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Responnse of glaaciers to ffuture climmate chaange in thhe Beida RRiver catcchment,northeast Tibetaan Plateaau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3582-3596页

作者： WANG Sheng yao tan-dong PU Jian-chen Geography Science Institute Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academyof Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China

Understandinng how futurre climate chaange impacts glaciers is crrucial to suustainable water supplies aand water resource managements..A calibrated ddegree-day glaacier mass baalance model and a volume-aarea scaling approach wwere coupledd to quantitativeely assess thhe effect off future climate change onn the ice volume in thhe Beida RRiver catchment,Northeast TTibetan *** ressults show that future mean mass loss off all glaciers will reach to 0.6628±0.058,00.676±0.058 aand 0.765±0.074×10^(8)m^(3)yr^(-1) under RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5,respectivvely,with 81%-996.2% ice voluume losses by the end off 21^(st) *** mass balance tennds to be mmore negative unntil 2050 undder RCP 2.6,uuntil 2060 unnder RCP 4.5,annd until 21000 under RCPP *** in the catchmment are likely experienciing or will soon experience the most inteense ice loss,,which may lead to negativee impact onn water resoources after the tipping poiint around *** the RCP 8.5 scenario,thhe summer mass balancee decreases with elevvation at the altitudinal beelt of 4650~55050 m *** to the variaation of elevaation structurre caused by acceelerating glaciers ***,the simulations aree sensitive tto the parammeterization scheme of glaccier area andd air *** projjections havee the potentiaal to significanntly improve ourr understandiings of glacieer regime oveer data-poor regiions.

关键词： Glacier mass balance Glacier shrinkage Climate change Glacier modelling Tibetan Plateau

课程形成性评价体系构建方法及其在环境化学类课程中的应用

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化学教育（中英文） 2024年第14期45卷 21-28页

作者：姚栋花修艺宁杨吉林大学化学学院吉林长春130012 吉林大学新能源与环境学院吉林长春130012

随着一流课程建设的持续深入,形成性评价作为课程建设的一部分越来越受到一线教师和教学职能部门的重视,其中,对于形成性评价的界定、形成性评价体系的设计方法也是人们关注的重点。本研究指出了形成性评价的基本特征,提出了构建课程形... 详细信息

随着一流课程建设的持续深入,形成性评价作为课程建设的一部分越来越受到一线教师和教学职能部门的重视,其中,对于形成性评价的界定、形成性评价体系的设计方法也是人们关注的重点。本研究指出了形成性评价的基本特征,提出了构建课程形成性评价体系的基本方法,并介绍了形成性评价体系在环境监测和仪器分析等课程的具体实践内容和运行效果,从而说明具有多维度、对应教学目标的形成性评价体系将对学生的学习目标达成度提升提供重要支撑。

关键词：形成性评价教学目标评价模块教学实践

基于SSP-RCP情景的黄土高原土地变化模拟及草原碳储量

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环境科学 2024年第5期45卷 2817-2827页

作者：崔写董燕张露尹王荣耀昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院昆明650093

探索未来气候变化情景下土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)和生态系统碳储量的空间分布,可以为优化土地资源再分配和制定社会经济可持续发展政策提供科学依据.研究整合了斑块生成土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型和生态系统服务与权衡综合评价(InVEST)模型... 详细信息

探索未来气候变化情景下土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)和生态系统碳储量的空间分布,可以为优化土地资源再分配和制定社会经济可持续发展政策提供科学依据.研究整合了斑块生成土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型和生态系统服务与权衡综合评价(InVEST)模型,基于CMIP6提供的共享社会经济路径和代表性浓度路径(SSP-RCP)情景,评估了黄土高原LUCC和生态系统碳储量的时空动态变化,分析驱动因素对不同区域的影响程度,探讨各区域碳储量空间相关性.结果表明:(1)未来3种情景LUCC变化模式相似,耕地、草地和未利用地面积都有不同程度的减少,建设用地急剧扩张,3种情景下的增幅分别为29.23%~53.56%(SSP126)、34.59%~63.28%(SSP245)和42.80%~73.27%(SSP585).(2)与2020年相比,2040年SSP126情景碳储量增加1.8138×10^(6) t,其余情景持续下降;到2060年,3种情景草原碳储量分别减少13.391×10^(6)、33.548×10^(6)和85.871×10^(6) t.(3)从空间相关性来看,黄土高原碳储量在市域间存在相关性,未来情景差异不显著,热点分布在研究区中部及中部以北地区,没有明显的冷点区域.(4)土地利用变化会增加或损失碳储量.林地、耕地和草地比其它土地类型有更多的碳储量,增加它们的面积和限制向其它土地类型转换会增加生态系统碳储量.

关键词： CMIP6模型 PLUS模型 InVEST模型土地利用变化碳储量

高温烟气热解废轮胎过程中痕量金属Cu、Pb的迁移特性分析

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化工进展 2024年第3期43卷 1606-1613页

作者：张鑫汤吉昀陈娟宋占龙董勇姚洪山东大学能源与动力工程学院山东济南250061 昌吉学院能源与控制工程学院新疆昌吉831100 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室湖北武汉430000

废轮胎(WT)作为一种常见固废,不合理的处置会对环境造成较大污染。本文采用燃煤高温烟气对WT进行热解,重点研究了热解过程中重金属Cu和Pb的释放特性,以及不同金属氧化物(CaO、MgO、Al_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2)O_(3))对两种重金属的控制效果,此... 详细信息

废轮胎(WT)作为一种常见固废,不合理的处置会对环境造成较大污染。本文采用燃煤高温烟气对WT进行热解,重点研究了热解过程中重金属Cu和Pb的释放特性,以及不同金属氧化物(CaO、MgO、Al_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2)O_(3))对两种重金属的控制效果,此外还研究了添加聚氯乙烯(PVC)对两种重金属迁移释放的影响。结果表明,当热解时间为10min时,两种元素已经基本释放完全。高温促进了Cu的富集,而低温反而促进了Cu的释放。对Pb元素而言,随着温度的升高,其释放量不断增加,展现出明显的线性规律。当WT添加金属氧化物热解时,MgO促进了Cu的富集,而Al_(2)O_(3)促进了Pb的富集。当WT添加PVC热解时,低温促进了Cu的富集,而高温促进了Cu的释放。但不论温度的高低,PVC的添加使得Pb几乎完全释放。此时,添加Fe_(2)O_(3)对两种重金属的释放均起到了抑制作用。

关键词：废轮胎热解高温烟气铜铅

Versatile plant genome engineering using anti-CRISPR-Cas12a systems

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： yao He Shishi Liu Long Chen dongkai Pu Zhaohui Zhong tang Xu Qiurong Ren Chuan dong Yawei Wang Danning Wang Xuelian Zheng Fengbiao Guo Tao Zhang Yiping Qi Yong Zhang Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tree Germplasm Innovation and Utilization School of Life Sciences Southwest University Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences and Technology Center for Informational Biology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education College of AgricultureYangzhou University Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou University Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park 20742 Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of Maryland

CRISPR-Cas12a genome engineering systems have been widely used in plant research and crop breeding. To date, the performance and use of anti-CRISPR-Cas12a systems have not been fully established in plants. Here, we conduct in silico analysis to identify putative anti-CRISPR systems for Cas12a. These putative anti-CRISPR proteins, along with known anti-CRISPR proteins, are assessed for their ability to inhibit Cas12a cleavage activity in vivo and in planta. Among all anti-CRISPR proteins tested, AcrVA1 shows robust inhibition of Mb2Cas12a and LbCas12a in E. coli. Further tests show that AcrVA1 inhibits LbCas12a mediated genome editing in rice protoplasts and stable transgenic lines. Impressively, co-expression of AcrVA1 mitigates off-target effects by CRISPR-LbCas12a, as revealed by whole genome sequencing. In addition, transgenic plants expressing AcrVA1 exhibit different levels of inhibition to LbCas12a mediated genome editing, representing a novel way of fine-tuning genome editing efficiency. By controlling temporal and spatial expression of AcrVA1, we show that inducible and tissue specific genome editing can be achieved in plants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AcrVA1 also inhibits LbCas12a-based CRISPR activation(CRISPRa) and based on this principle we build logic gates to turn on and off target genes in plant cells. Together, we have established an efficient anti-CRISPR-Cas12a system in plants and demonstrate its versatile applications in mitigating off-target effects, finetuning genome editing efficiency, achieving spatial-temporal control of genome editing, and generating synthetic logic gates for controlling target gene expression in plant cells.

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Correlation analysis of human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA detection with diagnosis,prognosis and recurrence risk in patients with cervical epithelioma

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第20期12卷 4146-4153页

作者： Ling-Li Zhang Ming-Yan Du Xin Du Jie Duan dong-Mei yao Jing Jing Chun Feng Lin Song Department of Gynaecology Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430075Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Gynaecology China Resources WISCO General HospitalWuhan 430080Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Surgery Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430075Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)is an important precursor of cervical *** detection and treatment can reduce the incidence of cervical *** To investigate the detection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA in cervical tissue of patients with different types of epithelial cell neoplasia(CIN)and its relationship with CIN progression and *** One hundred women with HPV infection detected by cervical exfoliation cytology between January 2022 and January 2023 were retrospectively *** patients were graded CIN based on colposcopy and cervical *** positive expression rates of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV[polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot crossing]were compared among all *** with HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in the grade 1 CIN group were followed up for 1 *** relationship between atypical squamous epithelium and high malignant epithelial neoplasia was investigated by univariate and multivariate *** The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and sensitivity of PCR-reverse point hybrid ization technology for secondary CIN were 70.41%,70.66%,and 0.714,*** and specificity for secondary CIN were 752%and 7853%,respectively,the area under the curve value was *** Multifactorial model analysis revealed that the HPV positive rates and the HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive rates were independent risk factors of CIN grade I(P<0.05).In CIN grade I patients with positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,at 69.2%,compared with patients negative for HPV E6/E7 mRNA(30.8%),significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV(PCR-reverse dot hybrid)positive expression have a close relationship with CINgrade disease progression and is an independent risk factor for high-grade CIN lesions.

关键词： Cervical epithelial neoplasia Human papilloma change with virus E6/E7 mRNA Cervical cancer Correlation analysis

考虑资源稀缺性的路面养护措施综合效益全寿命周期费用评估

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北京工业大学学报 2024年第4期50卷 417-430页

作者：董侨姚康黄梦雨倪富健东南大学交通学院南京211189 东南大学道路交通工程国家级实验教学示范中心南京211189

为提高道路工程中不可再生资源利用的合理性,建立养护措施综合效益的全寿命周期费用评价方法,推动交通运输基础设施的可持续发展,基于全寿命周期费用评价(life-cycle cost assessment,LCCA)理论,引入了资源稀缺性的评价指标,并基于存量... 详细信息

为提高道路工程中不可再生资源利用的合理性,建立养护措施综合效益的全寿命周期费用评价方法,推动交通运输基础设施的可持续发展,基于全寿命周期费用评价(life-cycle cost assessment,LCCA)理论,引入了资源稀缺性的评价指标,并基于存量稀缺、进口稀缺和技术稀缺3个评价维度,建立了适用于路用材料的项目级资源稀缺性评价体系,同时,将该指标量化为货币当量计入成本清单中。依托江苏省路面养护管理系统数据,将资源稀缺性、经济效益、性能发展3个维度统一,定量分析了再生类、铣刨重铺类和罩面类共3类、12个常见养护措施的综合效益。研究结果表明:考虑资源稀缺性,再生类养护措施旧料利用率较高,具有极佳的资源合理性;EC A-10薄层罩面处治厚度薄、耗材量小,与普通罩面相比能节省50%左右的资源;铣刨料直接废弃、石料来源选择不当将导致额外支出10%~20%的当量成本。考虑综合效益,各养护方案与施工特性(如施工工期、施工水平、工艺先进性等)相关的成本效益接近60%,其中用户间接的经济损失占比超过30%,直接由施工工期决定。因此,建议谨慎选择材料来源及去向以减少不可再生资源浪费,优化养护施工流程以降低用户的间接经济损失,提高施工水平以降低用户的直接油耗开支,开展科学养护决策以降低政府投入成本。

关键词：路面工程全寿命周期费用评价(life-cycle cost assessment,LCCA) 资源稀缺性成本评估养护措施养护决策

同步硝化内源反硝化除磷好氧颗粒污泥的储存与恢复

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中国环境科学 2024年第4期44卷 2023-2031页

作者：李军李嘉睿李东岳吴耀东梁东博丁凡边雪莹北京工业大学城市建设学部城市污水深度处理与资源化利用技术国家工程实验室北京100124 中国城市建设研究院有限公司北京100120 信开环境投资有限公司北京101100 北京市勘察设计研究院有限公司北京100038

针对好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化时间慢等问题,进行了同步硝化内源反硝化除磷好氧颗粒污泥常温储存及活性恢复实验研究.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥经过60d的常温储存后,颗粒的结构基本能保持稳定,但是颗粒污泥的活性大幅度降低,污染物去除率仅有储... 详细信息

针对好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化时间慢等问题,进行了同步硝化内源反硝化除磷好氧颗粒污泥常温储存及活性恢复实验研究.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥经过60d的常温储存后,颗粒的结构基本能保持稳定,但是颗粒污泥的活性大幅度降低,污染物去除率仅有储存前的30%~40%.将常温储存的颗粒污泥接种到反应器中,经过一定的调控手段,可以在60d内恢复好氧颗粒污泥的功能及活性.此外,经过储存与恢复,好氧颗粒污泥的群落结构也发生了明显变化.大部分的微生物的相对丰度变化可逆,经过储存和恢复可以恢复至储存前的状态(包括Defluviicoccus(GAOs)和Flavobacterium(PAOs)),重构同步脱氮除磷的微生物群落结构.

关键词：好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化内源反硝化除磷常温储存活性恢复微生物群落结构

Implementation of a particle-in-cell method for the energy solver in 3D spherical geodynamic modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 549-563页

作者： Hao dong ZeBin Cao LiJun Liu YanChong Li SanZhong Li LiMing Dai XinYu Li Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting TechniquesMinistry of Education and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Department of Earth Science&Environmental Change University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The thermal evolution of the Earth’s interior and its dynamic effects are the focus of Earth ***,the commonly adopted grid-based temperature solver is usually prone to numerical oscillations,especially in the presence of sharp thermal gradients,such as when modeling subducting slabs and rising *** phenomenon prohibits the correct representation of thermal evolution and may cause incorrect implications of geodynamic *** examining several approaches for removing these numerical oscillations,we show that the Lagrangian method provides an ideal way to solve this *** this study,we propose a particle-in-cell method as a strategy for improving the solution to the energy equation and demonstrate its effectiveness in both one-dimensional and three-dimensional thermal problems,as well as in a global spherical simulation with data *** have implemented this method in the open-source finite-element code CitcomS,which features a spherical coordinate system,distributed memory parallel computing,and data assimilation algorithms.

关键词： numerical oscillation overshooting and undershooting particle-in-cell method three-dimensional spherical geodynamic modeling energy solver finite element method