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Data augmentation for bias correction in mapping PM_(2.5) based on satellite retrievals and ground observations

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 17-28页

作者： tan Mi Die tang Jianbo Fu Wen Zeng Michael l.Grieneisen Zihang Zhou Fengju Jia Fumo Yang Yu Zhan College of Carbon Neutrality Future technology Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610200China Department of land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences ChengduSichuan 610072China Sichuan Chengdu Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center ChengduSichuan 610011China

As most air quality monitoring sites are in urban areas worldwide,machine learning models may produce substantial estimation bias in rural areas when deriving spatiotemporal distributions of air *** bias stems from the issue of dataset shift,as the density distributions of predictor variables differ greatly between urban and rural *** propose a data-augmentation approach based on the multiple imputation by chained equations(MICE-DA)to remedy the dataset shift *** with the benchmark models,MICE-DA exhibits superior predictive performance in deriving the spatiotemporal distributions of hourly PM2.5 in the megacity(Chengdu)at the foot of the tibetan Plateau,especially for correcting the estimation bias,with the mean bias decreasing from-3.4µg/m3 to-1.6µg/*** a complement to the holdout validation,the semi-variance results show that MICE-DA decently preserves the spatial autocorrelation pattern of PM2.5 over the study *** essence of MICE-DA is strengthening the correlation between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth(AOD)during the data ***,the importance of AOD is largely enhanced for predicting PM2.5,and the summed relative importance value of the two satellite-retrieved AOD variables increases from 5.5%to 18.4%.this study resolved the puzzle that AOD exhibited relatively lower importance in local or regional *** results of this study can advance the utilization of satellite remote sensing in modeling air quality while drawing more attention to the common dataset shift problem in data-driven environmental research.

关键词： Aerosol optical depth Dataset shift Spatiotemporal Distribution Air quality monitoring Multiple imputation by chained equations

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In situ photoelectric biosensing based on ultranarrowband near-infrared plasmonic hot electron photodetection

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 81-89页

作者： Xianghong Nan Wenduo lai Jie Peng Haiquan Wang Bojun Chen Huifan He Zekang Mo Zikun Xia Ning tan Zhong liu long Wen Dan Gao Qin Chen Jinan University College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering Institute of Nanophotonics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Jinan University College of Life Science and Technology

Narrowband photodetection is an important measurement technique for material analysis and sensing, for example, nondispersive infrared sensing technique. Both photoactive material engineering and nanophotonic filtering schemes have been explored to realize wavelength-selective photodetection,while most devices have a responsive bandwidth larger than 2% of the operating wavelength, limiting sensing performance. Near-infrared photodetection with a bandwidth of less than 0.2% of the operating wavelength was demonstrated experimentally in Au/Si Schottky nanojunctions. A minimum linewidth of photoelectric response down to 2.6 nm was obtained at a wavelength of 1550 nm by carefully tailing the absorptive and radiative loss in the nanostructures. Multiple functions were achieved on chip with the corrugated Au film, including narrowband resonance, light harvesting for sensing and photodetection, and electrodes for hot electron emission. Benefiting from such a unity integration with in situ photoelectric conversion of the optical sensing signal and the ultranarrowband resonance, self-contained on-chip biosensing via simple intensity interrogation was demonstrated with a limit of detection down to 0.0047%in concentration for glucose solution and 150 ng∕m l for rabbit IgG. Promising potential of this technique is expected for the applications in on-site sensing, spectroscopy, spectral imaging, etc.

关键词： Photodetectors Plasmonics Biosensing Optical gratings Gold Absorption spectrum Acoustooptic tunable filters Absorption Sensors In situ remote sensing

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Quantum vortices get stretched

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 225-227页

作者： Emanuel A.l.Henn São Carlos Institute of Physics University of São Paulo-PO Box 36913560-970São CarlosBrazil

Since its discovery, superfluidity [1,2] remains one of the most remarkable phenomena in quantum physics. the onset of the quantum regime in liquid helium is visually striking, when the fluid flows without dissipation or detaches from a rotating bucket, remaining still upon soft rotations. the same phenomenon is present in the context of ultracold bosonic quantum gases where, most of the time, superfluidity walks hand-in-hand with the transition to Bose−Einstein condensation [3].

关键词： quantum rotating rotation

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time-inconsistent stochastic linear-quadratic control problem with indefinite control weight costs

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 211-236页

作者： Qi lü Bowen Ma School of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

A time-inconsistent linear-quadratic optimal control problem for stochastic differential equations is *** introduce conditions where the control cost weighting matrix is possibly *** such conditions,we obtain a family of closed-loop equilibrium strategies via multi-person differential *** result extends Yong’s work(2017) in the case of stochastic differential equations,where a unique closed-loop equilibrium strategy can be derived under standard conditions(namely,the control cost weighting matrix is uniformly positive definite,and the other weighting coefficients are positive semidefinite).

关键词： linear-quadratic optimal control problem time-inconsistent cost functional generalized Riccati equation indefinite control weight cost closed-loop equilibrium strategy

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Rogue wave solutions and rogue-breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schr?dinger equation

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Communications in theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 33-41页

作者： Si-Jia Chen Xing lü College of Science Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384People's Republic of China Department of Mathematics Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China Beijing laboratory of National Economic Security Early-warning Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People's Republic of China

Based on the long wave limit method,the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schr?dinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary *** interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather *** applying the same method to the three-breather solutions,two types of interaction solutions are obtained,namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves,the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave,*** influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically *** occur among the rogue waves and breather *** the collisions,the shape of them remains *** abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.

关键词： nonlinear Schrodinger equation rogue wave solutions interaction solutions

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Structural and functional insights into the 20-O-methyltransferase of SARS-CoV-2

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 619-631页

作者： Jikai Deng Feiyu Gong Yingjian li Xue tan Xuemei liu Shimin Yang Xianying Chen Hongyun Wang Qianyun liu Chao Shen li Zhou Yu Chen State Key laboratory of Virology RNA InstituteCollege of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Animal Bio-Safety level III laboratory/Institute for Vaccine Research Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhan430071China

A unique feature of coronaviruses is their utilization of self-encoded nonstructural protein 16(nsp16),20-Omethyltransferase(20-O-Mtase),to cap their RNAs through ribose 20-O-methylation *** process is crucial for maintaining viral genome stability,facilitating efficient translation,and enabling immune *** considerable advances in the ultrastructure of SARS-CoV-2 nsp16/nsp10,insights into its molecular mechanism have so far been *** this study,we systematically characterized the 20-O-Mtase activity of nsp16 in SARS-CoV-2,focusing on its dependence on nsp10 *** observed cross-reactivity between nsp16 and nsp10 in various coronaviruses due to a conserved interaction ***,a single residue substitution(K58t)in SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 restricted the functional activation of MERS-CoV ***,the cofactor nsp10 effectively enhanced the binding of nsp16 to the substrate RNA and the methyl donor Sadenosyl-l-methionine(SAM).Mechanistically,His-80,lys-93,and Gly-94 of nsp10 interacted with Asp-102,Ser-105,and Asp-106 of nsp16,respectively,thereby effectively stabilizing the SAM binding ***-43 of nsp10 interacted with lys-38 and Gly-39 of nsp16 to dynamically regulate the RNA binding pocket and facilitate precise binding of RNA to the nsp16/nsp10 *** assessing the conformational epitopes of nsp16/nsp10 complex,we further determined the critical residues involved in 20-O-Mtase ***,we utilized an in vitro biochemical platform to screen potential inhibitors targeting 20-O-Mtase ***,our results significantly enhance the understanding of viral 20-O methylation process and mechanism,providing valuable targets for antiviral drug development.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 nsp16/nsp10 20-O-Methyltransferase 3-Dimensional structure Molecular mechanism Inhibitors

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Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.l.Carvalho lúcia P.S.Pimenta Alan R.t.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

the use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).the extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

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Spalling characteristics of high-temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： l.F.Fan Q.H.Yang X.l.Du the Key laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

the dynamic spalling characteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of granite with different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with different impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at different *** dynamic spalling strengths of granite with different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain *** results show that the spalling strength of granite decreases with increasing ***,the spalling strength of granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain *** proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling characteristics High temperature Strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

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A Pooling Method Developed for Use in Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 751-770页

作者： Ìsmail Akgül Departmant of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24002Turkiye

In convolutional neural networks,pooling methods are used to reduce both the size of the data and the number of parameters after the convolution of the *** methods reduce the computational amount of convolutional neural networks,making the neural network more *** pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods are generally used in convolutional neural ***,these pooling methods are not suitable for all datasets used in neural network *** this study,a new pooling approach to the literature is proposed to increase the efficiency and success rates of convolutional neural *** method,which we call MAM(Maximum Average Minimum)pooling,is more interactive than other traditional maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods and reduces data loss by calculating the more appropriate pixel *** proposed MAM pooling method increases the performance of the neural network by calculating the optimal value during the training of convolutional neural *** determine the success accuracy of the proposed MAM pooling method and compare it with other traditional pooling methods,training was carried out on the leNet-5 model using CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,and MNISt *** to the results obtained,the proposed MAM pooling method performed better than the maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods in all pool sizes on three different datasets.

关键词： Pooling convolutional neural networks deep learning

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Effects of hydroxyproline supplementation in low fish meal diets on collagen synthesis, myofiber development and muscular texture of juvenile Pacific white shrimp(litopenaeus vannamei)

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 428-437页

作者： Menglin Shi Haoming li tianyu Chen Bocheng Huang Xiaoyue li Xiaohui Dong Shuyan Chi Qihui Yang Hongyu liu Junming Deng Beiping tan Shuang Zhang Shiwei Xie laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed College of Fisheries Guangdong Ocean University Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province Key laboratory of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China Ministry of Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key lab of Aquatic Animals Disease Control and Healthy Culture

this experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary hydroxyproline(Hyp) supplementation on the muscle quality of juvenile Pacific white shrimp(litopenaeus vannamei) fed a low fishmeal diet. Six formulated diets included one high fishmeal(HF; 25% fishmeal content) and five low fishmeal diets(10%fishmeal content) with 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% Hyp(lF0, lF2, lF4, lF6 and lF8, respectively). Each diet was assigned to four replicates, and 40 shrimp(0.32 ± 0.00 g) per replicate were fed four times a day for 8 weeks. Dietary Hyp supplementation had little effects on growth performance, but increased the contents of Hyp, prolyl 4-hydroxylases(P4Hs), and collagen. the meat yield, springiness, hardness,chewiness, and cohesiveness of muscle were the highest in the lF4 group among the low fishmeal groups(P loss and freezing loss of muscle were the lowest in the lF4 group(P tary supplementation with 0.4% Hyp increased the myofiber density and decreased the myofiber diameter of muscle(P lementation of Hyp in the diet up-regulated the mRNA expression of smyhc5,smyhc15, col1a1, col1a2, igf-1f, tgf-β and tor and down-regulated the mRNA expression of smyhc1, smyhc2,smyhc6a(P lementation of Hyp in the diet up-regulated the protein expression of P-4E-BP1,P-AKt, AKt and P-AKt/AKt(P these results suggested that the addition of 0.4% Hyp to low fishmeal diets improved the muscle quality of l. vannamei.

关键词： Hydroxyproline Collagen Muscle quality litopenaeus vannamei

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