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Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from selected local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 166-172页

作者： Fitsum Bekele tamirat tefera Gelila Biresaw Tsegaye Yohannes Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences and MedicineWolaita Sodo UniversityP.O.Box 138Wolaita SodoEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:One way that people get infected with intestinal parasites is through the consumption of contaminated vegetables and *** study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables collected from four local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 21 September 2014 to determine the level of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables sold in Arba Minch town.A total of 360 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were soaked in physiological saline,followed by vigorous shaking with the aid of a mechanical shaker for 15 minutes and then examined using the sedimentation concentration ***:Out of the 360 samples examined,196(54.4%)were contaminated with at least one type of *** lumbricoides(20.83%)was the most frequently detected parasite and Isospora belli(3.06%)was the least frequently detected *** was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling(P<0.001).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide evidence that there is a potentially high risk of acquiring parasitic infections from the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits in Arba Minch,*** authors believe that an effort should be made by the relevant bodies to reduce the rate of contamination of products with medically important parasites by educating the vendors and the community.

关键词： Vegetable and fruits contamination Intestinal parasite Health education Arba Minch Ethiopia

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Modeling the System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Using Highly Efficient Converters and Generator

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第3期8卷 356-366页

作者： tefera Kitaba Department of Electrical Power Engineering Ethiopian Defence University College of EngineeringBishoftuDebre Zeit 1041Ethiopia

High-efficient isolated DC/DC converters with a high-efficiency synchronous reluctance generator(SRG)are the ultimate solutions in DC microgrid *** design and modeling of isolated DC/DC converters with the performance of SRG are carried *** the generator side,reactive and active powers are used as pulse width modulation(PWM)control ***,the flux estimator is ***-phase PWM rectifier is used by applying space vector modulation(SVM)with a constant switching frequency for direct power ***,the paper also includes the experimental validation of the *** paper also proposes that highly efficient power converters and synchronous reluctance generators are required to achieve high performance for hybrid renewable energy systems applications.

关键词： DC-DC Duty ratio Isolated DTC SRG Converters

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Pleiotropy Structures Plant Height and Seed Weight Scaling in Barley despite Long History of Domestication and Breeding Selection

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 85-93页

作者： Tianhua He tefera Tolera Angessa Chengdao Li Western Crop Genetics Alliance Agricultural SciencesCollege of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia Agriculture and Food Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWAAustralia

Size scaling describes the relative growth rates of different body parts of an organism following a positive *** and crop breeding often target the scaling traits in the opposite *** genetic mechanism of the size scaling influencing the pattern of size scaling remains ***,we revisited a diverse barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)panel with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)profile and the measurement of their plant height and seed weight to explore the possible genetic mechanisms that may lead to a correlation of the two traits and the influence of domestication and breeding selection on the size *** height and seed weight are heritable and remain positively correlated in domesticated barley regardless of growth type and *** structural equation modeling systematically evaluated the pleiotropic effect of individual SNP on the plant height and seed weight within a trait correlation *** discovered seventeen novel SNPs(quantitative trait locus)conferring pleiotropic effect on plant height and seed weight,involving genes with function in diverse traits related to plant growth and *** disequilibrium decay analysis revealed that a considerable proportion of genetic markers associated with either plant height or seed weight are closely linked in the *** conclude that pleiotropy and genetic linkage likely form the genetic bases of plant height and seed weight scaling in *** findings contribute to understanding the heritability and genetic basis of size scaling and open a new venue for seeking the underlying mechanism of allometric scaling in plants.

关键词： breeding scaling Plant

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Cauchy matrix approach to three non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 1-15页

作者： Alemu Yilma tefera Shangshuai Li Da-jun Zhang Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444China Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyo 169-8555Japan

This paper aims to develop a direct approach,namely,the Cauchy matrix approach,to non-isospectral integrable *** the Cauchy matrix approach,the Sylvester equation plays a central role,which defines a dressed Cauchy matrix to provideτfunctions for the investigated *** this paper,using the Cauchy matrix approach,we derive three non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their explicit *** equations are generically related to the time-dependent spectral parameter in the Zakharov–Shabat–Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur spectral *** solutions are obtained from the solutions of unreduced non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations through complex *** solutions are analyzed and illustrated to show the non-isospectral effects in dynamics of solitons.

关键词： Cauchy matrix approach Sylvester equation nonlinear Schrödinger equation non-isospectral integrable system explicit solution

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Exploring the unique biophysical characteristics and ecosystem services of mountains: A review

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第11期21卷 3584-3597页

作者： Gebrekidan Worku tefera Ram L.RAY Amare BANTIDER Cooperative Agricultural Research Center College of AgricultureFood and Natural ResourcesPrairie View A&M UniversityPrairie ViewTX 77446USA Center for Food Security Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaP.O.Box 1145Ethiopia Water and Land Resources Center Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaP.O.Box 1145Ethiopia

Mountains are unique terrestrial ecosystems characterized by distinct physiography,biological diversity,and socio-economic *** ecosystems provide numerous essential goods and services to communities within and beyond the *** their significance,comprehensive studies that thoroughly characterize the ecosystem services of mountains are *** research is crucial to advance scientific understanding of mountain characteristics and ecosystem *** study investigates mountain regions’unique characteristics and ecosystem services using global datasets such as the *** Survey(USGS),the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment(GMBA),NASA EARTHDATA,and other relevant databases and literature *** focus was to explore unique physiographic and socio-economic characteristics and ecosystem services provided by *** results indicate that mountain ecosystems are pivotal in offering provisional,regulatory,and supporting ecosystem services on *** their limited geographical area,these ecosystems supply substantial amounts of freshwater to communities living within and downstream of mountainous ***,mountain ecosystems serve as global biodiversity hotspots,harboring a significant proportion of the world's ***,mountain ecosystems face numerous natural and anthropogenic challenges,including climate change,habitat destruction,and resource *** efforts towards sustainable mountain development are *** scientific research and targeted policy measures are essential to address these challenges,protect mountain biodiversity,and ensure the continuous provision of vital ecosystem services.

关键词： Mountains Ecosystems services Biodiversity Freshwater Cultural services

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Cross-Border Migration and Human Trafficking in Ethiopia:Contributing Factors,Policy Responses and the Way Forward

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第1期12卷 93-116页

作者： Messay M.tefera College of Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Visiting Research Scholar Fudan Development InstituteShanghaiChina

The overriding objective of this research was to assess the status,major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the *** meet the intended objectives,desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were *** results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins(transit and destination as well)of the trafficked persons from *** most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic,political and environmental *** was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault,sexual abuse,abduction,robbery,drug/alcohol trafficking and even *** most destination areas,illegal migrants face restricted mobility,exploitative working conditions and harassment of different *** ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private ***,enhanced democratization of the government system,political tolerance,good governance,improved access to legal travel authorization(visa)for safe migration,awareness creation campaigns,improved monitoring of the private employment agencies and increased cooperation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize and halt illicit cross-border human trafficking from Ethiopia.

关键词： Human trafficking Cross-border migration Policy response Ethiopia

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Fine-mapping and characterisation of genes on barley(Hordeum vulgare)chromosome 2H for salinity stress tolerance during germination

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 754-766页

作者： Edward Mwando Yong Han tefera Angessa Xiao-Qi Zhang Chengdao Li Western Crop Genetics Alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development 3 Baron-Hay CourtSouth PerthWA 6151Australia

Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development *** is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitative trait loci(QTL)for salinity tolerance during germination on the short arm of chromosome 2 H using a CM72/Gairdner doubled haploid(DH)***,we narrowed down the major QTL to a region of 0.341 or 0.439 Mb containing 9 or 24 candidate genes belonging to 6 or 20 functional gene families according to barley reference genomes v1 and v3 respectively,using two DH populations of CM72/Gairdner and Skiff/CM72,F_(2)and F;generations of CM72/Gairdner/;Spartacus CL,Two Receptorlike kinase 4(RLPK4)v1 or Receptor-like kinase(RLK)v3 could be the candidates for enhanced germination under salinity stress because of their upregulated expression in salt-tolerant variety ***,several insertion/deletion polymorphisms were identified within the 3 rd exon of the genes between CM72 and *** sequence variations resulted in shifted functional protein domains,which may be associated with differences in salinity *** molecular markers were designed for selecting the locus with receptor-like protein kinase 4,and one was inside HORVU2 Hr1 G111760.1 or ***.r3.2 *** diagnostic markers will allow for pyramiding of 2 H locus in barley varieties and facilitate genetic improvement for saline ***,validation of the genes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhancing salinity tolerance at germination and designing RLPK4 specific markers is *** this publication,all the analysis was based on barley reference genome of2017(v1),and it was used throughout for ***,the positions of the markers and genes identified were updated according to new genome(v3)for reference.

关键词： Barley Germination Salinity tolerance Diagnostic markers Receptor-like protein kinase 4 Gene expression Sequence analysis

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Production Line Analysis of Ethiopian Food Industries Through VSM (Case of Booze Food Complex)

Production Line Analysis of Ethiopian Food Industries Throug...

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作者： Abi tefera Tola 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

食品工业是埃塞俄比亚的主要问题,往往达不到预期目标,需要更多的工作才能更好地利用。以埃塞俄比亚食品工业为例,改善目前的状况至关重要,因为该国需要更多的食品来减少贫困。选取Booez食品公司(BFC)进行研究与分析是非常必要的,因为... 详细信息

食品工业是埃塞俄比亚的主要问题,往往达不到预期目标,需要更多的工作才能更好地利用。以埃塞俄比亚食品工业为例,改善目前的状况至关重要,因为该国需要更多的食品来减少贫困。选取Booez食品公司(BFC)进行研究与分析是非常必要的,因为开展价值评估是支持发展的基础。本研究的最终目标是找出BFC所面临的问题,即由于安装时间或转换时间过长而增加的生产成本、高在制品库存、由于机器意外停机而造成的返工、产品价格相对较高且具有竞争力、不必要的运动和内部运输。从文献研究来看,许多研究者在食品工业方面做了更多的工作,特别是在提高食品的质量和来源方面。在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多非洲国家,穷人生计的粮食需求和供应之间存在巨大差距。发展中国家正在考虑和努力解决的主要问题是在没有个人满意和质量的情况下提供粮食。由于劳动力的缺乏和材料处理时间原因,如果公司在质量和顾客满意方面达不到预期的目标。在这些非洲国家,生产成本也很高。研究表明,价值流图(VSM)用于确定哪些环节的生产损失最大,因此可以在这些环节中集中精力降低产品损失。原材料成本在BFC公司产品成本中占有重要地位,最大限度地减少生产损失可以提高生产线的生产能力。缩短产品交付时间和减少生产损失将显著提高BFC公司生产线的能力。它将更好地为客户服务,并将降低产品制造成本。VSM在生产线上的应用可以一步一步地持续进行,通过绘制和比较当前状态图和未来状态图来进行持续改进。未来状态图将成为下一步做持续改进的基础。生产时间缩短或产品交付时间缩短与员工满意度同时存在,这对所有制造企业都很重要。从理论上讲,当员工满意时,可以把工作完成得更好,也就量提高了生产效率。生产时间很重要,因为生产时间直接与利润相关,减少产品的生产时间意味着生产更多的产品、产生更多的利润。本研究目的是通过开发生产流程的当前状态价值流图和未来状态价值流图来减少非增值活动,从而降低生产成本。在这项研究中,我们使用了主要和次要的数据收集方法,包括来自不同部门的人员的讨论、访谈、结构化问卷调查、文献回顾,并可以对当前生产过程的进一步细节进行分析和讨论。从中我们得到了比预期更多的建设性意见。利用帕累托图对生产瓶颈的浪费进行排序,从帕累托图可以看出,内部运输和转换时间是增加生产时间和增加最终产品成本的瓶颈。本研究还计算了价值流指标,如周期时间、流程时间、交付时间和所需时间,以比较当前的价值流图和未来的价值流图。本研究重点是确定和减交付时间和增值时间,以提高的生产量。基于未来的VSM,最终结果表明,通过实施精益制造工具的价值流图和模具在生产线上的单分钟更换,取得了良好的效果。为了确定生产线是否需要改进,计算了整体设备效率和节拍时间,分别为78.55%和25.26分钟。节拍时间25.25分钟小于周期时间263.25分钟,表明公司正在生产。切换时间由原来的26分钟缩短到6分钟,并通过引入机器意外停机的缓冲存储等因素,使生产流程布局发生了细微变化。通过将仿真与价值流图相结合,验证了未来状态价值流图分析的可行性,因为仿真可以增加价值流图的能力和灵活性,从而改变生产系统的状态。

关键词： VSM 生产流程埃塞俄比亚食品工业 BFC案例研究竞技场模拟

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Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa,eastern Ethiopia:a cluster randomized controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 138-139页

作者： Ephrem tefera Solomon Sirak Robele Helmut Kloos Bezatu Mengistie Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHararEthiopia 不详

Background:Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity *** water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne ***,the effect of point-ofuse(POU)water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern ***:A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January *** 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline *** trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 *** households received 1.2%sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper *** in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water *** estimation equations(GEE)with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio(IRR),adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95%confidence ***:In the intervention households,in total,281 cases of diarrhea were documented(8.7 cases per 100 personweeks observation);in the control households,in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented(13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation).A 36.0%(adjusted IRR=0.64,95%CI:0.57–0.73)reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control *** highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years

关键词： Diarrhea Effect Water treatment with chlorine Under-five children WaterGuard Cluster randomized controlled trial Ethiopia

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Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 48-58页

作者： Tafesse Hawera Belay tefera Omprakash Sahu Department of Chemical Engineering KiOT Wollo UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical and Food Engineering BiTBahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical Engineering UIEChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia,which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's develop*** its significant contribution to economic developments;many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental *** on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera *** main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district,Oromia regional state,Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower pro*** this study,primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool *** were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its *** on data collected GHG(CO2,N2O,CH4&NH3)emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes(IPCC 2006)for inventory data and eutrophication&acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory ***,the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment,and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals(Impulse&Meltatix)banned by WHO identified in the *** it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms;all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.

关键词： Resources used ISO 14031 and LCA Operational performances EPE Emission

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