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Static Stretching Combined with Conscious Slower Breathing May Increase Parasympathetic Activity and Reduce Stress in Adult Women

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 242-256页

作者： Mami Sakurai Yasushi Ikarashi Masahiro Tabuchi Ailing Hu takuji yamaguchi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Beauty & Wellness Professional University of Beauty & Wellness Yokohama Japan Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Background: Women are thought to be more susceptible to stress than men in a stressful society, and reducing stress is crucial for women to maintain their health. Static stretching (SST) is applied in various fields to not only increase muscle flexibility but also reduce stress. Additionally, conscious slower breathing (CSB) predominates parasympathetic activity, causing a relaxing effect. These results indicate that combining SST and CSB may be more useful in reducing stress. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of this combination remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the combination of SST and CSB on autonomic activity and stress in adult women. Methods: Eleven healthy Japanese adult female participants performed SST with nonconscious natural breathing for 20 min. The same participants performed SST in combination with CSB (2 s inspiratory and 4 s expiratory) for 20 min on another day. Salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels were measured before and after stretching as stress markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system. The coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVR-R) and high-frequency component (HF), which reflect parasympathetic nerve activity, and heart rate and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio, which reflect sympathetic nerve activity, were measured before, during, and after stretching. Results: SST decreased cortisol levels but with no significant changes in chromogranin A, heart rate, CVR-R, HF, or LF/HF ratio. The combination of SST and CSB increased CVR-R and HF levels in addition to decreasing cortisol levels but with no significant changes in chromogranin A, heart rate, or LF/HF levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that the combination of SST and CSB may increase parasympathetic activity and reduce stress. However, future randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes should support this conclusion.

关键词： Static Stretching Conscious Slower Breathing Autonomic Activity Heart Rate Variability Stress

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Boiogito Increases the Synthesis and Secretion of Adiponectin by Promoting Differentiation in Cultured Human Adipocytes

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Health 2023年第12期15卷 1319-1337页

作者： Yuan Gu Ailing Hu takuji yamaguchi Masahiro Tabuchi Yasushi Ikarashi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Boiogito (BOT) ameliorates insulin resistance and diabetes in several animal models;however, the underlying mechanisms for these in vivo effects remain unclear. Thiazolidine derivatives, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists for the treatment of type II diabetes, promote adiponectin production by inducing adipocyte differentiation, thereby reducing insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BOT on adipocyte differentiation using cultured human visceral preadipocytes (HVPAds) compared with the thiazolidine derivative troglitazone (TRG). We investigated the effects of BOT (0.125 - 1 mg/mL) and TRG (10 μM) on the differentiation of adipocytes treated with or without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α: 5 ng/mL). On day 14 of culture, the following adipocyte differentiation marker levels were measured: intracellular lipids, extracellular (i.e., medium) adiponectin, and intracellular differentiation-related genes (PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, adiponectin, differentiation cluster 36, glucose transporter type 4). BOT and TRG increased factors associated with differentiation including lipid, adiponectin, and differentiation-related gene expression levels compared with the controls. The increases in these differentiation markers were inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (20 μM). Furthermore, TNF-α decreased all differentiation marker levels. The decreases in differentiation markers were inhibited by BOT and TRG;however, these inhibitory effects were blocked by GW9662. The results suggest that BOT increases the synthesis and secretion of adiponectin by promoting differentiation similar to TRG. This study is the first to demonstrate that adipocyte differentiation-promoting activity is a mechanism for the beneficial effects of BOT on diabetes and insulin resistance.

关键词： Adipocyte Adiponectin Boiogito Differentiation Troglitazone

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Assessment of Biological Reaction to Whole Body Vibration Training by Evaluating Changes in Salivary Components and Cutaneous Blood Flow

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Health 2014年第10期6卷 1049-1056页

作者： Seiko yamaguchi Yousuke Morita Takehiko Yukishita Keiko K. Lee takuji yamaguchi Naoko Koga Hiroyuki Kobayashi Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Aim: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to improve blood flow and autonomic balance and thereby induce a relaxation effect, which suggests its use for stress management. However, the relaxation effect of WBV training has not been objectively evaluated thus far. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological response to WBV training by measuring peripheral blood flow and salivary components using non-invasive techniques. Methods: Participants included 10 healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women;mean age 33.8 ± 2.3) who provided oral consent and served as their own control. Each participant performed 15 types of stretching exercises for 10.5 min on the Power Plate? and cutaneous blood flow and salivary components were measured before and after the exercise. One week later, all participants performed the same exercise regimen for 10.5 min on a non-vibratory plate, and blood flow measurement and salivary tests were performed in a similar manner. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in the 4th digit for 1 min using the laser speckle flowgraphy. Saliva samples were evaluated for cortisol levels and α-amylase activity. To determine the effects of stretching exercises on the Power Plate? vs a non-vibratory plate, the differences in pre- and post-exercise peripheral blood flow, salivary cortisol levels, and salivary α-amylase activity were statistically evaluated by the t-test. Results: Mean blood flow before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 122.0 ± 54.2 and 156.7 ± 51.2, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, blood flow was 136.6 ± 47.9 and 146.3 ± 38.3, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.215). Mean cortisol levels before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? were 266.6 ± 125 and 204.9 ± 61.6, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the levels were 439.0 ± 121.7 and 425.8 ± 118.8, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two

关键词： Whole Body Vibration Cutaneous Blood Flow Salivary Cortisol Salivary α-Amylase Activity Relaxation Effect

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A Novel Innovative Sleeping Mattress Could Possibly Save Lives and the National Economy: Small but Solid Evidence from a Medical Perspective

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Health 2020年第7期12卷 811-827页

作者： Masaki Omura Nobuhiro Suetake Kenichi Itao takuji yamaguchi Ailing Hu Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan WINFrontier Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

The RAND Corporation reported that insufficient sleep causes an economic loss of $138 billion (2.92% of GDP) in Japan every year. In this study, we investigated the sleep improvement effect of a novel innovative sleeping mattress called “AiR SI” (Nishikawa Co., Ltd.) to find a simple method to solve the problem of sleep deprivation. We conducted a 2-week randomized, open-label, crossover, self-controlled study in 14 healthy adults in their 30s to 50s (control: 1 week, AiR SI: 1 week), with sleep quality as the primary endpoint as well as salivary components (cortisol, melatonin) and autonomic nervous function (sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve) as secondary endpoints. Trends toward improvement in sleep were suggested for all the endpoints, regardless of differences in the subject background. The results suggested that the use of AiR SI for 1 week not only improved sleep but normalized both the endocrine and autonomic functions as well. We conclude that, by using a sleeping mattress with a high sleep improvement effect, the user may easily achieve higher labor productivity and have a lower mortality risk. Eliminating sleep deprivation with a sleeping mattress may lead to a reduction in national economic losses and ultimately produce significant economic effects.

关键词： Sleeping Mattress Sleep Deprivation Mortality Risk Autonomic Nervous System Medical Economy

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Conscious Slower Breathing Predominates Parasympathetic Activity and Provides a Relaxing Effect, in Healthy Japanese Adult Women

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Health 2023年第9期15卷 954-964页

作者： Mami Sakurai Ailing Hu takuji yamaguchi Masahiro Tabuchi Yasushi Ikarashi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan

Background: The optimal breathing pattern (BP) to effectively regulate autonomic nervous activity is yet to be determined. Objective: We aimed to clarify the effects of four BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and BP-4) on autonomic nervous activity and mood changes. Methods: Eleven healthy adult female volunteers performed each BP in a sitting position for 5 min in a resting state. The time required for one breathing for BP-1 (30 breaths/min), BP-2 (20 breaths/min), BP-3 (15 breaths/min), and BP-4 (10 breaths/min) were 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, and 6 s, respectively. The inspiratory/expiratory time of one breathing was 1 s/1 s, 1 s/2 s, 2 s/2 s, and 2 s/4 s. The high-frequency component (HF) and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio during and before (control) performing a BP were calculated from heart rate variability data recorded using the wearable biometric information tracer M-BIT. Three mood changes, which are, “pleasure—unpleasure”, “relaxation—tension”, and “sleepiness—arousal”, in the subjects were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after performing a BP. Results: Slower breathing induced an increase in HF power and a reduction in LF/HF ratio, indicating increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic dominance. Furthermore, VAS revealed that slower breathing increased the tendency to feel “pleasure”, “relaxation”, and “sleepiness”. Conclusion: Our results suggest that slower breathing predominates parasympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system, resulting in a relaxing effect. This result may help lay the foundation for deriving breathing methods that efficiently regulate an individual’s autonomic activity.

关键词： Breathing Autonomic Activity Heart Rate Variability Analysis Visual Analog Scale

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Effects of a Traditional Japanese Medicine Goshajinkigan, Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto on the Warm and Cold Sense Threshold and Peripheral Blood Flow

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Health 2014年第8期6卷 757-763页

作者： Rika Tsukada takuji yamaguchi Liu Hang Masako Iseki Hiroyuki Kobayashi Eiichi Inada Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a traditional Japanese medicine Goshajinkigan (TJ-107) and Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto (TJ-38) on warm sense threshold, cold sense threshold and the peripheral blood flow. 31 healthy volunteers (control group: 9people, TJ-107 group: 12 people, TJ-38group:10 people) were examined. Drugs administered 2.5 g a dose. Analysis was before and after 1 hour dosage. The warm and cold sense threshold in the thenar of the non-handedness site of these subjects was measured using a thermostimulator (Intercross-200, Intercross Co., Tokyo, Japan). The peripheral blood flow in the finger of the non-handedness site of these subjects was measured using a full-field laser perfusion imager (FLPI, Moor Instruments Ltd., England). Control: The vehicle had no significant effect on the warm sense threshold, cold sense threshold and the peripheral blood flow. TJ-107: The warm sense threshold and cold sense threshold were significantly decreased, and the reaction latency of cold sense was significantly shortening. The peripheral blood flow was significantly increased second and third finger at 115.6%, 119.3%, respectively. TJ-38: The cold sense threshold and the reaction latency of cold sense were significantly increased. The peripheral blood flow was significantly increased second and third finger with 114.3%, 112.8%, respectively. These results suggest that TJ-107 and TJ-38 have effects on the changed warm sense threshold, cold sense threshold and increased peripheral blood flow.

关键词： A Traditional Japanese Medicine Goshajinkigan Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto The Warm and Cold Sense Threshold Peripheral Blood Flow

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Search of Biomarker in the Oral Rehabilitation

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Health 2016年第1期8卷 83-92页

作者： Masakazu Azuma Senichi Suzuki Masaki Sawa Tomoko Yoshizawa Ailing Hu takuji yamaguchi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Lion Implant Center Ebina-shi Japan Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Bunkyo-ku Japan Center of Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine Bunkyo-ku Japan

Are there any ways to analyze objectively if any good changes happen to the bodies for the patients with acquired edentulous by getting a treatment to recover occlusion? In this study, we focused on interleukin 6 (IL-6) as inflammatory cytokine, cortisol known as a stress related substance and secretory immune globulin A (SIgA) related to immune reaction, and chose 14 patients who had occlusion reconstructed by the immediately loaded dental implants because occlusion contact with maxillary and mandibular dentition was lost caused by edentulous jaws or maxillary and mandibular teeth crossing each other and their jaw position and central occlusion position could not settle, and verified the relationship with changes of patients’ physical and mental states during the 6 months of the treatment and the effect of the immediately loaded implants treatment by using saliva which was non-invasive and easy to sample in biomarkers in saliva. Moreover for female subjects, the changes of facial color tones were measured by using Robo Skin Analyz-er?, a digital image analyzer, to measure the condition of their skin. In conclusion, the positive correlation between the amount of IL-6 and cortisol was not admitted. However, it was admitted that IL-6 tended to increase when a systemic change which interrupted curing such as the interruption of fusion of the implant and the bone was observed even though the patient did not notice any particular symptoms and cortisol tended to increase when the patient noticed discomfort and mentioned any events under stress on his or her medical record. Moreover with the skin color analysis by Robo Skin Analyzer?, the possibility that the occlusion treatment by the immediate implant had an effect on physical and psychological health promotion through the acquisition of the masticatory function and the aesthetic recovery was indicated.

关键词： Occlusion Immediate Load Dental Implants IL-6 Cortisol Skin Condition

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The Impact of Chronic Social Stress on Emotional Behavior in Mice and the Therapeutic Effect of Peripheral Mild-Heat Stimulation

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Health 2015年第10期7卷 1294-1305页

作者： Hang Liu takuji yamaguchi Kenji Ryotokuji Satoru Otani Hiroyuki Kobayashi Masako Iseki Eichi Inada Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Institute of Transcultural Studies Ryotokuji University Chiba Japan Center for Medical Education Ryotokuji University Chiba Japan 5Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

In today’s stressful society, mental diseases such as adjustment disorder, affective disorders including anxiety and depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome could be attributed to social stress and are considered as serious social problems. It has been long known in the acupuncture and moxibustion therapies in Japan and China that stimulation at Zhongwan and Taichong points have effects on stress-related anxiety and depression. In the present study, we therefore tested the effect of peripheral mild-heat stimulation at Zhongwan and Taichong on anxiety and brain biochemistry using a mouse model of chronic social stress. Male ddY mice (4 weeks old) were stressed by isolated rearing for 6 weeks. They received mild-heat stimulation (43℃?for 5 min) at Zhongwan and Taichong under isoflurane anesthesia after 4 weeks of the social isolation 3 times a week for 2 weeks, using the “Stress Free Apparatus” (Ryoken Co., Ltd). Control mice received only isoflurane anesthesia. Group-reared mice also underwent the same stimulus/anesthesia sessions. Two days after the last peripheral heat stimulation, anxiety was determined by the light/dark box test as the time spent in the light compartment and the number of transfer between the light and dark compartments. Before and after the last stimulation, blood was collected from an artery at the back of the eye, and serum corticosterone, immunoglobulin E (IgE) which was an index of the inflammatory immune system, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured using ELISA Kit. The frontal cortex was collected after the behavioral test, and the dopamine and serotonin contents were measured also by ELISA Kit. A significant decrease of the time spent in the light compartment was observed after the isolated rearing (p < 0.01). Mild-heat stimulation significantly increased the time spent in the light compartment, indicating an anti-anxiety effect. Serum corticosterone, IgE and IL-6 were increased after stress, and the amount of serotonin in the frontal c

关键词： Chronic Stress Anxiety Acupuncture Frontal Cortex Corticosterone

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Effect of Inhabitation Mouthwash Solution Containing Chlorine Dioxide (Pro Fresh<sup>®</sup>) on Oral Malodor

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Health 2015年第2期7卷 211-219页

作者： Masaki Sawa Senichi Suzuki Masakazu Azuma Tomoko Yoshizawa Kaiho Otomi takuji yamaguchi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Sawa Dental Office Aichi Japan Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Recently, the interest in oral malodor has been grown and the number of people having trouble with oral malodor is increasing year by year. Generally, as the branch of medicine which deals with patients complaining about oral malodor, dentistry is mostly chosen. On the current situation, however, the dental office side typically finds it difficult to deal with several kinds of oral malodor which show no improvement even though cavities or periodontal disease is completely cured. Main components to cause oral malodor are volatile sulfur compounds (methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide);in the present study, therefore, the effect of mouthwash solution containing chlorine dioxide to relieve oral malodor and increase saliva production was tested. The subjects were 92 patients (Control group: 2 males, 3 females, age;30.8 ± 4 years old, Mouthwash group: 28 males, 59 females, age: 36.9 ± 1.3 years old) who visited the hospital complaining about oral malodor. Intraoral gas, exhaled gas, the saliva production at rest, the ability for salivation and the buffering ability of saliva were examined twice, before the subjects used the mouthwash solution every day for one month. The simple chromatography oral chroma, which was insulated from the influence of temperature and humidity and also was able to measure with a high degree of accuracy, was used to measure odor as the device analysis method. The control group did not change in VSCs, saliva production and the buffering ability of saliva. After using mouthwash solution, the concentration of the 3 major components gas of intraoral gas and exhaled gas, i.e. methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, were all decreased. As for hydrogen sulfide, intraoral gas (from 225.8 ± 28.1 ppb to 41.1 ± 8.8 ppb) and exhaled gas (from 212.0 ± 50.4 ppb to 34.6 ± 16.6 ppb) was significantly decreased. Also, saliva production at rest (from 1.3 ± 0.1 ml to 1.7 ± 0.1 ml) and the ability to salivate (from 4.5 ± 0.3 ml to 5.1

关键词： Chlorine Dioxide Oral Malodor Volatile Sulfur Compounds Intraoral Gas Exhaled Gas

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Effects of Prolonged Night Shifts on Salivary <i>α</i>-Amylase, Secretory Immunoglobulin, Cortisol, and Chromogranin A Levels in Nurses

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Health 2014年第15期6卷 2014-2025页

作者： Yosuke Morita Hideko Aida takuji yamaguchi Masakazu Azuma Sennichi Suzuki Nobuhiro Suetake Takehiko Yukishita Keiko Lee Hiroyuki Kobayashi Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital Saitama Japan

Prolonged night shift is associated with high burnout rate, but the physiological effects of a 16 h shift remain undetermined. Here we evaluated fatigue and stress via salivary assays to determine the correlation between stress and fatigue and prolonged night shifts. Twenty-five nurses (9 men, 16 women;16 h night shift (n = 13), 8 h day shift (n = 12)) from Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital were evaluated for four consecutive workdays separated by off days. Salivary samples were collected upon waking and before sleep on non-working days, before and after the day and night shifts, and before and after the break during the nocturnal schedule, and analyzed for levels of cortisol, chromogranin A, α-amylase activity and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). On non-working days, cortisol levels showed similar kinetic pattern in both nurses. On working days, day-time nurses’ cortisol levels showed normal circadian pattern throughout the shift. Night nurses’ cortisol levels at the beginning of the shift were comparable to that of the normal morning elevation. α-Amylase activity in the night shift nurses was higher than day shift nurses through each period. No significant differences in chromogranin A and sIgA levels were detected between day and night shift workers. A 16 h night shift may cause marked circadian misalignment in cortisol levels.

关键词： Stress Salivary Markers Night Shift Work Nurse

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