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Mechanism of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第3期7卷 173-179页

作者： taku michael aida Yasuaki Kumagai Richard Lee Smith Jr Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringFukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka 814-0180Japan Research Center of Composite Material Fukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka814-0180Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan

Mechanisms of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions were investigated by comparing reactivities of sodium alginate(Na-ALG,960 ku)solutions and calcium alginate(Ca-ALG)gels as *** hydrothermal conditions(150°C),hydrolysis of Na-ALG gave product molecular weights of 223,66,26 and 17 ku while those of Ca-ALG gave product molecular weights of 340,102,45 and 31 ku for reaction times of 10,20,30 and 60 min,*** ratios of mannuronic acid(M)to guluronic acid(G)varied only slightly(from 1.3 to 1.2)for Na-ALG over the range of reaction times at 150°C,while ratios(M/G)for Ca-ALG exhibited a remarkable decrease(from 1.1 to 0.8).Diad sequence of alginate products obtained for Na-ALG were 17%,23%,27%and 31%(GG);30%,32%,36%and 38%(MM);and 53%,46%,37%and 32%(GM+MG);while for Ca-ALG they were 18%,22%,24%and 33%(GG);26%,23%,26%and 18%(MM);and 56%,54%,50%and 48%(GM+MG).Reaction mechanisms are proposed for hydrolysis of alginate solutions and alginate gels under hydrothermal conditions;de-polymerization of alginates into monomers and monomeric sequences can be controlled not only by hydrothermal conditions,but also by varying the physical state(solution,gel)of the starting materials.

关键词： Biomaterial Biopolymer De-polymerization High temperature water

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希腊城市患者人群研究显示雌激素受体（α和β受体）而非雄激素受体的表达水平与局限性晚期前列腺癌（T3NOMO）术后复发、进展和生存具有相关性

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 98-105,I0009,I0010页

作者： Georgios Megas michael Chrisofos Ioannis Anastasiou aida Tsitlidou Theodosia Choreftaki Charalampos Deliveliotis Department of Urology General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas" Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Attiko" Hospital Athens Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Laiko" Hospital Athens Greece Department of Pathology General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas" Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Sismanoglio" Hospital Athens Greece.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptors （ER（（α ） and ER（β）） and androgen receptors （ARs） as prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence, disease progression and survival in patients with pT3NOMO prostate cancer （PCa） in an urban Greek population. A total of 100 consecutive patients with pT3NOMO PCa treated with radical prostatectomy participated in the study. The mean age and follow-up were 64.2 and 6 years, respectively. The HSCORE was used for semi-quantitative analysis of the immunoreactivity of the receptors. The prognostic value of the ER（（α） and ER（β） and AR was assessed in terms of recurrence, progression, and survival. AR expression was not associated with any of the above parameters; however, both ERs correlated with the prognosis. A univariate Cox regression analysis showed that ER（α） positive staining was significantly associated with a greater hazard for all outcomes. Increased ER（β） staining was significantly associated with a lower hazard for all outcomes in the univariate analysis. When both ER HSCORES were used for the analysis, it was found that patients with high ER（α） or low ER（β） HSCORES compared with patients with negatively stained ER（α） and 〉1.7 hSCORE ER（β） had 6.03, 10.93, and 10.53 times greater hazard for biochemical disease recurrence, progression of disease and death, respectively. Multiple Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the age, preoperative prostate specific antigen, Gleason score and ERs were independent predictors of all outcomes. ER expression is an important prognosticator after radical prostatectomy in patients with pT3NOMO PCa. By contrast, AR expression has limited prognostic value.

关键词： androgen receptor estrogen receptor (α) estrogen receptor (β) locally advanced prostate cancer radical prostatectomy

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