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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako harada takayuki harada Visual Research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical *** data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental *** depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage *** suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation clinical

Role of animal models in glaucoma research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1257-1258页

作者： Atsuko Kimura Takahiko Noro takayuki harada Visual Research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye,and it presents with visual field defects accompanied by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).It is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide and affects 1 in 20 people over the age of *** is caused by multiple factors,but it is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure(IOP).Extensive studies have been carried out to discover therapeutic targets and to develop new drugs to treat ocular hypertension using experimental models of rodents(rats and mice)and non-human primates(e.g.,cynomologus,rhesus,or marmoset monkeys).

关键词： elevated degeneration drugs

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Seed biology

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第5期61卷 530-532页

作者： John harada Department of Plant Biology University of California

Seed biology is an intensive area of study,a reflection of the significance of seeds for several scientific *** an evolutionary perspective,the ability of plants to make seeds has conf erred major selective advantages,accounting,in part,for the success of seed plants as the largest and most species-rich group of land *** seed habit facilitates fertilization in non-aqueous environments,provides a level of physical and biological protect!on for the female gametophyte and embryo,allows for the massive accumulation of storage proteins,lipids,and/or carbohydrates in the embryo and/or endosperm to serve as a nutrient reserve for the germinating seed and developing seedling,and permits the embryo to remain in a developmentally arrested and metabolically quiescent state until environ mental conditions permit germination to occur(Steeves 1983).

关键词： Seed biology the ability of plants permit germination

Shot lining of magnesium alloy with hard powders

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第B07期20卷 708-712页

作者： Y.harada I.FUKUDA Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Yatsushiro National College of Technology

To improve the surface properties,lining of magnesium alloys with hard powders by shot peening was carried out in order. The hard powders were tried to bond to the workpiece surface due to the collision of many *** order to fix the hard powders to the surface of the workpiece,the powders were set on an uneven *** easily facilitate fixing of powders,lining of the workpiece with the powder sandwiched between two aluminum foil sheets was also *** this experiment,a centrifugal shot peening machine with an electrical heater was *** workpieces were magnesium alloys AZ31B and AZ91D,and the hard powders were commercial cemented carbide,alumina,and *** joinability of hard powders near the lined surface was observed by a optical *** wear resistance was also evaluated by a wear *** hard powders were successfully bonded to the surface of workpieces by the shot lining *** results show that the present method is effective in wear resistance of the magnesium alloys.

关键词： shot peening surface treatment lining joining joinability magnesium alloy hardness wear resistance cemented carbide ceramic

Systematic study on fabrication of hollow poly(vinyl cinnamate)particles by particulate interfacial photocrosslinking

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2022年第6期3卷 128-136页

作者： Yukiya Kitayama Atsushi harada Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Prefecture UniversitySakaiOsakaJapan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Metropolitan UniversitySakaiOsakaJapan

Hollow polymer particles are widely used in various industries as coatings and thermal insulation *** encapsulation capabilities of various functional molecules and/or nanomaterials also provide access to applications such as drug delivery,heat storage,and catalysis,as well as self-healing *** this study,we successfully fabricated hollow polymer particles from poly(vinyl cinnamate)(PVC)particles using LED light(λ=265 nm)through interfacial ***,we systematically studied the effect of various parameters(solid contents of parent particles,photoirradiation time,photoirradiation power,and polymer chain length)on the polymer shell thickness of the hollow PVC particles fabricated by interfacial *** findings are expected to further promote the use of hollow polymer particles in pharmaceutical and material applications.

关键词： interfacial photocrosslinking poly(vinyl cinnamate)

Comparing salinity tolerance in embryonic and larval development of two species of water strider, Aquarius paludum and Gerris latiabdominis （Hemiptera： Gerridae）

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 524-530页

作者： Manabu Kishi Tetsuo harada Kenji Fujisaki Laboratory of Insect Ecology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Laboratory of Environmental Physiology Faculty ofEducation Kochi University Kochi Japan

Water strider Aquarius paludum （Fabricius） is a cosmopolitan species colonizes mainly freshwater but occasionally brackish habitats throughout the Palearctic and Oriental regions. Water strider Gerris latiabdominis （Miyamoto） is a common species in Japan lives in temporary habitats as freshwater paddy fields. These two species often occur syntopically. We investigated differences in the developmental response to brackish water during embryonic and larval stages between the two species. Eggs were exposed to 0-1.8% NaC1 solutions within 24 h of oviposition. Larvae of G. latiabdominis were exposed to salinities of 0, 0.5%, and 0.9% from the first instar until adult emergence. Limits of NaC1 concentration for hatching were 1.3% and 1.0% for A. paludum and G. latiabdominis, respectively. The hatching rate of G. latiabdominis was lower than that ofA. paludum at salinities 〉0.9%. The period of embryonic development of G. latiabdominis was more prolonged than that ofA. paludum at a given salinity. Although the salinity tolerance of G. latiabdominis was lower than that ofA. paludum, our results suggest G. latiabdominis has the physiological capacity to expand into brackish waters. High and low salinity tolerances of A. paludum and G. latiabdominis, respectively, reflect the relatively wide range of habitat salinities utilized by A. paludum and the relatively restricted habitats preferred by G. latiabdominis. The high salinity tolerance ofA. paludum could be an important factor contributing to their cosmopolitan distribution because high tolerance to salinity means the possibility of them to be dispersed via ocean or sea to other continents and islands.

关键词： embryo larva salinity tolerance water strider

Identification of CO_2 disposal locations in an ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第1期28卷 15-24页

作者： XU Yongfu AOKI Shigeaki harada Koh State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundal7 Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistl＇y Institute of Atmos- pheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute for Environmental Management Technology National Institute for kdvanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuha lbaraki 305-8569 Japan

A basin-wide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific is used to identify which location is more efficient for ocean CO2 sequestration in the North *** injection depths at each one of fifteen locations are *** terms of effectiveness index（EI） and escape factor（EF）,it is clear that the effectiveness increases with increasing latitude at the end of the 50 a injection ***-by-site differences in the EI can be over 9% for the 1 000 m injection depth in the western North Pacific at the end of 50 a of continuous *** difference is much larger for the 500 m *** difference decreases with increasing injection ***,the site-by-site difference is small for the injection in the eastern North *** sequestration is more efficient for the injection in the east than in the *** the 500 m injection depth,the difference in effectiveness between the west and the east is over 10% at the end of 50 a injection *** largest concentration of sequestered CO2 increases with increasing injection *** the injection in both the western and central North Pacific,the largest exchange flux always appears to be at about 42°N,150°E,whereas for the injection in the eastern area the large flux appears to be in the equatorial region（120°W）.

关键词： ocean carbon disposal north Pacific Ocean numerical modelling sequestration

A PERIODICALLY LOCALIZED TRAVELING WAVE STATE OF BINARY FLUID CONVECTION WITH HORIZONTAL FLOWS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第2期18卷 199-205页

作者： NING Li-zhong QI Xin harada Yoshifumi YAHATA Hideo Institute of Hydraulic Engineering Xi＇an University of Technology Xi＇an 710048 China Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Engineering Fukui University Bunkyo 3-9-11 Fukui 910 Japan Department of Materials Science Faculty of Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739 Japan

In this paper, the convection structure in a rectangular channel with a horizontal flow was studied for the aspect ratio ГA=12 and the separation ratio ψ=-0.11. Our simulations were preformed by solving the hydrodynamic equations using the SIMPLE method. In the system of binary fluid convection with a horizontal flow, a Periodically Localized Traveling Wave （PLTW） state was found. It has similar behavior to classical Rayleigh-Benard convection in a binary fluid mixture, but the region and wave number of convection change periodically with time. The instability of PLTW depends on the Rayleigh number r and the intensity of horizontal flows Re for given ψ. Thus, the PLTW convection results from the competition between the horizontal flow and the counter-propagating wave near the onset of convection.

关键词： convection horizontal flow periodicity,localized traveling wave state

RESEARCH ON REFRACTORY SUPERALLOYS IN THE HTM 21 PROJECT

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第1期18卷 74-80页

作者： Y. Yamabe-Mitarai H. harada High-Temperature Materials Group National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 JapanHigh-Temperature Materials Group National Institute for Materials Science Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan

It was proposed that a new class of alloys based on platinum group metals (PGMs) were called refractory superalloys. These refractory superalloys have an fcc and L12 coherent two-phase structure (similar to that of Ni-based superalloys), high melting temperatures and good potential as structural materials used at temperatures up to 1800 ℃. Our recent results on the microstruc-ture evolution, deformation and fracture behavior of some of these refracotry superalloys, especial Ir- and Rh-base refractory superalloys were reported.

关键词： platinum group metals refractory superalloy microstructure deformation behavior