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Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia generation in full-scale swine wastewater purification facilities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 115-122页

作者： takashi Osada Makoto Shiraishi Teruaki Hasegawa Hirofumi Kawahara National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan Okayama Prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Misaki Okayama 709-3401 Japan Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center Yachimata Chiba 289-1113 Japan Saga Prefectural Higashimastuura Agricultural Development and Extension Center Karatsu Saga 847-0861 Japan

The activated sludge process to remove nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） is reportedly cost-effective for swine wastewater treatment, and it use has thus increased in pig farming. Nitrous oxide （N20） is generated on farms as an intermediate product in nitrification and denitrification, and methane （CH4） is also generated from organic degradation under anaerobic conditions by microorganisms in manure or wastewater. This study was carried out at five activated sludge treatment facilities across Japan between August 2014 and January 2015. Measurements were conducted over several weeks at wastewater purification facilities for swine farms： two in Chiba prefecture （East Japan）, two in Okayama prefecture （West Japan）, and one in Saga （Southern Japan）. Taking several environmental fluctuations into account, we collected measurement data continuously day and night, during both high-temperature and low-temperature periods. The results indicated that CH4 and N20 emission factors were 0.91% （kgCHa·kg volatile solids^-1） and 2.87% （g N2O-N·kg total N^-1）, respectively. Ammonia emissions were negligible in all of the measurements from the wastewater facilities. The N20 emission factor calculated under this experiment was low compared to our previous finding （5.0%; g N2O-N·kg N^-1） in a laboratory experiment. In contrast, the CH4 emission factor calculated herein was rather high compared to the laboratory measurements. There was great variation in daily GHG emission factors measured in the actual wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, the N2O emission rate was affected by several environmental conditions at each facility location, as well as by the management of the wastewater treatment.

关键词： Manure Greenhouse gas Denitrification BOD/NNitrous oxide Methane

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Influence of texture feature size on spherical silicon solar cells

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Rare Metals 2006年第z1期25卷 115-120页

作者： HAYASHI Shota MINEMOTO takashi TAKAKURA Hideyuki HAMAKAWA Yoshihiro College of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan

The effects of surface texturing on spherical silicon solar cells were investigated. Surface texturing for spherical Si solar cells was prepared by immersing p-type spherical Si crystals in KOH solution with stirring. Two kinds of texture feature sizes (1 and 5 μm pyramids) were prepared by changing stirring speed. After fabrication through our baseline processes, these cells were evaluated by solar cell performance and external quantum efficiency. The cell with 1 and 5 μm pyramids shows the short circuit current density (Jsc) value of 31.9 and 33.2 mA·cm-2, which is 9% and 13% relative increase compared to the cell without texturing. Furthermore, the cell with 5 μm pyramids has a higher open-circuit voltage (0.589 V) than the cell with 1 μm pyramids (0.577 V). As a result, the conversion efficiency was improved from 11.4% for the cell without texturing to 12.1% for the cell with 5 μm pyramids.

关键词： solar cell spherical silicon texturing alkali etching

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New Bulb Turbine with Counter-rotating Tandem-runner

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第5期25卷 919-925页

作者： HAN Fengqin YANG Lijing YAN Shijie KUBOAT takashi College of Electric Power South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Guangdong Technical College of Water Resources and Electric Engineering Guangzhou 510635 China

With the increasing demand for the clean sustainable power, the turbine design urgently turns to increase the capability significantly toward higher head for generating larger power. Currently, there are many studies in the field of the bulb turbine with single-stage runner, though reports about counter-rotating tandem-runner are rare. However, the further high-head application with the single-stage runner is very difficult to achieve due to the limit of the specific speed. In this paper, a new bulb turbine with the tandem-runner is designed in order to substantially increase the applicable limit toward higher head with larger power. A half of the net head is absorbed by the frontal runner which can generate output power, while the remaining half is absorbed by the rear runner. To generate the Euler energy required for the rear runner, the frontal runner has the counter-rotation against the rear runner so that the counter-rotating tandem-runner can meet the purpose of double head and power under the same size as the conventional bulb turbine. Supply and demand of Euler energy between the two runners are thoroughly optimized through the detailed flow analysis, in order to secure the stable operation. As a result, the interference of Euler energies between the outflow from the frontal runner and the inflow to the rear runner is confirmed to be very small on the counter-rotating interface between the two runners. The prediction method of on-cam performance between the two adjustable runners is also developed numerically, which provides optimal flow between the two runners. This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design and operation of the counter-rotating tandem-runner bulb turbines.

关键词： bulb turbine tandem-runner counter-rotating Euler energy power increase

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Need for multiple biomarkers to adjust parameters of closed-loop deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 747-748页

作者： takashi Morishita Tooru Inoue Department of Neurosurgery Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka Japan

Closed-loop deep brain stimulation（DBS）：DBS has been established as a surgical therapy for movement disorders and select neuropsychiatric *** efforts to improve the clinical outcomes of the procedure have been prev... 详细信息

关键词： DBS Need for multiple biomarkers to adjust parameters of closed-loop deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease deep

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Contemporary Currents in Japanese Machizukuri (Citizens Collaborative Community Improvements and Management) and Their Socio-Cultural Meanings

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Built Heritage 2017年第3期1卷 54-59页

作者： takashi Ariga Department of Architecture Faculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan

This paper studies the contemporary attempts of Japanese Machizukuri,Citizens Collaborative Community Improvement and Management,and their socio-cultural meanings in order to shed light on the sustainable planning approaches dealing with population ageing and *** recent years,as response measures for non-physical local issues such as environmental problems and welfare,and with the aim of further enhancing community-centred planning capabilities against a background of decentralisation in various fields and the establishment of civic society,new cooperative/collaborative-style planning theory is being *** this process,community improvement and management is becoming deeper,in terms of technology,systems,and *** study attempts to find out a solution to real-world problems-how to construct a comprehensive planning theory based on spatial and social challenges arising in modern civic communities,with local resources,social capital and systems that have resulted from such *** also seeks to show how to achieve a vision for the city as a whole by mutually compiling individual community improvement and management scenarios and programs,based on the autonomous determination and future vision of the organisations and residents that play leading roles in the community.

关键词： Machizukuri citizens collaborative community improvement and management civic society local resources social capital and systems interactive scenario making

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Synthesis of Sodium Beta Alumina Films by Heat Treatment of Sodium Aluminum Oxides

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2016年第1期31卷 6-10页

作者：池晨 Hirokazu KATSUI takashi GOTO Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology 430070 China Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan

Sodium beta alumina（Na-β-alumina） films were synthesized by heat treatment of NaAl6O（9.5）and γ-NaA1O2 films at temperatures of 1 373-1 573 ***-phase γ-NaA1O2 and NaAl6O（9.5） films were prepared by laser chemical vapor deposition at the deposition temperatures of 976 and 1 100 K,*** heat treatment of the films resulted in the formation of Na-β-alumina with α-Al2O3 at temperatures above 1 373 K for NaAl6O（9.5） and 1 473 K for γ-*** heat treatment at temperatures of 1 473-1 573 K,the faceted morphology with terraces of the as-deposited（110）-oriented γ-NaAlO2 films transformed to a porous morphology with platelet grains comprising Na-β-alumina and α-*** heat treatment at temperatures of1 373-1 473 K,the pyramidal,faceted grains of as-deposited NaAl6O（9.5） films transformed to planer,shapeanisotropic morphology in the film of mixed Na-β-alumina and α-Al2O3.A dense morphology was observed in both the as-deposited and heat-treated NaAl6O（9.5） films.

关键词： sodium beta alumina heat treatment chemical vapor deposition morphology

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Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 211-222页

作者： takashi Kobayashi Department of Urology Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan

Management of unresectable urothelial cancer(UC)has been a clinical challenge for *** drug resistance is a key issue,precise understanding of biology of UC metastasis is another challenge for the improvement of treatment outcome of UC *** of the cell biology concepts including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and cancer stemness seems to explain UC *** genetics based on gene expression profiling,next generation sequencing,and explosion of non-coding RNA world has opened the door to intrinsic molecular subtyping of *** steps include,based on the recently accumulated understanding,the establishment of novel disease models representing UC metastasis in various experimental platforms,particularly in vivo animal ***,novel knowledge molecular genetics has not been fully linked to the modeling of UC *** understanding of bladder carcinogenesis is needed particularly with regard to cell of origin related to tumor characteristics including driver gene alterations,pathological differentiations,and metastatic *** we will be able to establish better disease models,which will consequently lead us to further understanding of biology and eventually the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC metastasis.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Metastasis Epithelialmesenchymal transition Animal models

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An impact assessment of the COVID‑19 pandemic on Japanese and US hotel stocks

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2507-2557页

作者： takashi Kanamura Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability(GSAIS) Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

This study proposes two new regime-switching volatility models to empirically analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hotel stock prices in Japan compared with the US,taking into account the role of stock *** first model is a direct impact model of COVID-19 on hotel stock prices;the analysis finds that infection speed negatively affects Japanese hotel stock prices and shows that the regime continues to switch to high volatility in prices due to COVID-19 until September 2021,unlike US stock *** second model is a hybrid model with COVID-19 and stock market impacts on the hotel stock prices,which can remove the market impacts on regime-switching volatility;this analysis demonstrates that COVID-19 negatively affects hotel stock prices regardless of whether they are in Japan or the *** also observe a transition to a high-volatility regime in hotel stock prices due to COVID-19 until around summer 2021 in both Japan and the *** results suggest that COVID-19 is likely to affect hotel stock prices in general,except for the influence of the stock *** the market influence,COVID-19 directly and/or indirectly affects Japanese hotel stocks through the Japanese stock market,and US hotel stocks have limited impacts from COVID-19 owing to the offset between the influence on hotel stocks and no effect on the stock *** on the results,investors and portfolio managers should be aware that the impact of COVID-19 on hotel stock returns depends on the balance between the direct and indirect effects,and varies from country to country and region to region.

关键词： Hotel industry Asset price volatility COVID-19 Regime-switching Infection speed

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Toner Display Based on Movement of Tribo-electrically Charged Particles

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仪器仪表学报 2004年第S3期25卷 36-38+55页

作者： takashi Kitamura Information and Image Sciences Department Japan Chiba University 263-8522 Faculty of Engineering

The mechanism of toner display based on an electrical movement of black and white charged particles has been investigated. Two kinds of particles of black and white charged in the different electric polarity are enclosed in two ITO transparent electrodes using an insulating spacer. The particle movement is controlled by the external electric field applied between two transparent electrodes. The black toner is adhered on the electrode by an electrostatic force across the CTL to display a black image. The toners can be put back to the counter electrode by applying a reverse electric field, and a white image is formed. The black and white solid images are displayed by the switch of polarity of applied voltage in toner display cell. The polarity of charge and the value of charge to mass ratio of two particles were measured by observation of the particle separation on the surface-type electrodes and using q/m meter, respectively.

关键词： Toner display Electronic paper Particle

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Analysis of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Japan by SIQR model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 691-698页

作者： takashi Odagaki Kyushu University NishikuFukuoka819-0395 Research Institute for Science Education Inc.KitakuKyoto603-8346Japan

The SIQR model is exploited to analyze the outbreak of COVID-19 in Japan where the number of the daily confirmed new cases is explicitly treated as an *** is assumed that the society consists of four compartments;susceptible individuals(S),infected individuals at large(I),quarantined patients(Q)and recovered individuals(R),and the time evolution of the pandemic is described by a set of ordinary differential *** is shown that the quarantine rate can be determined from the time dependence of the daily confirmed new cases,from which the number of infected individuals can be *** infection rate and quarantine rate are determined for the period from mid-February to mid-April in Japan and transmission characteristics of the initial stages of the outbreak in Japan are analyzed in connection with the policies employed by the *** effectiveness of different measures is discussed for controlling the outbreak and it is shown that identifying patients through PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)testing and isolating them in a quarantine is more effective than lockdown measures aimed at inhibiting social interactions of the general *** effective reproduction number for infected individuals at large is introduced which is appropriate to epidemics controlled by quarantine measures.

关键词： Covid-19 SIQR model Quarantined patients Estimation of the number of infected individuals at large Controlling the outbreak Effectiveness of the quarantine measure Effective reproduction number

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