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COVID-19 vaccination and liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第48期28卷 6791-6810页

作者： Sotaro Ozaka takashi kobayashi Kazuhiro Mizukami Kazunari Murakami Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineOita UniversityYufu 879-5593OitaJapan Department of Infectious Disease Control Faculty of MedicineOita UniversityYufu 879-5593OitaJapan

Various vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been developed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic,several of which are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 in the general *** with chronic liver diseases(CLDs),particularly those with liver cirrhosis,are considered to be at a high risk for severe COVID-19 and *** the increased rates of disease severity and mortality in patients with liver disease,there is an urgent need to understand the efficacy of vaccination in this ***,the data regarding efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with CLDs is ***,several organ-specific or systemic immune-mediated side effects following COVID-19 vaccination,including liver injury similar to autoimmune hepatitis,have been recently *** the number of cases of vaccine-related liver injury is increasing,its frequency,clinical course,and mechanism remain ***,we review the current findings on COVID-19 vaccination and liver disease,focusing on:(1)The impact of COVID-19 in patients with CLD;(2)The efficacy,safety,and risk-benefit profiles of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with CLD;and(3)Liver injury following COVID-19 vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine Liver disease Side effect Liver injury Immune-related hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis

Epidemiology and Management of Drug-induced Liver Injury: Importance of the Updated RUCAM

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1239-1245页

作者： takashi kobayashi Michihiro Iwaki Asako Nogami Masato Yoneda Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan

Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a major cause of acute liver injury,liver failure,and liver transplantation *** recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors have become widely *** has led to an increase in DILI,for which pathophysiology and management methods differ significantly from the *** the number of cases of acute liver injury and liver transplantation due to DILI is expected to increase,information about a DILI is becoming more *** is classified into two types according to its etiology:intrinsic DILI,in which the drug or its metabolites cause liver damage that is dose-dependent and predictable;and idiosyncratic DILI,in which liver damage is also dose-independent but *** addition,depending on the course of the disease,chronic DILI or drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis may be *** number of DILI cases caused by antimicrobial agents is decreasing,whereas that caused by drugs for malignant tumors and health foods is *** Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method is widely used to assess causality in *** injury is a type of immune-related adverse *** pattern of hepatic injury in immune-related adverse events is mostly hepatocellular,but mixed type and bile stasis have also been *** cholangitis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors has also been reported as a unique type of *** mainly comprises withdrawal of immune checkpoint inhibitors and steroid administration;however,mycophenolate mofetil may be considered if the disease is refractory to steroids.

关键词： Drug-induced liver injury Immune-related adverse events Immune checkpoint inhibitor Updated RUCAM

Clinical management for malignant afferent loop obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第7期13卷 684-692页

作者： Arata Sakai Hideyuki Shiomi Atsuhiro Masuda takashi kobayashi Yasutaka Yamada Yuzo Kodama Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650-0017HyogoJapan

Afferent loop obstruction(ALO)is defined as duodenal or jejunal mechanical obstruction at the proximal anastomosis site of a *** advances in chemotherapy,the incidence of malignant ALO is *** ALO can be complicated by ischemia,gangrenous bowel,pancreatitis,and ascending ***,the general condition of patients with recurrent cancer is often ***,accurate and rapid diagnosis and minimally invasive treatments are ***,no review articles on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ALO have been *** literature searching,we reviewed related articles published between 1959 and 2020 in the PubMed ***,we present recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ALO and describe future *** transluminal self-expandable metal stent(SEMS)placement is considered the standard treatment for malignant ALO,as this procedure is well established and less ***,with the development of interventional endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)in recent years,the usefulness of EUS-guided gastrojejunostomy has been ***,through indirect comparison,this approach has been reported to be superior to transluminal SEMS *** is expected that a safer and less invasive treatment method will be established through the continued advancement and innovation of interventional endoscopy techniques.

关键词： Malignant afferent loop obstruction Endoscopic self-expandable metal stent placement Endoscopic ultrasound guided gastrojejunostomy Lumen-apposing metal stent

Pancreatolithiasis with an anatomic variant of Wirsung duct:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 585-587页

作者： Satoshi Yamamoto Kazuo Inui Yoshiaki Katano Senju Hashimoto Hironao Miyoshi takashi kobayashi Yoshihiko Tachi Department of Gastroenterology Fujita Health University Bantane HospitalOtoubashiNakagawa-kuNagoyaAichiJapan Department of Gastroenterology Yamashita HospitalNakamachiIchinomiyaAichiJapan Board Chairman Geriatric Health Services Facility YukiMizuhomachiHandaAichiJapan Department of Gastroenterology Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical CenterHarisakichoOkazakiAichiJapan

Introduction In contrast to familiar developmental anomalies,such as pancreatobiliary maljunction and pancreas divisum,a double orifice of the ampulla of Vater is a much more rare congenital *** encountered a patient with pancreatolithiasis associated with anatomic variation of Wirsung duct showing a single major duodenal papilla with a double orifice and no minor papilla.

关键词： Vater orifice congenital

Delayed immune-related sclerosing cholangitis after discontinuation of pembrolizumab:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3732-3738页

作者： Takeshi Tanaka Arata Sakai Masahiro Tsujimae Yasutaka Yamada takashi kobayashi Atsuhiro Masuda Yuzo Kodama Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650-0017HyogoJapan

BACKGROUND Secondary sclerosing cholangitis,characterized by biliary obstruction,can be caused by drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).While there a few reports of sclerosing cholangitis after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration,no case has been reported after discontinuation of such *** SUMMARY A 68-year-old man who underwent chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis presented with abdominal pain and fever 4 mo after the final administration of *** tomography revealed thickening of the gallbladder wall and dilatation of the common bile *** retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed an irregularly narrowed intrahepatic bile *** of the bile duct demonstrated that CD8+T cells were predominant over CD4+T *** biopsy showed dominant infiltration of CD8+T in the portal tract,but onion-skin lesions were not *** patient was diagnosed with immune-related sclerosing cholangitis induced by *** of methylprednisolone and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were performed,but the cholangiography and laboratory test findings did not *** further treatment was administered due to disease progression,and the patient was referred for palliative *** Immune-related sclerosing cholangitis may have a late onset,and such cases occurring after discontinuation of ICIs should be carefully managed.

关键词： Immune-related adverse events Sclerosing cholangitis Delayed immunerelated events Case report

Pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist lanifibranor as a dominant candidate pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第3期11卷 433-435页

作者： Masato Yoneda takashi kobayashi Nogami Asako Michihiro Iwaki Satoru Saito Atsushi Nakajima Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University HospitalKanazawa-kuYokohamaJapan

As obesity incidence increases worldwide,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common form of liver disease,with a reported global prevalence of 25.2%(1).Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is a severe form of ***,the precise natural history of NAFLD/NASH remains *** is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disorders and liver transplants and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk(2).As a result,it poses critical health issues globally from both medical and socioeconomic perspectives.

关键词： NAFLD liver cardiovascular

Tropifexor,a selective non-acid farnesoid X receptor agonist,improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a phase 2 trial,but several issues remain to be resolved

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第5期12卷 759-762页

作者： Masato Yoneda takashi kobayashi Naohiro Wada Tomohiro Otani Asako Nogami Michihiro Iwaki Atsushi Nakajima Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yokohama City University HospitalYokohamaJapan

As obesity continues to escalate worldwide,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most prevalent form of liver disease,with a reported global prevalence of 30.1%(1).The prevalence of NAFLD,which was around 25%in the 1990s,has been increasing year by year in recent years and has exceeded 35%in the past few years(1).The spectrum of disease includes nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL),characterized by macrovesicular hepatic steatosis that may be accompanied by mild inflammation,and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is additionally characterized by the presence of inflammation and cellular injury(2).

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) obesity nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) tropifexor selective non-acid farnesoid X receptor agonists(selective non-acid FXR agonists)

Overexpression of ETS-1 is associated with malignan＇ biological features of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 860-863页

作者： Bo Li Yosuke Shimizu takashi kobayashi Naoki Terada Koji Yoshimura Tomomi Kamba Yoshiki Mikami Takahiro Inoue Hiroyuki Nishiyama Osamu Ogawa Department of Urology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto 606-8507 Japan Minimally Invasive Urology Center Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250000 China Department of Urology Columbia University Herbert Irving Cancer Center New York NY 10032 USA Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto 606-8507 Japan Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan

E26 transformation-specific-1 （ETS-1）, an ETS family transcription factor, has been reported to play an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, but clinical implications of ETS-1 expression in prostate cancer （PCa）, particularly high-risk cases, including response to androgen-deprivation therapy （ADT） have yet to be elucidated. We examined the expression of ETS- 1 using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded prostate carcinoma tissue obtained by needle biopsy from 69 mostly advanced PCa patients. ETS-1 expression was compared with the clinicopathological characteristics of the 69 patients, including 25 who underwent ADT as a primary treatment. As a result, PCa patients with higher expression of ETS-1 were significantly more likely to be of high stage and high Gleason score （P〈O.05）. There was no significant association between ETS-1 expression and the initial prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level. In the 25 patients treated by ADT, the staining score for ETS-1 was significantly associated with rapid development of castration-resistant disease within 24 months （P〈O.05）, whereas the Gleason score and PSA level were not. In conclusion, increased ETS-1 expression was associated with a higher stage, higher Gleason score and shorter time to castration-resistant progression. These data suggest that immunostaining for ETS-1 could be a molecular marker for predicting a poor clinical outcome for PCa patients, oarticularlv those with hi^h-risk disease.

关键词： castration resistant E26 transformation-specific-1 (ETS-1) immunohistochemistry prostate cancer

Influence of the period between onset of IgA nephropathy and medical intervention on renal prognosis

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Health 2011年第8期3卷 518-523页

作者： Keiko Okazaki, Yusuke Suzuki takashi kobayashi Fumiko Kodama Satoshi Horikoshi Yasuhiko Tomino Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine

Background. The clinical course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is highly variable. In order to verify the necessity of early medical intervention in IgAN patients, the present study investigated the clinical impact of the duration between disease onset and first medical intervention on renal prognosis. Methods. We enrolled 57 patients diagnosed with IgAN on the basis of biopsy performed at our hospital. The medical records of these patients were traceable to the last 10 years, during which they had not undergone dialysis or treatment at any other hospital. On the basis of histological assessment of prognosis, these patients were classified according to the Japanese guidelines into the following groups: groups I, good prognosis;group II, relatively good prognosis;group III, relatively poor prognosis;and group IV, poor prognosis. We investigated the correlation between the duration of disease onset and the first consultation with a nephrologist and the rate of increase in serum creatinine over a 10 year period. In addition to the abovementioned patients, 6 patients with IgAN who underwent dialysis within the 10 years were separately evaluated. These patients came under the poor prognosis category;i.e., they belonged to group IV. Results. The duration between disease onset and medical consultation was significantly longer in younger patients or in those with asymptomatic proteinuria at onset when compared to that in older patients or in those with other urinary abnormalities. There was a significant correla tion between this duration and renal prognosis, particularly in group III patients. Although the duration between onset and consultation was not correlated to the serum creatinine level at the time of first medical intervention, urinary protein level among group IV patients at the time of first consultation was significantly higher in patients with dialysis than that in those without dialysis. Conclusions. Early medical intervention may lead to a better renal prognosis,

关键词： IgA Nephropathy Medical Intervention Diagnosis Prognosis