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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 416-420页

作者： LU Shu-guang IMAI Tsuyoshi UKITA Masao sekine Masahiko College of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Scienee and Technology Shanghai 200237 China. Department of Civil Engineering Yamaguchi University Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan

Two dry anaerobic digestions of organic solid wastes were conducted for 6 weeks in a lab-scale batch experiment for investigating the start-up performances under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The enzymatic activities, i.e., β-glucosidase, N-α-benzoyl-Largininamide （BAA）-hydrolysing protease, urease and phosphatase activities were analysed. The BAA-hydrolysing protease activity during the first 2-3 weeks was low with low pH, but was enhanced later with the pH increase. β-Glucosidase activity showed the lowest values in weeks 1-2, and recovered with the increase of BAA-hydrolysing protease activity. Acetic acid dominated most of the total VFAs in thermophilic digestion, while propionate and butyrate dominated in mesophilic digestion. Thermophilic digestion was confirmed more feasible for achieving better performance against misbalance, especially during the start-up period in a dry anaerobic digestion process.

关键词： anaerobic digestion enzymatic activity mesophilic solid wastes thermophilic

Exploring the hepatitis C virus genome using single molecule realtime sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4661-4672页

作者： Haruhiko Takeda Taiki Yamashita Yoshihide Ueda Akihiro sekine Department of Omics-based Medicine Center for Preventive Medical ScienceChiba UniversityChiba 260-0856Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8507Japan

Single molecular real-time(SMRT)sequencing,also called third-generation sequencing,is a novel sequencing technique capable of generating extremely long contiguous sequence *** conventional short-read sequencing cannot evaluate the linkage of nucleotide substitutions distant from one another,SMRT sequencing can directly demonstrate linkage of nucleotide changes over a span of more than 20 kbp,and thus can be applied to directly examine the haplotypes of viruses or bacteria whose genome structures are changing in real *** addition,an error correction method(circular consensus sequencing)has been established and repeated sequencing of a single-molecule DNA template can result in extremely high *** advantages of long read sequencing enable accurate determination of the haplotypes of individual viral *** sequencing has been applied in various studies of viral genomes including determination of the full-length contiguous genome sequence of hepatitis C virus(HCV),targeted deep sequencing of the HCV NS5A gene,and assessment of heterogeneity among viral ***,the emergence of multi-drug resistant HCV viruses has become a significant clinical issue and has been also demonstrated using SMRT *** this review,we introduce the novel third-generation PacBio RSII/Sequel systems,compare them with conventional next-generation sequencers,and summarize previous studies in which SMRT sequencing technology has been applied for HCV genome *** also refer to another long-read sequencing platform,nanopore sequencing technology,and discuss the advantages,limitations and future perspectives in using these thirdgeneration sequencers for HCV genome analysis.

关键词： Third generation sequencing PacBio RSII Single molecule real-time sequencing Hepatitis C virus Resistance-associated substitution Nanopore sequencer

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1223-1231页

作者： Evi Kurniati Novi Arfarita Tsuyoshi Imai Takaya Higuchi Ariyo Kanno Koichi Yamamoto Masahiko sekine Department of Agricultural Engineering Brawijaya University Division of Environmental Science and Sustainable Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Department of Agrotechnology Malang Islamic University

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2＋-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation. Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98% match to Aspergillusflavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury（II） contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5-7 and 25-35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury（II） contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2＋-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108 spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury（II） utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker （shaken） and non- shaken flasks （static） treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50% and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. *** strain KRPI seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury（II） through a biosorption mechanism.

关键词： Aspergillusflavus strain KRP1 biosorption mercury contaminant

Expressions of sonic hedgehog, patched, smoothened and Gli-1 in human intestinal stromal tumors and their correlation with prognosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5687-5691页

作者： Ayumi Yoshizaki Toshiyuki Nakayama Shinji Naito Chun-Yang Wen Ichiro sekine Department of Molecular Pathology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan Division of Pathology Research LaboratoryNational Ureshino Medical Center Saga Japan Department of Digestive Disease Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University Jilin 132011 Jilin Province China

AIM: To investigate the role that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which includes sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo) and Gli-1, plays in hu- man gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: Surgically resected specimens from pa- tients with GISTs, leiomyomas and schwannomas were examined by immunohistochemical staining for aberrant expression of hedgehog signaling components, Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli-1, respectively. RESULTS: In GISTs, 58.1% (18 of 31), 77.4% (24 of 31), 80.6% (25 of 31) and 58.1% (18 of 31) of the specimens stained positive for Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli-1, respectively. In leiomyomas, 92.3% (12 of 13), 92.3% (12 of 13), 69.2% (9 of 13) and 92.3% (12 of 13) stained positive for Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli-1, respectively. In schwannomas, 83.3% (5 of 6), 83.3% (5 of 6), 83.3% (5 of 6) and 100% (6 of 6) stained positive for Shh, Ptc, Smo and Gli-1, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expressions of Shh and Gli-1 were sig- nificantly higher in leiomyomas than in GISTs (P < 0.05, respectively). Shh expression strongly correlated with the grade of tumor risk category and with tumor size (P < 0.05, respectively). However, the expressions of Ptc and Smo did not correlate with histopathological differentiation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Hh sig- naling pathway may play an important role in myogenic differentiation and the malignant potential of human in-testinal stromal tumors.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Leiomyoma Schwannoma Hedgehog Immunohistochemistry

Delignification of disposable wooden chopsticks waste for fermentative hydrogen production by an enriched culture from a hot spring

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1361-1368页

作者： Kanthima Phummala Tsuyoshi Imai Alissara Reungsang Prapaipid Chairattanamanokorn Masahiko sekine Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Ariyo Kanno Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 7558611Japan Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Technology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40000 Thailand Environmental Technology Unit Department of Environmental Science Kasetsart University Bangkok 10903 Thailand Division of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 7558611 Japan

Hydrogen （H2） production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions, used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks （DWC） waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal （41%） was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released （67 mg/gpretreated DWC） in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumed and 1 16 mL Hz/（***）, respectively.

关键词： alkaline pretreatment disposable wooden chopsticks waste fermentative hydrogen production hot spring enriched culture

What Is the Universe Ultimately Made of?

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第3期7卷 1161-1181页

作者： Matsuo sekine Tokyo Japan

As the ultimate building blocks of the universe, the limit structureless quark u∞ and its anti-quark are considered at the infinite sublayer level of the quark model. Then CP is violated in the doublet of u∞ and u∞CP quarks to account for the asymmetry of the number of particles and anti-particles. This CP violation is explained by a SU(2) noncommutative geometry. The second, third and fourth generation quarks are considered only as the excited states of the first generation u∞ and u∞CP quarks. The fourth generation quarks are derived from both CPT transformation and the SU(2)L×U(1) gauge theory. The dark matter, quarks, leptons, gauge bosons and Higgs bosons are composed of only the u∞ and u∞CP quarks and the cosmological constant in Einstein’s field equation is also derived from the Higgs potential. Thus, the limit particle u∞ and its anti-particle u∞CP are the ultimate particles of the universe and produced thermally in the hot early universe of the Big Bang.

关键词： Non-Baryonic Quark Dark Matter Gauge Bosons Higgs Bosons Cosmological Constant

Response surface method for modeling the removal of carbon dioxide from a simulated gas using water absorption enhanced with a liquid-film-forming device

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 116-126页

作者： Diem-Mai Kim Nguyen Tsuyoshi Imai Thanh-Loc Thi Dang Ariyo Kanno Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Masahiko sekine Graduate School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Department of Environmental Science College of Sciences Hue University

This paper presents the results from using a physical absorption process to absorb gaseous CO2mixed with N2using water by producing tiny bubbles via a liquid-film-forming device（LFFD）that improves the solubility of CO2in *** influence of various parameters—pressure,initial CO2concentration,gas-to-liquid ratios,and temperature—on the CO2removal efficiency and its absorption rate in water were investigated and estimated thoroughly by statistical polynomial models obtained by the utilization of the response surface method（RSM）with a central composite design（CCD）.Based on the analysis,a high efficiency of CO2capture can be reached in conditions such as low pressure,high CO2concentration at the inlet,low gas/liquid ratio,and low *** instance,the highest removal efficiency in the RSM–CCD experimental matrix of nearly 80%occurred for run number 20,which was conducted at 0.30 MPa,CO2concentration of 35%,gas/liquid ratio of 0.71,and temperature of 15℃.Furthermore,the coefficients of determination,R^2,were 0.996 for the removal rate and 0.982 for the absorption rate,implying that the predicted values computed by the constructed models correlate strongly and fit well with the experimental *** results obtained provide essential information for implementing this method properly and effectively and contribute a promising approach to the problem of CO2capture in air pollution treatment.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Water dissolution Liquid-film Response surface method (RSM)

Evidence for Non-Baryonic Dark Matter

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第3期8卷 800-809页

作者： Matsuo sekine Tokyo Japan

There exists an infinite number of quarks u(∞) and anti-quarks at an infinite sub-layer level. These particles are considered as the ultimate building blocks of the universe, since they are structure-less and absolutely stable. These particles are also regarded as the non-baryonic dark matter, since the baryon number is zero and the Rp-parity is -1. It is emphasized that supersymmetric particle, neutralino has also the Rp-parity of -1 and well known good cold dark matter candidate. In modern particle physics, all ordinary particles have the Rp-parity of +1, while both the ultimate quark u(∞) and neutralino have the Rp-parity of -1. This means that these particles can only be created or annihilated in pairs in reactions of ordinary particles. From electron-positron annihilation experiments at high energies, it is shown that the prediction value from the ultimate quark u(∞) is in good agreement with many ring-storage collider experiments.

关键词： Non-Baryonic Dark Matter Negative Rp-Parity Neutralino Electon-Positron Experiment

Inactivation effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 as a novel disinfectant for water treatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1301-1306页

作者： Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Masahiko sekine Ariyo Kanno Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Hidenori Yamamoto Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 TokiwadaiYamaguchi 755-8611 Japan Faculty of Urban Engineering Central University of ConstructionTuy Hoa Phu Yen 56000 Vietnam

The inactivation effects of pressurized CO2 against bacteriophage Qβ and ФX 174 were investigated under the pressure of 0.3-0.9 MPa, initial concentration of 107-109 PFU/mL, and temperature of 17.8℃-27.2℃. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.7 MPa and an exposure time of 25 min. Under identical treatment conditions, a greater than 3.3-log reduction in bacteriophage Qβ was achieved by CO2, while a nearly 3.0 log reduction was observed for phage ФX174. The viricidal effects of N2O （an inactivation gas with similar characteristics to CO2）, normal acid （HC1）, and CO2 treatment with phosphate buffered saline affirmed the chemical nature of CO2 treatment. The pumping cycle, depressurization rate, and release of intracellular substances caused by CO2 were its viricidal mechanisms. The results indicate that CO2 has the potential for use as a disinfectant without forming disinfection by-products.

关键词： bacteriophage Qβ bacteriophage ФX174 pressurized CO2 viricidal effect microbubbles water disinfection