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Factors Determining the Detection Time to Flavor in Healthy Adults

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第3期4卷 114-119页

作者： Satomi Miyaoka takako yamazaki Naoko Ito Yozo Miyaoka Department of Eating Disorder and Dysphagia Graduate School of Rehabilitation Niigata University of Rehabilitation 2-16 Kaminoyama Murakami Japan Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare 1398 Shimami-cho Kita-ku Niigata Japan

This study analyzed the factors responsible for determining the flavor detection time for chewed semi-solid foods. Thirteen healthy young adults (eight males and five females) were asked to chew gummy candies with five different fruit flavors (i.e., apple, grape, orange, pear, and strawberry) in a random order. The detection time to flavor was measured using an electromyography-based system, which was recently developed by the authors. Briefly, each participant was recorded with surface masseter electromyograms on both sides to determine the start of chewing. Each participant was asked to press a button as soon as possible with his/her preferred hand after detecting the flavor. The time elapsed between the start of chewing and the button press was measured. Two taste components, sugars and organic acids, of the gummy candies were chemically analyzed, and two major sugars and organic acid were individually detected. The odor intensity was also analyzed for the gummy candies. The average detection time significantly differed among the five gummy candies and among the participants. Simple regression analyses revealed that the intensity of the odors was significantly associated with the average time intervals, but the amounts of the two major sugars and the organic acids were not. The analysis yielded the following equation for the regression estimation:?? (y = the time interval, x = the intensity of odors). The results suggest that the intensity of odors of the gummy candies, not the taste components, is responsible for determining the flavor detection time.

关键词： Flavor Detection Time Semi-Solid Food Masseter Electromyogram Chewing Human

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The Effect of Masseter Activity Patterns during Chewing on Suprahyoid Activity in Subsequent Chewing Cycles

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第2期4卷 69-74页

作者： Yozo Miyaoka Ichiro Ashida Hajime Iwamori Shin-ya Kawakami takako yamazaki Naoko Ito Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Department of Health and Nutrition University of Niigata Prefecture Niigata Japan

Few studies have evaluated the effects of activity patterns of the jaw closing muscles assessed by specific parameters on jaw opening in subsequent cycles during the chewing of food. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the effect of the masseter (jaw closer) activity patterns on suprahyoid (jaw opener) activity during subsequent cycles. The assessments were performed while participants naturally chewed six test foods that differed in size dimensions and textural properties. Surface electromyograms of the masseter (on the habitual working side) and suprahyoid muscles were recorded in ten healthy young adults, each of whom randomly received one of the six test foods. The activity patterns were assessed using three parameters specifically developed for their quantification. Changes in suprahyoid activity during each of the subsequent chewing cycles were examined by three amplitudinal (minimum, maximum, and net values of the integrated suprahyoid electromyogram) parameters and one durational (active duration) parameter. The main finding was that two of the three activity pattern parameters had a statistically significant effect only on the three amplitudinal parameters in three of the six test foods. These results suggest that masseter activity patterns partially affect suprahyoid activity during subsequent chewing cycles and that the effect is food dependent. A possible neural mechanism responsible for this effect is presented.

关键词： Masseter Activity Pattern Suprahyoid Textural Property Chewing Adult

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Quantitative Analysis of Relationships between Masseter Activity during Chewing and Textural Properties of Foods

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 144-149页

作者： Yozo Miyaoka Ichiro Ashida Yuko Tamaki Shin-ya Kawakami Hajime Iwamori takako yamazaki Naoko Ito Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Department of Health and Nutrition University of Niigata Prefecture Niigata Japan.

The aim of this study was to quantify the relationships between four physiological parameters of masseter activity during chewing and properties related to the sizes and textures of the six representative test foods. The physiological parameters analyzed were the number of chewing cycles, chewing time, masseter amplitude, and cycle duration, which were obtained from masseter surface electromyography recorded in ten (seven male and three female) healthy, young participants. The six test foods differed in size dimensions (length, width, and height) and in textural properties (hardness, fracturability, and adhesiveness). The quantitative relationships were examined using linear regression. Nine statistically significant regression coefficients were found between the four physiological parameters and the textural properties, but not the height, of the test foods. From the regression coefficients, contributions of the food properties to the physiological parameters were estimated. Individual relationships between the physiological parameters and textural properties of the test foods are discussed in relation to their physiological implications.

关键词： Surface Electromyogram Masseter Physiological Parameters Chewing Textural Properties Human

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Classification of Masseter Activity Patterns during Chewing in Healthy Young Adults: The Effect of Taste Signals

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第5期3卷 432-439页

作者： Yozo Miyaoka Ichiro Ashida takako yamazaki Naoko Ito Yuko Tamaki Shin-ya Kawakami Hajime Iwamori Department of Health and Nutrition Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Department of Health and Nutrition University of Niigata Prefecture Niigata Japan

This study examined the effects of the textural properties and chemical components of foods on masseter activity patterns. Ten healthy young participants (seven men and three women) were asked to chew four gummy candies with different flavors while their masseter activities were recorded by a surface electromyogram. The masseter activity patterns during chewing were analyzed quantitatively using a TP technique, generating three TP values (T25, T50 and T75). The textural analysis included four representative properties, and six sugars and four organic acids were tested in the chemical analysis. The hierarchical cluster analysis classified the T25 and T75 values into four subclusters and classified the T50 values into three subclusters. Two T75 subclusters differed significantly in the combined amounts of the two predominant sugars (sucrose and maltose);however, these T75 subclusters did not differ in their organic acid contents or textural properties. Therefore, sucrose and maltose affect masseter activity patterns during chewing, particularly in the later stage of masseter activity.

关键词： Taste Chewing Surface Electromyogram Masseter Activity Pattern Cluster Analysis Human

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gastrointestinal symptom prevalence depends on disease duration and gastrointestinal region in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第36期23卷 6694-6704页

作者： Midori Fujishiro Akifumi Kushiyama Hiroki yamazaki Sunao Kaneko Yuko Koketsu Takeshi Yamamotoya takako Kikuchi Hideyuki Sakoda Ryo Suzuki Takashi Kadowaki Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Division of Diabetes and Metabolism Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Shinko Hospital Department of Medical Science Graduate School of Medicine University of Hiroshima Division of Neurology Respirology Endo-crinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki

AIM To unravel relationships between gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms impairing quality of life(QOL)and clinical profiles of diabetes mellitus(DM)patients. METHODS We enrolled 134 outpatients with type 2 *** age was 64.7 years,mean body mass index was 24.7 RESULTS Lower abdominal symptoms were found to be more frequent than those affecting the upper *** duration and medications showed associations with GI *** identified differences in peak prevalences of the five ***(P=0.02vs 10-14 years)and total GI symptoms(P=0.01 and P=0.02 vs 5-9 years and 10-14 years,respectively)peaked at a diabetes duration of 15-19 ***(P=0.004)and postprandial fullness(P=0.03)tended to increase with disease *** and diarrhea showed bimodal peaks,with the first early and the second late(e.g.,P=0.03 at 15-19 years vs 10-14years for diarrhea)in the disease ***,GI symptoms showed clustering that reflected the region of the GI tract affected,i.e.,constipation and diarrhea had similar frequencies(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of questioning patients about QOL impairment due to abdominal symptoms,especially in the early and the late periods of diabetes.

关键词： Gastrointestinal symptoms Questionnaire survey Disease duration Type 2 diabetes Quality of life Gastrointestinal tract regions

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Threshold dynamics of reaction-diffusion partial differential equations model of Ebola virus disease

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第8期11卷 235-264页

作者： Kazuo yamazaki University of Rochester Department of Mathematics Rochester NY 14627 USA

We study the reaction-diffusion Ebola PDE model that consists of equations that govern the evolution of susceptible, in fee ted, recovered and deceased human individuals, as well as Ebola virus pathogens in the environment, with diffusive terms in all except the equation of the deceased human individuals. Under the setting of a spatial domain that is bounded, we prove the global well-posedness of the system;in contrast to the previous work on similar models such as cholera, avian influenza, malaria and dengue fever, diffusion coefficients may be different. Moreover, we derive its basic reproduction number, and under the condition that the diffusion coefficients of the susceptible and infected hosts are same, we prove the global stability of the disease-free-equilibrium, and uniform persistence in cases when the basic reproduction number lies beneath and above one, respectively. Again, we do not require that the diffusion coefficients of the recovered hosts be the same as the diffusion coefficients of the susceptible and infected hosts, in contrast to previous work on other models of infectious diseases. Another technical difficulty in our model is that the solution semiflow is not compact due to the lack of diffusion in the equation of the deceased human individuals;we overcome this difficulty using functional analysis techniques concerning Kura to wski measure of non-compactness.

关键词： Basic reproduction number Ebola persistence stability

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Evaluation of interfacial strength by an instrumented indentation method and its application to an actual TBC vane

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第2期24卷 109-117页

作者： Yasuhiro yamazaki Shin-ichiro KUGA Toshihiko YOSHIDA Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Department of Advanced Production Systems Engineering Niigata Institute of Technology Graduate School Ryodensya Co.

The thermal fatigue behaviour of an air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating was investigated. And also the interfacial strengths of thermal barrier coated specimens subjected to thermal fatigue, as well as a retired TBC vane were also evaluated by means of an instrumented indentation machine. The results indicated that, （1） the TGO grew at the interface during thermal fatigue cycle as a function of the exposure time at elevated temperature; （2） the microcracks were initiated in the top coating and at the interface after thermal cycle tests; （3） the interfacial strength of TBC, which was evaluated by the indentation method, increased with the thermal cycles; （4） the interfacial strength of the retired TBC vane was almost equal with that of the as-sprayed TBC specimen.

关键词： Thermal barrier coating Interfacial fracture toughness Indentation method

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Electron scattering by Friedel oscillations in carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 889-897页

作者： Takumi Inaba Takahiro Morimoto Satoshi yamazaki Toshiya Okazaki CNT-Application Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba 305-8565Japan Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials Tsukuba 305-8565Japan

Multi-walled carbon nanotube networks were confirmed to exhibit a linear decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature from 100 to above 400 *** linearity was explained using a defect scattering model that involved Friedel oscillations(that is,electron-electron interactions).The applicability of this model,which was originally proposed for graphene,to carbon nanotubes was assessed based on a comparison of various experimental *** in the slopes of the resistivity-temperature plots following the introduction of defects,as well as an effect of charge concentration on the slope were key predictions of this *** results obtained from few-walled carbon nanotube networks are also *** the literature,linear resistivity-temperature plots were obtained from other graphene derivatives,indicating that the linearity originates from the hexagonal symmetry of these *** present work also indicated a relationship between the appearance of linearity and negative magnetoresistance above 100 *** on a mechanism incorporating scattering in association with Friedel oscillations and conventional electron conduction models,the universality of resistivity-temperature plots obtained from carbon nanotube networks is introduced.

关键词： carbon nanotube electron transport electron-electron interaction Friedel oscillations magnetoresistance

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Project Scheduling Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Fuzzy Logic Controller in SCM Environment

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2003年第1期8卷 19-29页

作者： Mitsuo Gen KwanWoo Kim Genji yamazaki Graduate School of Information Production & Systems Waseda UniversityDepartment of Intelligent Systems Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Intelligent Systems Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Kitakyushu 808-0135 Japan Hino-city Tokyo 190-0065 Japan Hino-city Tokyo 190-0065 Japan

In supply chain management (SCM) environment, we consider a resource-constrained project scheduling problem (rcPSP) model as one of advanced scheduling problems considered by a constraint programming technique. We develop a hybrid genetic algorithm (hGA) with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to solve the rcPSP which is the well known NP-hard problem. This new approach is based on the design of genetic operators with FLC through initializing the serial method which is superior for a large rcPSP scale. For solving these rcPSP problems, we first demonstrate that our hGA with FLC (flc-hGA) yields better results than several heuristic procedures presented in the literature. We have revealed a fact that flc-hGA has the evolutionary behaviors of average fitness better than hGA without FLC.

关键词： resource-constrained project scheduling problem (rcPSP) priority rule method (PRM) hybrid genetic algorithm (hGA) fuzzy logic controller (FLC)

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Trace element composition in tuite decomposed from natural apatite in high-pressure and high-temperature experiments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第12期57卷 2922-2927页

作者： ZHAI ShuangMeng XUE WeiHong Daisuke yamazaki MA Fang Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior Okayama University

Tuite has been suggested as a potential reservoir for trace elements in the deep mantle,but no evidence confirms this *** using a natural apatite as starting material,the trace-element-bearing tuite large crystals were obtained under highpressure and high-temperature conditions(15 GPa and 1800 K).X-ray diffraction pattern and Micro-Raman spectrum of the run product confirm that tuite was *** concentrations of trace elements in tuite crystals were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS).The rare earth element patterns of tuite show enrichment of light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth *** shows high concentrations of Th and Sr,and negative anomalies of Rb,Nb,and *** results show that tuite can accommodate a large amount of trace *** might be an important host to accommodate trace elements if there is much apatite subducted into the deep mantle.

关键词： tuite trace elements high-pressure and high-temperature

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