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Smart Meter Deployment Threat and Vulnerability Analysis and Response

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 199-213页

作者： Steven Dougherty takaki saitoh Cyber Security Architect Energy & Utilities Global Center of Competency Global Business Services Sacramento 95814California USA Registered Management Consultant Registered Professional Engineer Global Technology Services Osaka 5340000 Japan

Advanced intelligent or ＂smart＂ meters are being deployed in Asia. A result of deployment of smart meters, with associated equipment, is the electric power industry faced with new and changing threats, vulnerabilities and re-evaluate traditional approaches to cyber security. Protection against emerging cyber-security threats targeting smart meter infrastructures will increase risk to both the utility and customer if not addressed within initial rollouts. This paper will discuss the issues in SMI （smart meter infrastructures） deployments that pertain to cyber security. It will cover topics such as the threats to operations, infrastructure, network and people and organization and their associated risks. SMI deployments include not only the smart meter, but also the interfaces for home energy management systems as well as communication interfaces back to the utility. Utilities must recognize and anticipate the new threat landscape that can attack and compromise the meter and the associated field network collectors. They must also include threats to the WAN （wide-area-network） backhaul networks, smart meter headends, MDMS （meter data management systems） and their interfaces to CIS （customer information systems） and billing and OMS （outage management systems）. Lessons learned from SMI implementations from North America, Europe and recently, Japan, will be discussed. How white-box and black-box testing techniques are applied to determine the threat impact to the SMI. Finally, organizational change risk will be discussed and how utilities have responded to re-organizing and developing a security governance structure for the SMI and other smart grid applications.

关键词： Smart meter infrastructure cyber security risk assessment threat analysis meter vulnerability security operation center privacy.

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Improving the performance of conventional base isolation systems by an external variable negative stiffness device under near-fault and long-period ground motions

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第4期19卷 985-1003页

作者： Sandhya Nepal Masato saitoh Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University255 Shimo-OkuboSakura-kuSaitamaJapan

Recent studies have shown that base-isolated objects with long fundamental natural periods are highly influenced by long-period earthquakes. These long-period waves result in large displacements for isolators, possibly leading to exceedance of the allowable displacement limits. Conventional isolation systems, in general, fail to resist such large displacements. This has prompted the need to modify conventional base isolation systems. The current work focuses on the development of an external device, comprising a unit of negative and positive springs, for improving the performance of conventional base isolation systems. This unit accelerates the change in the stiffness of the isolation system where the stiffness of the positive spring varies linearly in terms of the displacement response of the isolated objects. The target objects of the present study are small structures such as computer servers, sensitive instruments and machinery. Numerical studies show that the increase in the damping of the system and the slope of the linear function is effective in reducing the displacement response. An optimal range of damping values and slope, satisfying the stability condition and the allowable limits of both displacement and acceleration responses when the system is subjected to near-fault and long-period ground motions simultaneously, is proposed.

关键词： base isolation near-fault earthquakes long-period earthquakes negative stiffness variable stiffness

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Geometric-phase-induced arbitrary polarization and orbital angular momentum generation in helically twisted birefringent photonic crystal fiber

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Photonics Research 2020年第8期8卷 1278-1288页

作者： TAKESHI FUJISAWA KUNIMASA saitoh Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido UniversityJapan

The evolutions of polarization and orbital angular momentum(OAM)states of light in helically twisted birefringent photonic crystal fibers(TB-PCFs)are *** is shown that a circular polarization(CP)component(S3 of a Stokes parameter)is periodically excited when usual linearly polarized(LP)modes of PCF are *** excitation originates from a geometric phase in *** S3 excitation is larger for larger linear birefringence for a fixed twisting *** the linear birefringence is large enough,a CP filtering behavior can be seen in addition to the S3 *** the analytical consideration of the sign of the geometric phase,the TB-PCF with periodical inversion of twisting is proposed to generate arbitrary polarization state on the Poincaré***,an OAM state generation in multimode TB-PCFs is shown for higher-order LP mode *** observing a far-field interference pattern from TB-PCF mixed with LP01 mode,a vortex associated with the OAM state can be *** to the single-mode case,by using periodical twisting inversion,efficient OAM generation is *** results indicate that by simply launching fiber’s LP mode into TB-PCF,arbitrary polarization and OAM states can be generated,leading to a novel mechanism for the manipulation of the spatial state of light.

关键词： polarization fiber momentum

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Model tests and numerical analyses on horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles embedded in cohesionless soil

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第1期12卷 143-154页

作者： Chandra Shekhar Goit Masato saitoh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Saitama University

Horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles are measured experimentally for model soil-pile systems with both the effects of local soil nonlinearity and resonant *** practical pile inclinations of 5掳 and 10掳 in addition to a vertical pile embedded in cohesionless soil and subjected to lateral harmonic pile head loadings for a wide range of frequencies are *** obtained with low-to-high amplitude of lateral loadings on model soil-pile systems encased in a laminar shear box show that the local nonlinearities have a profound impact on the horizontal impedance functions of *** impedance functions of inclined piles are found to be smaller than the vertical pile and the values decrease as the angle of pile inclination *** values of horizontal impedance functions are obtained for the ＇positive＇ and ＇negative＇ cycles of harmonic loadings,leading to asymmetric force-displacement relationships for the inclined *** of these experimental results is carried out through three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses,and the results from the numerical models are in good agreement with the experimental *** analyses conducted on the numerical models suggest that the consideration of local nonlinearity at the vicinity of the soil-pile interface influence the response of the soil-pile systems.

关键词： inclined single piles harmonic loads horizontal impedance functions local nonlinearity finite element model

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Mass balance of saline lakes considering inflow loads of rivers and groundwater: the case of Lake Issyk-Kul, Central Asia

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第12期13卷 1260-1273页

作者： Kei saitoh Rysbek SATYLKANOV Kenji OKUBO Beppu Geothermal Research Laboratory Institute for Geothermal SciencesGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityOita 8740903Japan Tien Shan High Mountain Research Center Institute of Water Problem and Hydropower of National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz RepublicBishkek 720033Kyrgyzstan Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama UniversityOkayama 7008530Japan

This study aimed to elucidate the influence of inflow water on the salinity concentration process of a saline lake and the mass balance of Lake Issyk-Kul,a tectonic saltwater lake in *** on the survey results and meteorological data from 2012 to 2015,we analyzed the dissolved chemical composition loads due to water ***,we discussed the relationship between the increase in salinity and water inflow into the *** the water quality analysis data,we used the tank model to estimate the river inflow and analyze the loads by the L-Q *** groundwater loads were then estimated from the average annual increase in salinity of the lake over a period of 30 *** results suggest that Lake Issyk-Kul was temporarily freshened between about AD 1500 and 1800 when an outflowing river existed,and thereafter,it became a closed lake in AD 1800 and continued to remain a saline lake until *** chemical components that cause salinization are supplied from the rivers and groundwater in the catchment area,and when they flow into the lake,Ca^(2+),HCO_(3)−and Mg^(2+)precipitate as CaCO_(3) and MgCO_(3).These compounds were confirmed to have been left on the lakeshore as *** model analysis showed that 1.67 mg/L of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)supplied from rivers and groundwater are precipitated as evaporite and in other forms per *** the other hand,salinity continues to remain in the lake water at a rate of 27.5 mg/L per *** are the main causes of increased salinity in Lake *** Na^(+)and Cl^(-)are considered to be derived from geothermal water,they will continue to flow in regardless of the effects of human ***,as long as these components are accumulated in Lake Issyk-Kul as a closed lake,the salinity will continue to increase in the future.

关键词： groundwater geothermal water mass balance salinity saline lake L-Q curve

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Vertical impedance functions of pile groups under low-to-high loading amplitudes:numerical simulations and experimental validation

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第3期22卷 647-666页

作者： Usama Zafar Chandra Shekhar Goit Masato saitoh Riku Fukuda School of Science and Engineering Saitama University255 Shimo-OkuboSaitamaJapan

Piles in a group experience additional displacements in soil due to pile-to-pile interactions apart from those resulting from the external *** effect of these interactions determined assuming soil as an elastic and/or viscoelastic material on pile head impedance functions of the pile group is studied by relating the group stiffness to the static stiffness of a single ***,the prevailing elastic solutions may misestimate the resulting pile group response due to the lack of consideration for either soil(material)and/or soil-pile interface *** is well established that soil behaves nonlinearly under moderate-to-high loading amplitudes,and besides,the soil-pile interface nonlinearity can exist even at small loading *** study addresses the effects of these nonlinearities on the vertical impedance functions of a 3×3-pile group using numerical methods by direct analyses and superposition using pile-to-pile interaction *** numerical results are validated using scaled model tests under 1 g *** results highlight the overestimation of pile-to-pile interactions in the pile group when assuming elastic soil *** cases either by direct analyses or superposition approach involving soil and soil-pile interface nonlinearities agree well with the experimental pile group responses under close-to-elastic and nonlinear conditions.

关键词： impedance functions numerical simulations model-scale experiment superposition approach soil-pile interface nonlinearity

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Synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques for in situ measurement of hydride formation under several gigapascals of hydrogen pressure

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第36期59卷 5290-5301页

作者： Hiroyuki saitoh Akihiko Machida Katsutoshi Aoki Quantum Beam Science Directorate Japan Atomic Energy Agency Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-kuSendai 980-8577 Japan

The high-pressure technique is a fundamental tool for realizing novel phase transitions, chemical reactions, and other exotic phenomena. Hydrogenation is one example of a high-pressure reaction; at high pressures of several gigapascals, hydrogen becomes chemically active and reacts with metals and alloys to form hydrides. This paper covers a high-pressure study of the hydrogenation process and the synthesis of hydrides using a cubic-type multi-anvil apparatus. The experimental details of a hydrogenation cell assembly, high-temperature and highpressure generation, and an in situ observation technique are presented. These experiments are conducted with the aid of in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements operated in an energy-dispersive mode in the conventional manner for time-resolved measurements and a newly developed angle-dispersive mode for observation of the crystal growth process during formation of metal hydrides. Two successful cases of high-pressure hydrogenation are presented: aluminum hydride, Al H3, and an aluminum-based alloy hydride, Al2 Cu Hx, which are potential candidates for hydrogen storage materials.

关键词： X射线衍射技术金属氢化物原位测量氢气压力同步加速器同步辐射X射线衍射高压技术晶体生长过程

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Activation of protein kinase A alters subnuclear distribution pattern of human steroidogenic factor 1 in living cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第7期117卷 1017-1022页

作者：刘伟范吴强 Toshihiko Yanase Masayuki saitoh 吴茵 Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Department of Geriatric Medicine

Background The aim of this study was to identify the subnuclear distribution pattern of human orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) in living cells with and without the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway, and thus try to explain the unknown mechanism by which PKA potentiates SF-1 transactivation. Methods Full-length cDNAs of wild type and a naturally occurring mutant (G35E) human SF-1 were cloned and fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Subcellular distribution pattern of human SF-1 in living cells, whose PKA signaling was either activated or not, was studied by laser confocal microscopy after the validity of the gene sequence was *** The transactivation ability of the GFP-SF-1 chimeric protein was highly conserved. Wild type human SF-1 diffused homogeneously within the nuclei of cells when PKA was not active, and converged to clear foci when PKA was activated. Mutant SF-1 diffused within the nuclei even in the presence of PKA activation, surprisingly aggregating as fluorescent dots inside the nucleoli, a phenomenon not altered by *** Activation of PKA causes wild type, but not mutant SF-1 to alter its subnuclear distribution pattern to a transactivationally active form (foci formation). This finding may throw new light on the mechanism by which PKA activates the orphan nuclear receptor.

关键词： steroidogenic factor 1· protein kinase A· green fluorescent protein

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Influence of Gaps Between Multiple Floating Bodies on Wave Forces

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China Ocean Engineering 2000年第4期15卷 407-422页

作者：缪国平 H. Ishida T. saitoh Professor Department of Civil Engineering Kanazawa University Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Kanazawa University

The present study aims to give general hints about hydrodynamic interactions for water wave diffraction on a super large floating structure composed of a large number of box-shaped modules with many small gaps in between. And meanwhile, it also aims to seek for an effective way to take the gap influence into consideration without numerical difficulties existing in conventional methods. An asymptotic matching technique is exploited by virtue of the smallness of gaps. Formal potential solutions are established for the near field around the gap ends and the far field away from gap ends, respectively, and the unknowns in those solutions are uniquely determined by asymptotic matching. The eigen-function expansion method is used for the outer far field and a series of pulsating sources at each gap end is introduced to simulate the gap influence. Strong hydrodynamic interaction is observed and a new resonant phenomenon, the mechanism of which differs absolutely from any known ones, is revealed in the present study. Sharp peak responses for both vertical and horizontal wave-exciting forces on each block are found around some special resonance frequencies, which depend on the draft of the structure and the gap width. The present results are of practical significance to the design of links (connectors) of modules for super large floating structures. And the importance is also closely related to the hydro-elasticity analysis for super large floating structures, in which local loads may be as important as the integrated loads.

关键词： super large floating structure wave interaction resonance gap influence

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Associations of body mass index and hospital-acquired disability with post-discharge mortality in older patients with acute heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第3期19卷 209-217页

作者： Akihiro Sakuyama Masakazu saitoh Kentaro Hori Yuichi Adachi Keigo Iwai Masatoshi Nagayama Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health ScienceJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Rehabilitation Sakakibara Heart InstituteTokyoJapan Department of Cardiology Sakakibara Heart InstituteTokyoJapan

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of hospital-acquired disability(HAD)on all-cause mortality after discharge according to the body mass index(BMI)in older patients with acute decompensated heart *** We included 408 patients aged≥65 years who were hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure and had undergone an acute phase of cardiac rehabilitation at the Sakakibara Heart Institute between April 2013 and September 2015(me-dian age:82 years,interquartile range(IQR):76-86;52%male).Patients were divided into three groups based on BMI at hospital admission:underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),normal weight(18.5 to 25 kg/m^(2)),and overweight(≥25 kg/m^(2)).HAD was defined as a decrease of at least five points at discharge compared to before hospitalization according to the Barthel *** The median follow-up period was 475(IQR:292-730)days,and all-cause mortality during the follow-up period was 84 deaths(21%).According to multivariate Cox regression analysis,being underweight(HR:1.941,95%CI:1.134−3.321,P=0.016)or overweight(HR:0.371,95%CI:0.171−0.803,P=0.012),with normal BMI as the reference,and HAD(HR:1.857,95%CI:1.062−3.250,P=0.030)were independently associated with all-cause *** with HAD exhibited a significantly lower cumulative survival rate in the underweight group(P=0.001)and tended to have a lower cumulative survival rate in the normal weight group(P=0.072).HAD was not significantly associated with cumulative survival in the overweight group(P=0.392).CONCLUSIONS BMI and HAD independently predicted all-cause mortality after discharge in older patients with acute de-compensated heart ***,HAD was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality after discharge,espe-cially in the underweight group.

关键词： patients acute index

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