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植物根系特征与根区土壤水分高通量监测管道机器人研制

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农业工程学报 2024年第6期40卷 192-202页

作者：颜小飞王韵博宋晓波向梓薇杜太生程强北京林业大学工学院北京100083 中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院北京100083 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083

研究水分胁迫下的根系特征对于节水农业的发展具有重大意义。针对现有根系观测与土壤水分监测方法难以满足野外条件下根系和根区水分的同步、原位、高通量监测的不足,该研究研制了一种基于STM32芯片的管道机器人系统。系统由管道机器人... 详细信息

研究水分胁迫下的根系特征对于节水农业的发展具有重大意义。针对现有根系观测与土壤水分监测方法难以满足野外条件下根系和根区水分的同步、原位、高通量监测的不足,该研究研制了一种基于STM32芯片的管道机器人系统。系统由管道机器人、数据基站与PVC透明管道组成,通过在土壤中埋设管道机器人系统,控制机器人搭载的微距相机与土壤水分传感器在巡航时拍摄根系图像,并获取土壤水分数据。由根系图像识别分割与提取程序对图像进行畸变校正与根系识别,获取管道方向上植株的根系面积、长度与密度等特征参数。实验室条件下进行相机拍摄效果、图像畸变校正、识别与分割误差及里程轮测距误差测试,以及土壤水分传感器标定试验。测试结果表明:1)管道机器人能够清晰地拍摄到根系图像,图像畸变校正效果较好,单个像素点长度和面积分别为44μm和0.002 mm^(2),单张根系图像的拍摄范围为14.17 mm×10.60 mm;2)土壤水分传感器输出电压与土壤体积含水率之间呈现良好线性关系,决定系数R^(2)为0.990;3)自主巡航定位准确度较高,平均相对误差为1.47%。在田间条件下进行的根系生长动态监测、根系信息提取、土壤水分监测与电池续航试验表明:1)管道机器人系统能够在田间环境下高通量地拍摄根系图像,监测根系的生长动态,并进一步提取出根系长度、面积、根面积密度等特征参数;2)根区土壤水分监测较为准确,测量结果与烘干法结果平均相对误差为2.23%;3)在系统初始满电量状态下,管道机器人系统独立运行时长不少于7 d,最大巡航监测距离约为48 m。本文研制的管道机器人系统可在田间条件下实现根系特征以及根区土壤水分的原位、高通量测量,为节水灌溉与根系生长研究提供技术支持。

关键词：机器人土壤水分图像识别根系特征高通量

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A Full-Scale Optimization of a Crop Spatial Planting Structure and its Associated Effects

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 139-152页

作者： Qi Liu Jun Niu taisheng du Shaozhong Kang Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733000China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100083China

Driven by the concept of agricultural sustainable development,crop planting structure optimization(CPSO)has become an effective measure to reduce regional crop water demand,ensure food security,and protect the ***,traditional optimization of crop planting structures often ignores the impact on regional food supply–demand relations and interprovincial food ***,using a system analysis concept and taking virtual water output as the connecting point,this study proposes a theoretical CPSO framework based on a multi-aspect and full-scale evaluation index *** this end,a water footprint(WF)simulation module denoted as soil and water assessment tool–water footprint(SWAT-WF)is constructed to simulate the amount and components of regional crop WFs.A multi-objective spatial CPSO model with the objectives of maximizing the regional economic water productivity(EWP),minimizing the blue water dependency(BWFrate),and minimizing the grey water footprint(GWFgrey)is established to achieve an optimal planting *** various benefits,a fullscale evaluation index system based on region,province,and country scales is *** an entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)comprehensive evaluation model,the optimal plan is selected from a variety of CPSO *** proposed framework is then verified through a case study of the upper–middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Gansu province,*** combining the theory of virtual water trading with system analysis,the optimal planting structure is *** sacrificing reasonable regional economic benefits,the optimization of the planting structure significantly improves the regional water resource benefits and ecological benefits at different scales.

关键词： Planting structure optimization Full-scale evaluation index system Water footprint SWAT-WF module Interprovincial food trade Entropy weight TOPSIS

Marginal land bioethanol production of sweet sorghum based on limited water resources in Northwest China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第3期15卷 132-138页

作者： Xinjie Shi taisheng du Pingguo Dong Tiemin Hu Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuwei 733000GansuChina

Sweet sorghum is considered a leading non-grain candidate for bioethanol production due to its low input requirement,good tolerance,high biomass potential,and high sugar ***,insufficient studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production potential considering the water resources *** presented a multi-factor analysis method not only considering terrain,meteorology,soil,and crop natural growth habits but also considering the local water resource to explore the available marginal land suitable for sweet sorghum cultivation and assess the bioethanol production potential in Northwest *** results showed that 4.63×10^(7)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum *** the constraint of local water resources,2.76×10^(6)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting,accounting for 4.7%of the total available marginal *** 1.23×10^(10)L bioethanol could be produced on ***,for these districts under low water stress levels,9.79×10^(5)hm^(2)available marginal land in Gannan Tibet AP and Longnan of Gansu and Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia was considered a priority to develop sweet sorghum-based bioethanol,and 5.56×10^(9)L bioethanol could be produced in these districts,which can satisfy the 1.54%biofuel goal for 2050 of China.

关键词： bioethanol potential marginal land sweet sorghum regional water stress levels water resources limitation

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河北低平原适水粮饲模式构建及综合效益评价

中国农业大学学报 2024年第7期29卷 181-192页

作者：杨晓琳王语萌石恒煜李庆祥王显国杜太生中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院/农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室北京100083 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院北京100193

为推进“粮改饲”进程与发展节水农业,构建适水型种植制度,本研究以水资源短缺的河北沧州为研究对象,聚焦饲草作物和粮食作物,首先利用作物需水模型SIMETAW系统量化1961—2020年沧州地区6种主要饲草作物(夏播高粱、青贮玉米、饲用燕麦... 详细信息

为推进“粮改饲”进程与发展节水农业,构建适水型种植制度,本研究以水资源短缺的河北沧州为研究对象,聚焦饲草作物和粮食作物,首先利用作物需水模型SIMETAW系统量化1961—2020年沧州地区6种主要饲草作物(夏播高粱、青贮玉米、饲用燕麦、饲用谷子、粮食作物冬小麦和夏玉米)的需水量及灌溉需水量,对比分析各作物需水量的时间变化规律及作物间差异,评估作物需水量的主要气象影响因素;后采用ROTAT模型建立了5种多样化粮-饲及饲-饲轮作制度,基于Entropy-TOPSIS对不同轮作模式的等价产量、生物量、经济效益、蛋白产出、生育期及周年需水量与降水耦合度进行综合评价。结果表明:1)这6种作物的年均生育期需水量表现为冬小麦(463.5 mm)>夏玉米(366.2 mm)>夏播高粱(354.6 mm)>饲用燕麦(351.7 mm)>青贮玉米(341.8 mm)>饲用谷子(322.4 mm)。2)各作物年均生育期灌溉量表现为冬小麦>饲用燕麦>谷子、夏玉米、夏播高粱。青贮玉米生育期灌溉需水量最低为106.7 mm。3)近60年来各作物需水量呈下降趋势,主要由太阳辐射、风速的下降导致。4)相比传统麦玉模式,饲用燕麦基的一年两熟模式生育期需水量降低14.9%~18.8%、灌溉需水量降低15.1%~19.2%。5)饲用燕麦基的饲草模式(饲用燕麦-青贮玉米(0.73)、饲用燕麦-饲用谷子(0.63)、饲用燕麦-夏播高粱(0.54))的综合评价指数均明显高于冬小麦-夏玉米(0.32)和冬小麦-夏播高粱(0.37)模式。因此,本研究建议在兼顾粮食生产的同时,适当发展饲-饲模式,对当地水资源的可持续利用及产能有重要意义。

关键词：饲草作物需水量灌溉需水量节水粮饲模式节水种植结构

Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第5期9卷 637-650页

作者： QIU Rangjian du taisheng KANG Shaozhong Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

Furrow irrigation is a traditional widely-used irrigation method in the world. Understanding the dynamics of soil water distribution is essential to developing effective furrow irrigation strategies, especially in water-limited regions. The objectives of this study are to analyze root length density distribution and to explore soil water dynamics by simulating soil water content using a HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake for furrow irrigated tomato plants in a solar greenhouse in Northwest China. Soil water contents were also in-situ observed by the ECH_2O sensors from 4 June to 19 June and from 21 June to 4 July, 2012. Results showed that the root length density of tomato plants was concentrated in the 0–50 cm soil layers, and radiated 0–18 cm toward the furrow and 0–30 cm along the bed axis. Soil water content values simulated by the HYDRUS-2D model agreed well with those observed by the ECH_2O sensors, with regression coefficient of 0.988, coefficient of determination of 0.89, and index of agreement of 0.97. The HYDRUS-2D model with the calibrated parameters was then applied to explore the optimal irrigation scheduling. Infrequent irrigation with a large amount of water for each irrigation event could result in 10%–18% of the irrigation water losses. Thus we recommend high irrigation frequency with a low amount of water for each irrigation event in greenhouses for arid region. The maximum high irrigation amount and the suitable irrigation interval required to avoid plant water stress and drainage water were 34 mm and 6 days, respectively, for given daily average transpiration rate of 4.0 mm/d. To sum up, the HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake can be used to improve irrigation scheduling for furrow irrigated tomato plants in greenhouses in arid regions.

关键词： root length density distribution HYDRUS-2D model soil water content irrigation scheduling greenhouse

Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 515-529页

作者： BO Xiaodong du taisheng DING Risheng Louise COMAS Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Water Management Research United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration a

关键词： seed-maize sap flow capacitance transfer function model time lag stored water use

基于水氮管理与种植结构优化的作物丰产高效管理策略

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农业工程学报 2022年第16期38卷 144-152页

作者：陈世超刘文丰杜太生中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站武威733000

河西走廊农业生产受到水资源短缺与农业资源利用效率低的限制,制约着该地区的种子、粮食生产与农业可持续发展战略。该研究构建了考虑作物水氮需求量、降雨量、土壤初始含氮量的水氮管理制度优化方法,并结合所构建的考虑空间尺度作物产... 详细信息

河西走廊农业生产受到水资源短缺与农业资源利用效率低的限制,制约着该地区的种子、粮食生产与农业可持续发展战略。该研究构建了考虑作物水氮需求量、降雨量、土壤初始含氮量的水氮管理制度优化方法,并结合所构建的考虑空间尺度作物产量与水氮利用效率的多目标种植结构优化方法,为河西走廊制种玉米、大田玉米和小麦制定丰产高效的水氮管理与种植结构调整策略,从而实现作物产量和水氮利用效率的协同提升。结果显示:优化的水氮管理制度相比管理现状可减少单位面积灌水量9.1%~27.3%、施氮量26.6%~50.0%;以作物产量和水氮利用效率最大为目标,以种植面积、产量需求和水氮投入量为约束,调整制种玉米、大田玉米和小麦的种植面积与空间分布,优化后制种玉米和小麦种植面积减少、大田玉米种植面积增加,总种植面积减少4874.8 hm^(2),且作物种植空间分布较优化前差异明显;水氮管理与种植结构优化协同作用可以在水氮用量分别减少0.29×10^(9) m^(3)和3.36×10^(7) kg的情况下,作物总产量提升0.16×10^(9) kg,区域灌溉水生产力和氮肥利用效率分别提升0.62 kg/m^(3)和18.97 kg/kg。该研究可以为产粮区和缺水区的作物丰产高效和农业可持续发展提供科学指导与决策参考。

关键词：作物灌溉优化种植结构水氮管理灌溉水生产力氮肥利用效率

Responses of water productivity to irrigation and N supply for hybrid maize seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 504-514页

作者： RAN Hui KANG Shaozhong LI Fusheng du taisheng DING Risheng LI Sien TONG Ling Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of

关键词： water use efficiency water stress nitrogen use efficiency evapotranspiration water productivity for yield water productivity for biomass arid region

Quantitative analysis of irrigation water productivity in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第5期12卷 119-125页

作者： Donghao Li taisheng du Yue Cao Manoj Kumar Shukla Di Wu Xiuwei Guo Shichao Chen Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA

With the growing shortage of surface water resources,it is of great significance for improving the irrigation water productivity(IWP)to ensure the water and food *** contribution of the driving factors of the IWP and the rational regulation of the input factors of agricultural production is *** this paper,118 and 80 sampling points were selected in Pingchuan and Liaoquan irrigation districts(PLID,the spacing of sampling point is approximately 1 km)and the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin(MHRB,the spacing of sampling point is approximately 10 km),*** characteristics and management measures near the sampling points were *** showed that the average value of the IWP in MHRB was 1.67 kg/m3,with a moderate heterogeneity in the *** main driving factors of IWP were irrigation,fertilization and planting *** the PLID,the contribution rates of soil factors and management measures to IWP were 20.6%and 35.2%,respectively,and the contribution of soil factors to IWP increased to 43.8%in the MHRB,while the contribution rate of management measures decreased to 24.8%.It shows that in a small irrigation districts,from the perspective of farmers,the improvement of IWP should be mainly controlled by management measures,while in the large area of watershed scale,the spatial differences in soil factors also need to be considered by the government management departments,when they want to increase IWP through regulating management measures.

关键词： irrigation water productivity driving factors quantitative analysis partial least squares maize