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A Full-Scale Optimization of a Crop Spatial Planting Structure and its Associated Effects

Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 139-152页

作者： Qi Liu Jun Niu taisheng du Shaozhong Kang Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733000China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100083China

Driven by the concept of agricultural sustainable development,crop planting structure optimization(CPSO)has become an effective measure to reduce regional crop water demand,ensure food security,and protect the ***,traditional optimization of crop planting structures often ignores the impact on regional food supply–demand relations and interprovincial food ***,using a system analysis concept and taking virtual water output as the connecting point,this study proposes a theoretical CPSO framework based on a multi-aspect and full-scale evaluation index *** this end,a water footprint(WF)simulation module denoted as soil and water assessment tool–water footprint(SWAT-WF)is constructed to simulate the amount and components of regional crop WFs.A multi-objective spatial CPSO model with the objectives of maximizing the regional economic water productivity(EWP),minimizing the blue water dependency(BWFrate),and minimizing the grey water footprint(GWFgrey)is established to achieve an optimal planting *** various benefits,a fullscale evaluation index system based on region,province,and country scales is *** an entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)comprehensive evaluation model,the optimal plan is selected from a variety of CPSO *** proposed framework is then verified through a case study of the upper–middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Gansu province,*** combining the theory of virtual water trading with system analysis,the optimal planting structure is *** sacrificing reasonable regional economic benefits,the optimization of the planting structure significantly improves the regional water resource benefits and ecological benefits at different scales.

关键词： Planting structure optimization Full-scale evaluation index system Water footprint SWAT-WF module Interprovincial food trade Entropy weight TOPSIS

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Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第5期9卷 637-650页

作者： QIU Rangjian du taisheng KANG Shaozhong Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

Furrow irrigation is a traditional widely-used irrigation method in the world. Understanding the dynamics of soil water distribution is essential to developing effective furrow irrigation strategies, especially in water-limited regions. The objectives of this study are to analyze root length density distribution and to explore soil water dynamics by simulating soil water content using a HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake for furrow irrigated tomato plants in a solar greenhouse in Northwest China. Soil water contents were also in-situ observed by the ECH_2O sensors from 4 June to 19 June and from 21 June to 4 July, 2012. Results showed that the root length density of tomato plants was concentrated in the 0–50 cm soil layers, and radiated 0–18 cm toward the furrow and 0–30 cm along the bed axis. Soil water content values simulated by the HYDRUS-2D model agreed well with those observed by the ECH_2O sensors, with regression coefficient of 0.988, coefficient of determination of 0.89, and index of agreement of 0.97. The HYDRUS-2D model with the calibrated parameters was then applied to explore the optimal irrigation scheduling. Infrequent irrigation with a large amount of water for each irrigation event could result in 10%–18% of the irrigation water losses. Thus we recommend high irrigation frequency with a low amount of water for each irrigation event in greenhouses for arid region. The maximum high irrigation amount and the suitable irrigation interval required to avoid plant water stress and drainage water were 34 mm and 6 days, respectively, for given daily average transpiration rate of 4.0 mm/d. To sum up, the HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake can be used to improve irrigation scheduling for furrow irrigated tomato plants in greenhouses in arid regions.

关键词： root length density distribution HYDRUS-2D model soil water content irrigation scheduling greenhouse

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Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 515-529页

作者： BO Xiaodong du taisheng DING Risheng Louise COMAS Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Water Management Research United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration a

关键词： seed-maize sap flow capacitance transfer function model time lag stored water use

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Marginal land bioethanol production of sweet sorghum based on limited water resources in Northwest China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第3期15卷 132-138页

作者： Xinjie Shi taisheng du Pingguo Dong Tiemin Hu Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuwei 733000GansuChina

Sweet sorghum is considered a leading non-grain candidate for bioethanol production due to its low input requirement,good tolerance,high biomass potential,and high sugar ***,insufficient studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production potential considering the water resources *** presented a multi-factor analysis method not only considering terrain,meteorology,soil,and crop natural growth habits but also considering the local water resource to explore the available marginal land suitable for sweet sorghum cultivation and assess the bioethanol production potential in Northwest *** results showed that 4.63×10^(7)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum *** the constraint of local water resources,2.76×10^(6)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting,accounting for 4.7%of the total available marginal *** 1.23×10^(10)L bioethanol could be produced on ***,for these districts under low water stress levels,9.79×10^(5)hm^(2)available marginal land in Gannan Tibet AP and Longnan of Gansu and Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia was considered a priority to develop sweet sorghum-based bioethanol,and 5.56×10^(9)L bioethanol could be produced in these districts,which can satisfy the 1.54%biofuel goal for 2050 of China.

关键词： bioethanol potential marginal land sweet sorghum regional water stress levels water resources limitation

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Responses of water productivity to irrigation and N supply for hybrid maize seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 504-514页

作者： RAN Hui KANG Shaozhong LI Fusheng du taisheng DING Risheng LI Sien TONG Ling Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of

关键词： water use efficiency water stress nitrogen use efficiency evapotranspiration water productivity for yield water productivity for biomass arid region

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第1期3卷 55-64页

作者： Hui RAN Shaozhong KANG Fusheng LI Ling TONG taisheng du Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index(HI) of maize for seed production with plastic filmmulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant(KN) was signi ficantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity signi ficantly increased stem partitioning index(PI_(stem)) and leaf partitioning index(PIl_(eaf)), and decreased ear partitioning index(PI_(ear)) at harvest, but lowering Nrate(from 500 to 100 kg N$hm^(–2))did not signi ficantly reduce PI_(stem), PI leaf, andPIl_(eaf) at harvest. HI was signi ficantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing Nrate. Linear relationships were found between KN, PI_(stem), PI leaf,PIl_(eaf) at harvest and HI and evapotranspiration(ET).

关键词： yield components biomass partitioning harvest index irrigation nitrogen maize for seed production

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Quantitative analysis of irrigation water productivity in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第5期12卷 119-125页

作者： Donghao Li taisheng du Yue Cao Manoj Kumar Shukla Di Wu Xiuwei Guo Shichao Chen Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA

With the growing shortage of surface water resources,it is of great significance for improving the irrigation water productivity(IWP)to ensure the water and food *** contribution of the driving factors of the IWP and the rational regulation of the input factors of agricultural production is *** this paper,118 and 80 sampling points were selected in Pingchuan and Liaoquan irrigation districts(PLID,the spacing of sampling point is approximately 1 km)and the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin(MHRB,the spacing of sampling point is approximately 10 km),*** characteristics and management measures near the sampling points were *** showed that the average value of the IWP in MHRB was 1.67 kg/m3,with a moderate heterogeneity in the *** main driving factors of IWP were irrigation,fertilization and planting *** the PLID,the contribution rates of soil factors and management measures to IWP were 20.6%and 35.2%,respectively,and the contribution of soil factors to IWP increased to 43.8%in the MHRB,while the contribution rate of management measures decreased to 24.8%.It shows that in a small irrigation districts,from the perspective of farmers,the improvement of IWP should be mainly controlled by management measures,while in the large area of watershed scale,the spatial differences in soil factors also need to be considered by the government management departments,when they want to increase IWP through regulating management measures.

关键词： irrigation water productivity driving factors quantitative analysis partial least squares maize

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Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces unproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第2期5卷 188-196页

作者： Shaoqing du Ling TONG Shaozhong KANG Fusheng LI taisheng du Sien LI Risheng DING Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI)can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However,the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts(400 and500 mm) and three irrigation methods(conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal *** differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation apple tree leaf water use efficiency root length density stomatal conductance water potential

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PLANT DENSITY,IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT:THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH-WEST CHINA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第4期8卷 525-544页

作者： Xiuwei GUO Manoj Kumar SHUKLA Di WU Shichao CHEN Donghao LI taisheng du Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Plant and Environmental Sciences Department New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental ***,we investigate current maize production at the field scale,analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors,and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield *** experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-west China,managed with border and drip irrigation,respectively,in 2015 and *** relative yield reached 70%in both ***,drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation,accounting for 44%of the maize evapotranspiration(ET).Yield variability under drip irrigation was12.1%,lower than the 18.8%under border *** line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8%to 10%might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting *** density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors *** conclusion,closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic,irrigation and fertilizer management,using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

关键词： boundary line analysis irrigation method precision agriculture spatial variability yield gaps yield-limiting factors

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Influence of plastic film mulching and planting density on yield,leaf anatomy,and root characteristics of maize on the Loess Plateau

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 548-564页

作者： Li Niu Yanyan Yan Peng Hou Wenbo Bai Rulang Zhao Yonghong Wang Shaokun Li taisheng du Ming Zhao Jiqing Song Wenbin Zhou Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Crops Research InstituteYongning 750105NingxiaChina

In rainfed areas of northwestern China,maize production is constrained mainly by low temperature during early growth and water limitation during the entire growth *** film mulching is commonly used to increase maize yield in this area,because it increases topsoil temperature and moisture content as well as water use ***,the physiological and anatomical bases of maize yield improvement with plastic film mulching are not well *** effects of plastic film mulching and planting density on maize yield,photosynthetic characteristics,respiration,leaf anatomy,and root growth were studied in a two-year field experiment conducted on the Loess Plateau of China in 2017 and *** experiment used a split-split plot design with two mulching treatments(plastic film mulching and no mulching),two planting densities(7.5×104 and10.5×104 plants ha-1),and two maize cultivars,Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu *** with no mulching,plastic film mulching increased maize yields by 31.1%–46.4%in 2017 and3.6%–34.7%in *** with low planting density,high planting density significantly increased and slightly reduced yields of both cultivars in the dry year 2017 and the rainy year 2018,*** film mulching increased photosynthesis and respiration as well as leaf stomatal density and *** rate,dark respiration,and stomatal conductance and aperture were lower at high planting than at low planting *** yield was positively correlated with photosynthesis,dark respiration,and stomatal *** increased root dry weight and length in the 0–20 cm soil layer and root activity at ***,the changes in root growth and leaf anatomy resulted in increased photosynthesis and dark respiration,and the increased photosynthesis contributed to the increase in grain yield and biomass production under plastic film mulching *** results increase understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which plas

关键词： planting cultivar anatomy

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