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nickel oxide thin films grown by chemical deposition techniques: Potential and challenges in next-generation rigid and flexible device applications

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InfoMat 2021年第5期3卷 536-576页

作者： Mari napari tahmida n.huq Robert L.Z.Hoye Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Centre for Electronics Frontiers Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Department of Materials Imperial College LondonLondonUK

nickel oxide(niOx),a p-type oxide semiconductor,has gained significant attention due to its versatile and tunable *** has become one of the critical materials in wide range of electronics applications,including resistive switching random access memory devices and highly sensitive and selective sensor *** addition,the wide band gap and high work function,coupled with the low electron affinity,have made niOx widely used in emerging optoelectronics and p-n *** properties of niOx thin films depend strongly on the deposition method and *** implementation of niOx in next-generation devices will require controllable growth and processing methods that can tailor the morphological and electronic properties of the material,but which are also compatible with flexible *** this review,we link together the fundamental properties of niOx with the chemical processing methods that have been developed to grow the material as thin films,and with its application in electronic *** focus solely on thin films,rather than niOx incorporated with one-dimensional or two-dimensional *** review starts by discussing how the p-type nature of niOx arises and how its stoichiometry affects its electronic and magnetic *** discuss the chemical deposition techniques for growing niOx thin films,including chemical vapor deposition,atomic layer deposition,and a selection of solution processing approaches,and present examples of recent progress made in the implementation of niOx thin films in devices,both on rigid and flexible ***,we discuss the remaining challenges and limitations in the deposition of device-quality niOx thin films with chemical growth methods.

关键词： atomic layer deposition chemical vapor deposition electronics nickel oxide solution processing thin films

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Antiferromagnetism and p-type conductivity of nonstoichiometric nickel oxide thin films

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InfoMat 2020年第4期2卷 769-774页

作者： Mari napari tahmida n.huq Tuhin Maity Daisy Gomersall Kham M.niang Armin Barthel Juliet E.Thompson Sami Kinnunen Kai Arstila Timo Sajavaara Robert L.ZHoye Andrew J.Flewitt Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Electrical Engineering Division Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Physics University of JyvaskylaJyvaskylaFinland Zepler Institute for Photonics and nanoelectronics University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

nickel oxide(niO)is one of the most studied transition metal oxides due to its versatile chemical and electronic properties,enabling it to be used in a wide variety of *** its stoichiometric form,niO is an antiferromagnetic insulator,with resistivity up to 10^13Ωcm.1 When ni vacancies are introduced,the nonstoichiometric nickel oxide becomes a semiconductor.

关键词： atomic layer deposition chemical vapor deposition nickel oxide solution deposition thin films

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Comparison of sampling designs for calibrating digital soil maps at multiple depths

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 588-601页

作者： Yakun ZHAnG Daniel D.SAURETTE Tahmid huq EASHER Wenjun JI Viacheslav I.ADAMCHUK Asim BISWAS University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveMadison WI 53706USA School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Road EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1Canada College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9Canada

Digital soil mapping (DSM) aims to produce detailed maps of soil properties or soil classes to improve agricultural management and soil quality assessment. Optimized sampling design can reduce the substantial costs and efforts associated with sampling, profile description, and laboratory analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare common sampling designs for DSM, including grid sampling (GS), grid random sampling (GRS), stratified random sampling (StRS), and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS). In an agricultural field (11 ha) in Quebec, Canada, a total of unique 118 locations were selected using each of the four sampling designs (45 locations each), and additional 30 sample locations were selected as an independent testing dataset (evaluation dataset). Soil visible near-infrared (Vis-nIR) spectra were collected in situ at the 148 locations (1 m depth), and soil cores were collected from a subset of 32 locations and subdivided at 10-cm depth intervals, totaling 251 samples. The Cubist model was used to elucidate the relationship between Vis-nIR spectra and soil properties (soil organic matter (SOM) and clay), which was then used to predict the soil properties at all 148 sample locations. Digital maps of soil properties at multiple depths for the entire field (148 sample locations) were prepared using a quantile random forest model to obtain complete model maps (CM-maps). Soil properties were also mapped using the samples from each of the 45 locations for each sampling design to obtain sampling design maps (SD-maps). The SD-maps were evaluated using the independent testing dataset (30 sample locations), and the spatial distribution and model uncertainty of each SD-map were compared with those of the corresponding CM-map. The spatial and feature space coverage were compared across the four sampling designs. The results showed that GS resulted in the most even spatial coverage, cLHS resulted in the best coverage of the feature space, and GS and cLHS resu

关键词： 3D digital soil mapping conditioned Latin hypercube sampling grid sampling quantile random forest model stratified random sampling

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A bio-informatics study of the c25 cysteine protease family

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Open Journal of Genetics 2012年第4期2卷 18-22页

作者： K J. Cross n L. huq E C. Reynolds Bio21 and Oral Health CRC University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Australia

The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as one of the major aetiological agents of chronic periodontitis. The gingipains, which are the principal virulence factors of P. gingivalis, are multi-domain proteins containing an n-terminal C25 cysteine protease domain. We have conducted a bio-informatics study of the C25 cysteine protease domains and have identified related domains in over two thousand proteins from 739 organisms in 35 distinct phyla. Proteins having significant similarity to the gingipain C25 cysteine protease domain are also found in Gram +ve bacteria, Archaea, algae, higher fungi, and a wide variety of Eukaryotic species.

关键词： C25 Cysteine Proteases Evolution Substrate Preference

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Heavy Metal Contents of Different Wastes Used for Compost

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 241-249页

作者： Tazeen Fatima Khan Mohammed Waji Ullah Shah Muhammad Imamul huq Bangladesh-Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU) Department of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka Bangladesh

A study was conducted to assess the heavy metal (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Hg) contents of different sources of wastes generated in Dhaka city which was further used for a compost plant. The study consisted of both field survey and laboratory analyses. Relevant primary and secondary sources of data were collected to identify the source and nature of wastes generated near the compost plant. A total of eight households, ten officers and ten waste collectors were surveyed for data collection. For laboratory analyses, wastes from various socio-economic niches (lower, lower middle, middle and high) were collected. The result showed that wastes generated in the lower income niche contained the minimum contents of heavy metals compared to middle and high niches. The increasing trend of heavy metal contents of the wastes from lower to high income groups has been found to be linked to the life style, attitude, profession, culture and food habit. Most of the heavy metals did not meet the standard level for almost all the niches. Most of the correlations were found to be insignificant between the contents of nutrient element (C, n and P) and heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Hg).

关键词： Heavy Metal Compost Primary Data Secondary Data Correlation

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nutrient dynamics in the Sundarbans mangrove estuarine system of Bangladesh under different weather and tidal cycles

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 300-312页

作者： Shak Md Bazlur Rahaman Lipton Sarder Md Sayadur Rahaman Alokesh Kumar Ghosh Sudhin Kumar Biswas SM Shahjahan Siraj Khandaker Anisul huq Abul Farah Md Hasanuzzaman Shikder Saiful Islam Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna 9208Bangladesh Chemistry Department Comilla UniversityComilla 3500Bangladesh

Introduction:Seasonal and tidal variations in nutrient concentration and water quality were investigated in the western Sundarbans of Bangladesh during the post-monsoon,winter and monsoon seasons during 2010–***:Water collected from the surface,middle and bottom layers at six locations of the Kholpetua-Arpangashia river system during high and low tides was analyzed for temperature,salinity,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),electrical conductivity(EC)and dissolved nutrients(nO3–n,PO4–P,SO4 and nH3–n).Results:The study revealed that nutrient concentrations were influenced by seasonal *** nutrient levels during post-monsoon,winter and monsoon seasons,respectively,were in the following ranges:nitrate(0.06–0.40,0.06–0.46 and 0.08–0.46 mg/L);phosphate(0.09–0.18,0.05–0.42 and 0.10–0.16 mg/L);sulphate(58.71–86.14,68.68–119.01 and 78.15–136.47 mg/L)and ammonia(0.02–0.08,0.02–0.04 and 0.26–0.38 mg/L).Increased levels of PO4–P,SO4 and nH3–n and lower DO and salinity were recorded during the monsoon *** of the experimental sites showed higher nO3–n content during monsoon,whereas few elevated concentrations were observed during post-monsoon and winter *** and low tidal waters contained mean nutrient levels in the following ranges:nitrate(0.05–0.46 and 0.04–0.40 mg/L);phosphate(0.05–0.42 and 0.07–0.18 mg/L);sulphate(63.63–125.36 and 58.71–136.47 mg/L)and ammonia(0.02–0.38 and 0.02–0.37 mg/L)without following any distinct fluctuation *** western part of the Sundarbans receives less freshwater input during the monsoon season than other areas of the ecosystem,which reduces the variability of nutrient levels and water quality ***:This study provides considerable advances in understanding the seasonality of nutrient distribution with possible tidal *** data generated from this study will guide continuing efforts to support a sound management for coastal mangrove ecosystems.

关键词： Sundarbans Monsoon Post-monsoon nitrate Phosphate Sulphate Ammonia Aquatic ecosystem Water quality River

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Characteristics of Gan Thin Films Using Magnetron Sputtering System

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第15期7卷 2028-2037页

作者： Hasina F. huq Rocio Y. Garza Roman Garcia-Perez Electrical Engineering University of Texas Pan American Edinburg USA

The paper presents a polycrystalline Gan thin film with a hexagonal wurtzite structure under the optimized sputtering conditions of 40 W RF power, 5 mT working pressure, using pure nitrogen gas with a substrate temperature of 700°C. The study examines the effects of surface disorders and incorporates it in the thin films characteristics. A radio frequency (RF) Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) Magnetron Sputtering System has been used for the deposition of Gallium nitride (Gan) on silicon, sapphire and glass substrates with different parameters. The power is varied from 40 W to 50 W, and the pressure from 4 mT to 15 mT. The effects of the RF sputtering powers and gas pressures on the structural properties are investigated experimentally. Sputtering at a lower RF power of 15 W does increase the n atomic percentage, however the deposition rate is substantially slower and the films are amorphous. Gan deposited on both silicon and sapphire wafer resulted in thin films close to stoichiometric once the n2 concentration is 60% or higher. It is also observed that the substrate cooling/heating effects improve the quality of the thin films with fewer defects present at the surface of the Gan epi-structure.

关键词： Gan UHV Magnetron Sputtering RF Power HEMT Thin Film Characterization

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Macro and Micro nutrient Supply to Soil and Plants from Sugar Mill Mud

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 164-172页

作者： Ishrat Jahan Sanchary Kazi Md. Jahangir Kabir Shah Muhammad Imamul huq Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Barishal Barishal Bangladesh Department of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Vice Chancellor University of Barishal Barishal Bangladesh

The effects of sugar mill mud application on the availability of nutrients for plant uptake were investigated. Mill mud generated from conventional sugar mill operations was applied in three different rates and a leafy vegetable, locally called “PuiShak” or Indian spinach (Basellarubra L.) was grown for 60 days as a test crop in a pot culture experiment. Crop yield and essential nutrients like n, P, K and Zn uptake concentration was determined to come up with an inference that higher doses of mill mud application impose better effect on root and shoot uptake of these elements. A little infraction was observed for nitrogen uptake by plants for the maximum dose.

关键词： nutrient Supply Soil-Plant System Mill Mud

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Some novel Schiff Bases from Pyruvic Acid with Amines Containing n &S Donor Atoms: Synthesis, Spectral Studies and X-Ray Crystal Structures

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第1期7卷 42-56页

作者： Abdul Azim Jambol Malai Haniti Sheikh Abdul Hamid Aminul huq Mirza Md. Shafiqul Islam Mohammad Rezaul Karim Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Darussalam Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville USA

Four Schiff bases, from pyruvic acid (1) with amines containing n and S donor atoms, thiocarbohydrazide (2, 61%), 2-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (3, 26%), S-benzyldithiocarbazate (4, 51%) and S-n-octyldithiocarbazate (5, 63%) have been successfully synthesized. The conventional method was used and a series of novel linear and cyclic Schiff bases were obtained with or without catalyst. All the Schiff bases were fully characterized by CHn elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H & 13C nMR, EI-MS and two of the Schiff bases were further characterized by X-ray crystallographic structure analysis. Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and unit cell dimensions are: a = 4.1777(8), b = 5.9538(11), c = 13.458(3) &ARInG;, α = 92.759(6), β = 90.813(6), γ = 100.040(6)°, R1 = 0.0439. Compound 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P n a 2(1) and unit cell dimensions are: a = 5.5992(2), b = 11.3962(5), c = 10.6473(5), α = 92.759(6), β = 90.813(6), γ = 100.040(6)°, R1 = 0.0285. Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained as cyclic Schiff bases which are triazine derivatives.

关键词： Pyruvic Acid Schiff Bases Thiocarbohydrazide S-Alkyldithiocarbazates Thiosemicarbazide Triazine n and S Containing Amines

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Changing Trend of Overweight and Obesity and Their Associated Factors in an Urban Population of Bangladesh

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 678-689页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Sayeeda huq Mohammad Abdul Malek Lana Vanderlee Mohammed Abdus Salam Tahmeed Ahmed Abu Syed Golam Faruque Abdullah Al Mamun International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Dhaka Bangladesh School of Population Health University of Queensland Brisbane Australia. School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

There is a scarcity of information examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population of Bangladesh. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the changing trends and socio-demographic characteristics of overweight and obese individuals among an urban population inDhaka,Bangladesh. The present study included data from 49,532 patients enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System (DDSS) at theDhakaHospitalfrom 1993-2011. Overweight and obese was categorized among under-5 children (n = 508), 5 19 years (n = 96), and >19 years (n = 1330). Data was compared with normal weight and malnourished individuals of respective age strata. The proportion of overweight and obese increased from 0.64% 5.15% among children 0.001), 0.80% 6.70% among 5 19 years (p 0.001), and 3.66% 16.94% (p 0.001) among >19 years. Among those under-5, males [OR = 1.31 (95%CI 1.08, 1.57)] those with higher socio-economic status [1.99 (1.02, 3.82)], higher monthly mean family income [3.76 (2.41, 5.86)], non-slum residence [2.01 (0.74, 5.51)], high maternal literacy rate [3.66 (2.31, 5.79)], and using sanitary toilet [1.47 (1.07, 2.01)] were at higher risk of being overweight and obese compared to well-nourished and malnourished children. Among individuals 5 19 years, those with higher socioeconomic status and use of sanitary toilet were at higher risk of being overweight and obese. Among those >19 years, additionally males were less likely to be overweight and obese [0.59 (0.49, 0.68)]. Over the last two decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Dhaka city has increased at least five folds and it was much higher among those with better socioeconomic status.

关键词： Bangladesh Obesity Overweight Urban

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