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<i>In Vitro</i>Characterisation of Pharmacological Effect of Prostacyclin Analogues in Comparison to Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Small Human Pulmonary Vessels

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2017年第11期7卷 131-142页

作者： Azar Hussain Robert Bennett Zaheer tahir ahmed Habib Michael Cowen Mubarak Chaudhry Mahmoud Loubani Alyn Morice Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill Hospital Cottingham UK Department of Respiratory Medicine Castle Hill Hospital Cottingham UK

Background and Aim of Study: The phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Sildenafil and Milrinone), Nitric Oxide donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and prostacyclin analogs are commonly used pulmonary vasodilators to treat pulmonary hypertension. In the past few years, we have used human pulmonary artery rings in vitro to evaluate pulmonary vascular resistance. The main objective of the current study is to document the pharmacological impact of clinically used prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary system in parallel with phosphodiesterase inhibitors and SNP. Methods: The study used human pulmonary artery rings of internal diameter of 2 - 4 mm and length of 2 mm. These were extracted from patients with lung resections. These rings were then mounted on a multiwire myograph, and changes in isometric tension were noted. Then, concentration response curves were constructed to Sildenafil (Sd), Milrinone (Mil), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), Epoprostenol (Ep), Iloprost (Ip) and Treprostinil (Tp). Results: 52 pulmonary artery rings were used in these experiments. Sildenafil, Milrinone, SNP, Epoprostenol, Iloprost and Treprostinil caused a concentration-dependent vasodilation in small human pulmonary arteries (pEC50: 5.97 ± 0.22, 5.99 ± 0.12, 7.64 ± 0.08, 7.53 ± 0.14, 8.84 ± 0.15 and 9.48 ± 0.13 respectively, n = 8 to 12). The efficacy for the same was in the order: Tp = Ip > Ep > Mil > SNP > Sd. The potency varied in the order: Tp > Ip > SNP > Ep > Mil > Sd. Conclusion: This research showed the efficacy as well as the potency of SNP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary vasculature. Treprostinil and Iloprost exhibited maximum relaxation. However, Sildenafil and SNP showed lesser impact. These effects need to be considered for clinical studies for enhanced patient outcomes.

关键词： Pulmonary Artery Rings Human Vasodilators In Vitro Pulmonary Hypertension Study

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Traditional medicine in Tanzania:a review of historical perspective,current practices and challenges

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2024年第4期6卷 7-15页

作者： Obadia Bishoge Robert Njee Yolanda Mbatia Judith Msovela Vitus Nyigo Mwanaidi Kafuye Justine Omolo Godfrey Mubyazi Calister Imeda Emmanuel Peter Paul Kazyoba Michael Munga Shaban Katani Maryyusta Nguyamu Otilia Gowelle Mwanaidi Omary Richard Sunguruma Abel Mdemu ahmed Abdallah Research Information and Regulatory Affairs Department National Institute for Medical ResearchDar es Salaam 11101Tanzania Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es Salaam 65015Tanzania Research Coordination and Promotion Department National Institute for Medical ResearchDar es Salaam 11101Tanzania

The use of traditional medicine(TM)is essential for preventing and treating diseases and thus improving human ***,TM has been used since time *** Tanzania,the use of TM was most common during precolonial era before it was discriminated during the Germany colonial ***,it regained the attention during the private sector emergence era(1985-2004).Currently,there are ongoing efforts to integrate TM and modern medicine to improve healthcare systems in developing countries for sustainable healthcare *** review aims to provide an overview of the historical and current status,challenges,and future direction for TM in *** analysis revealed that the development of TM was somehow underdeveloped during the colonial rule but regained its popularity after ***,there are many opportunities such as the presence of legal and institutional frameworks,a varied medicinal biodiversity,with some of them being endemic to Tanzania,political will *** the available opportunities,there are numerous challenges to the development and use of *** include inadequate financial and human resources for research,poor conservation of medicinal biodiversity;modernization;intellectual property rights of TM knowledge;lack of safety,efficacy,and quality data of medicinal *** development and utility of TM as a resource is crucial to protect ***,the study recommends more capacity building in terms of finances,technology development,human resources training,advocacy and integration of TM into healthcare system.

关键词： traditional medicine historical perspective Tanzania

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Equivalence of String Classical and Quantum Energy beside Equivalence of Wave Packet and Relativistic Velocity in Eucleadian and Curved Space

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Natural Science 2020年第7期12卷 520-525页

作者： Mashair ahmed Mohammed Yousif Abeer Mohammed Khairy ahmed Zainab Mustapha Kurawa Omer A. M. Elnor Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Yagoub Ibrahim Mohammed Elfaki El-tahir Mohammed Idriss ahmed Zoalnoon ahmed Abeid Allah Saad Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Education at Alkurma Taif University Alkhurma Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of Art and Science at Al Muznab Al Qassim University Al Muznab Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Physics School of Science Education Saadatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso Nigeria Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Bakhtalruda Ed Dueim Sudan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan Department of Natural and Applied Sciences College of Science and Humanities at Afif Sharga University Afif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Arts and Sciences King Khalid University Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Plank quantum and classical string energy relations seem to be uncorrelated. This work correlated them. The relativistic energy-momentum relation has been used together with plank and de Brogglie hypothesis to prove that the wave group velocity is equal to the particle velocity in both ordinary and curved space. The plank energy relation is shown also to be related to the classical energy relation of an oscillating string. Starting from plank energy relation for n photons and performing integration, the expression of classical string energy was obtained. This means that one can treat electromagnetic waves as a collection of continuous photons having frequencies ranging from zero to w. Conversely, starting from classical string energy relation by differentiating it with respect to angular frequency, the plank quantum energy for n photons has been found. This means that the quanta results from separation of electromagnetic waves to single isolated waves. Each wave consists of n photons or quanta.

关键词： Plank Energy Classical Energy String Quanta Photons Electromagnetic Waves Curved Space Group Velocity Wave Packet

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Prevalence and Predictors of Viral Hepatitis D Co-Infection in Chronic HbsAg Carriers

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第9期12卷 213-220页

作者： Ali Mahamat Moussa tahir Mahamat Saleh Mayanna Habkreo Bessimbaye Nadlaou Adama ahmed Ngare Doffou Adjeka Stanislas Assi Constant Service de Medecine Interne & Gastroentérologie CHU La Référence Nationale N’Djamena Tchad Service de Medecine Interne CHU La Renaissance N’Djamena Tchad Service de Laboratoire CHU La Référence Nationale N’Djamena Tchad

The characteristics of viral hepatitis B and D co-infection are poorly documented in Chad. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of HBV/HDV co-infection and the characteristics of this co-infection. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including all patients with chronic HBsAg carriers referred in our department from January 2014 to December 2018. Non-inclusion criteria were: absence of anti-HDV testing, presence of anti-viral hepatitis C or Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies or excessive alcohol consumption. The variables studied were age, sex, blood transaminase level, HBV DNA level, HDV RNA level, and liver fibrosis and activity score (Actitest Fibrotest). The prevalence of HDV and the characteristics of HDV/HBV co-infection were determined. Results: During the study period, 403 patients were seen in these two hospitals for chronic HBsAg carriage. Of these, 378 (75%) had performed the anti HDV assay. Anti-HDV antibodies were positive in 53 patients (14%). In multivariate analysis, HBV/HDV co-infected patients were less frequently HBeAg positive (5.4% vs. 28.1%;p = 0.0001), older (35 years vs. 32 years;p = 0.001), and more frequently had significant necrotic-inflammatory activity (3.9% vs. 3.2%;p = 0.031) compared with mono infected patients. Neither gender (76.9% male vs. 77.4% male;p = ns), nor viral load (median 530 IU/ml vs. 195 IU/ml;p = ns), nor significant liver fibrosis (35.1% vs. 47.1%;p = ns), nor transaminases (median 26 vs. 32 IU/ml) were different with mono infected patients. Conclusion: VHD is common in Chad. It is associated with increased hepatic necrotic-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis D (Anti VHD Ac) Prevalence Favouring Factors Necrotic-Inflammatory Activity Chad

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Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition Using a Novel Windowing Algorithm

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第11期5卷 886-894页

作者： Muhammad Umer Bilal ahmed Bhatti Muhammad Hammad Tariq Muhammad Zia-ul-Hassan Muhammad Yaqub Khan tahir Zaidi Center for Advanced Research in Engineering (CARE) Islamabad Pakistan

This paper presents a Novel Windowing Algorithm for Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. The work presented here deals with a simple and efficient way of detecting ECG features that are P, Q, R, S and T waves. Windowing method is used to select these waves. Windows are based on varying R-R intervals. It has been tested on ECG simulator data and also on different records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, producing satisfactory results. ECG timing intervals are also required for monitoring the cardiac condition of patients. Hence after feature detections ECG timing intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, the QT interval, the QT corrected interval and Vent Rate are efficiently calculated using proposed Formulae.

关键词： Electrocardiogram PLI Windowing Arrhythmia Intervals Cardiac PQRST

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Proximate analysis: Relative feed values of various forage plants for ruminants investigated in a semi-arid region of Punjab, Pakistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 302-308页

作者： Kafeel ahmed Muneeba Shaheen Farhad Mirzaei Zafar Iqbal Khan Sumaira Gondal Asia Fardous Abrar Hussain Fahim Arshad tahir Mehmood Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Botany University of Education Okara Campus Okara Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Livestock Production Management Department Animal Science Research Institute of Iran Karaj Iran Science and Technology Division University of Education Township Campus Lahore Pakistan

The experimental site “Sial Morr Sugar mill, District Sargodha” Punjab, Pakistan was selected to carry out present investigation. The forage samples of Eragrostis pilosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Parthenium hysterophorus and Calotropis procera were collected from the three sites held in this area. The forage samples were cleaned with distilled water to rinse dust particles and other impurities. These forage samples were air dried, oven dried and ground for the assessment of proximate analysis. Proximate analysis procedures including the percentage of moisture content, crude protein, ash contents and crude fiber in the sample were determined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. The CP contents among different plant species ranged from 8.1% to 26.2% at all sites. The lowest CP value was found in Eragrostis pilosa at site III while the highest CP contents in Dactyloctenium aegyptium at site II. The CP content showed significant (p < 0.05) result among all species at all sites. There was consistence pattern of increase and decrease found during all plant species at all sites. Generally, CP concentration averaged high at site II. Our CP contents are above the critical value. Considering the overall percentage of moisture composition, it was highest at site II. However, the moisture was found more in Calotropis procera at site II. The Dactyloctenium aegyptium had the least moisture content of 3.9% while the highest water content of 7%. Ash contents varied from 7.2% to 17.9% among various plant species at all sampling sites. The lowest ash contents were recorded in Dactyloctenium aegyptium at site III. At site II, ash contents were highest in Eragrostis pilosa. The differences between ash contents of various plant species were significant (p < 0.05) at all sampling site. Generally, the ash contents were higher at site II. Crude fiber contents differed significantly (p Parthenium hysterophorus had greater crude fiber contents at site II while the low

关键词： Eragrostis pilosa Dactyloctenium aegyptium Parthenium hysterophorus Calotropis procera Nutritional Values Proximate Contents

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<i>In-Situ</i>Biostimulatory Effect of Selected Organic Wastes on Bacterial Atrazine Biodegradation

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 587-592页

作者： ahmed Faruk Umar Fatimah tahir Michael Larkin Olubukola Mojisola Oyawoye Balarabe Lawal Musa Mohammed Bello Yerima Ediga Bede Agbo Biological Sciences Programme Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Microbiology Department Usmanu Dan Fodio University Sokoto Nigeria Queens University Environmental and Genomic Research (QUESTOR) Center Queens University of Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland UK

The biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes on bacterial biodegradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) in three agricultural soils in Bauchi state, Nigeria, was carried out. The soil physico-chemical characteristics were investigated to further understand the environmental conditions of the sampling sites. Enrichment technique was used to isolate the atrazine-degrading strains. Mineralization studies were carried out to determine atrazine biodegradation potentials of strains. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of total nucleic acid of strains revealed several bacterial species based on nucleotide sequence analyses. Biostimulatory effect of selected organic wastes carried out showed minimal to average extent of biodegradation. The highest mean values, in CFU/mL, increase in biomass was recorded in Pseudomonas sp for both Cow dung 16.76 (42.03%) and Chicken droppings 12.32 (38.46%). However, biostimulatory effect using consortia provided more promising results, with 41.51% and 42.08% in Cow dung and Chicken droppings, biomass increase, respectively, in studies conducted. This proves that competition, survival of inoculums, bioavailability of organic amendments and nature of chemical are important factors affecting bioremediation.

关键词： Biostimulation Biodegradation Bioremediation Mineralization Atrazine

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The Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Resistin Levels in Saudi Diabetic Patients

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2016年第2期6卷 102-108页

作者： ahmed El-tahir Abdulaziz F. AL-Kaabbab Muaawia ahmed Hamza Abdullah A. Saeed Abdulshakour Abdalla May F. AlMohareb Hana S. Alfaleh Gwiria M. H. Satti Faculty of Medicine King Fahad Medical City Ministry of Health Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine Al-Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Sudan

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the adipokine resistin in Saudi diabetic patients and those at high risk to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: One hundred and sixty seven subjects were recruited for the cross-sectional study at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and resistin levels were measured for all the participants. Result: Fifty six type-1, 55 type-2 diabetic patients and 56 healthy controls were recruited. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the control group was 44.21 ± 41.80 μg/ml compared to 50.67 ± 35.60 μg/ml in the diabetic group (P = 0.427) with no significant different between type-2 diabetes mellitus and type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.628). Resistin level in the control group was 14.00 ± 7.39μg/ml compared to 20.21 ± 16.94 μg/ml in the diabetic group (P ≤ 0.01), no significant difference between type-2 diabetes mellitus and type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.817). Resistin in those taking vitamin D supplementation was 21.34 ± 18.27 μg/ml;and in those not taking vitamin D supplementation, it was 17.4 ± 11.19 μg/ml;(P = 0.237). There was significant negative correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and resistin in type-2 diabetes mellitus (P ≤ 0.043) and no significant correlation was found between vitamin 25 (OH) D and resistin level in type-1 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.538). Blood urea and creatinine showed significant positive correlation with vitamin 25 (OH) D in one hand and resistin level on the other hand. Discussion and Conclusions: Several in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that the vitamin 25 (OH) D have numerous important functions in the body. The circulating vitamin 25 (OH) D and resistin levels were associated with general inflammation in renal diseases. This study showed significant negative correlation between resistin level and vitamin 25

关键词： 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Resistin Diabetes Mellitus Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Prevalence and Correlates of Dyslipidemia among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Results from a National Survey

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2012年第4期2卷 89-97页

作者： Abdulaziz F. Al-Kaabba Nasser A. Al-Hamdan ahmed El tahir Abdelshakour M. Abdalla Abdalla A. Saeed Muaawia A. Hamza Faculty of Medicine King Fahad Medical City King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabi Faculty of Medicine King Fahad Medical City King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Data were collected and analyzed from a cross-sectional study using the World Health Organization’s STEPwise approach, to estimate the prevalence of various types of dyslipidemia and determine their associated factors among adults in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population included 4490 Saudi adults aged 15 years and older who were selected by a stratified, multistage, cluster random sampling technique. Lipid profile was determined by spectrophotometrically by biochemical methods, high total cholesterol (TC) was defined as TC of 5.2 mmol/L or more, hypertriglyceridemia as serum triglycerides level 1.7 mmol/L or more and. low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as serum HDL-C 0.9 mmol/L or less, LDL-C 3.35 mmol/L or more and TC/HDL ratio 5 or more. Of the 4490 subjects (94.4 % of total sample) included in the final analysis, 51% were females, 23% of study subjects were less than 25years and 11% were 55 or more years of age. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia ranged from about 20% to 40%. The highest prevalence was for triglycerides where about 44% of all subjects were affected. About a fifth of the subjects had high level of total cholesterol. Males had significantly higher prevalence of all types of dyslipidemia than female except LDL-C and TC. Higher dyslipidemia prevalence of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly found in older subjects, illiterates and housekeepers. Lower prevalence rates for HDL-C was significantly observed in retired and youngest subjects. There were significant regional variations and significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia among hypertensives, diabetics, obese/overweight, smokers and physically inactive subjects. There were no significant differences according to income or fruits and vegetable consumption. Logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity/overweight, gender, age, diabetes were the most important significant predictors of dyslipidemia. The findings of this study suggest that the pre

关键词： Dyslipidemia Prevalence Risk Factors Adults Saudi Arabia

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Evaluating the Optimum Transplanting Time for Different Coarse Rice Genotypes under Semi-Arid Conditions of Faisalabad

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 69-77页

作者： Muhammad Ahtisham tahir Muhammad Ahmad Arain Saba Durrani Abdul Shakoor Ahtsham Bilal Nasir Ali Muhammad Ishfaq Umer Farooq Siraj ahmed Muhammad Irfan Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Continuously changing climate and availability of different rice genotypes make it necessary to find optimum time of sowing as well as suitable variety for cultivation to get maximum productivity under a specific set of climatic conditions. A field study was carried out to search out the suitable rice transplanting time for four different coarse genotypes under the semi-arid environment of Faisalabad. The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement keeping transplanting time in main plots while rice genotypes in subplots. Variability among treatments was measured by Fisher’s ANOVA (P ≤ 5%) and LSD test was applied to compare the differences among treatments’ means. The ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences among genotypes as well as transplanting dates irrespective of all studied traits while interactive effects of both were found to be non-significant. NIBGE-1 performed best with maximum paddy yield of 6.05 t/ha while KSK-434 performed poor with paddy yield of 2.78 t/ha. Increased paddy yield and yield related parameters of all rice genotypes were recorded where transplantation was done on 25th of June. Generally, paddy yield decreased with delaying the transplanting time. The results suggested that NIBGE-1 can perform better under the semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad and last week of June might be the optimum time for nursery transplantation. It can also be further elucidated that late transplanting causes yield reduction which could not be recommended among farmers.

关键词： Coarse Rice Genotypes Transplanting Time Paddy Yield Semi-Arid

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