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Characterization and anticancer potential of Withania somnifera fruit bioactives(a native species to Pakistan)using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第6期42卷 908-914页

作者： Qudsia Tabassam tahir mehmood Sibtain Ahmed Farooq Anwar Abdul Rauf Raza Institute of Chemistry University of SargodhaSargodha-40100Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS54000-Lahore.Pakistan University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La JollaCA 92093USA

INTRODUCTION:Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)is a plant with remarkable pharmacological properties.The plant has an impressive profile of medicinal uses in the folk medicine system of several civilizations.AIM:This comprehensive study is aimed to characterize phytochemicals in fruit of W.somnifera and tested for in vitro anticancer potential to find out active candidate in disease prevention and treatment.METHODS:The bioactive components from W.somnifera fruit were extracted with polar and non-polar solvents.Anticancer potential of the isolated bioactive was assessed against different cancer cell lines through MTT assay and Incucytes imaging analysis.The extracts were characterized for secondary metabolites using GCMS(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer),LCMS(liquid(electrospray Ionization)and 1H-NMR(electrospray Ionization)techniques.RESULTS:Both freeze-dried and rotary evaporator condensed extracts exhibited anticancer potential against MDA-MB-231,MCF7-SKOV3 and SKBR3 cell lines.The tested extracts have cell growth inhibition potential against mammalian cancer cell line.Hexacosanedioic acid purified from n-hexane extract through HPLC was investigated for its cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line SKBR3 by using Incucytes imaging analysis.Conclusion:We found that a variety of bioactive compounds existed in this plant.One identified compound that was not investigated for cytotoxicity in previous studies was purified and its application showed cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines.A number of bioactive identified from W.somnifera fruit may have an effective potential for development into chemotherapy drugs.

关键词： phytochemicals plants medicinal anti-cancer activities purification state-of-the-art techniques

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Travelers'attitudes toward carpooling in Lahore:motives and constraints

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2017年第4期25卷 268-278页

作者： Muhammad Ashraf Javid tahir mehmood Hafiz Muhammad Asif Ahsan Ullah Vaince Mohsin Raza College of Engineering and Architecture University of NizwaNizwaOman Department of Transportation Engineering and Management University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan Roadway Traffic and Transportation Safety Research CenterUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE

Traffic congestion has become a critical issue in developing countries,as it tends to increase social costs in terms of travel cost and time,energy consumption and environmental degradation.With limited resources,reducing travel demand by influencing individuals’ travel behavior can be a better long-term solution.To achieve this objective,alternate travel options need to be provided so that people can commute comfortably and economically.This study aims to identify key motives and constraints in the consideration of carpooling policy with the help of stated preference questionnaire survey that was conducted in Lahore City.The designed questionnaire includes respondents’ socioeconomic demographics,and intentions and stated preferences on carpooling policy.Factor analysis was conducted on travelers’ responses,and a structural model was developed for carpooling.Survey and modeling results reveal that social,environmental and economic benefits,disincentives on car use,preferential parking treatment for carpooling,and comfort and convenience attributes are significant determinants in promoting carpooling.However,people with strong belief in personal privacy,security,freedom in traveling and carpooling service constraints would have less potential to use thecarpooling service.In addition,pro-auto and pro-carpooling attitudes,marital status,profession and travel purpose for carpooling are also underlying factors.The findings implicate that to promote carpooling policy it is required to consider appropriate incentives on this service and disincentives on use of private vehicle along with modification of people’s attitudes and intentions.

关键词： Travel behavior Travel demand management Carpooling Stated preference Questionnaire survey Lahore

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NSIS Extensions:An End-to-End QoS Aware Signaling Protocol for NGN

NSIS Extensions:An End-to-End QoS Aware Signaling Protocol f...

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2011 4th IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology(ICCSIT 2011)

作者： tahir mehmood Sathiamoorthy Manoharan Department of Computer Science Tamaki Campus University of Auckland

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848334

The Next generation network （NGN） deployment is in its infancy.With great technological advancement in internetworking infrastructure,NGN faces many challenges in the form of heterogeneity in networking and user expectations such as higher bandwidth,seamless mobility,internetworking protocols,multicast addressing （or multicasting）,security and a guaranteed Quality of Service （QoS）.This paper investigates the major challenges being faced during the transition of current internetwork into the future generation network i.e.NGN.We will look into IETF’s efforts on developing signaling protocols in satisfying the ever demanding end-to-end guaranteed QoS needs by end users or interconnected network nodes.A comparative study is done for Integrated Services （IntServ）,Differentiated Services （DiffServ）,Resource Reservation Protocol （RSVP）,and the newly developed Next Steps in Signaling （NSIS） as QoS signaling protocol and NSIS possible extensions.

关键词： QoS NGN RSVP NSIS QoS NSLP

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Deep Learning Method to Detect the Road Cracks and Potholes for Smart Cities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1863-1881页

作者： Hong-Hu Chu Muhammad Rizwan Saeed Javed Rashid Muhammad tahir mehmood Israr Ahmad Rao Sohail Iqbal Ghulam Ali College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China Department of CS University of OkaraOkara56310Pakistan Department of CS&SE Islamic International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of IT Services University of OkaraOkara56310Pakistan Department of CS Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Automation Science Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

The increasing global population at a rapid pace makes road trafficdense;managing such massive traffic is challenging. In developing countrieslike Pakistan, road traffic accidents (RTA) have the highest mortality percentageamong other Asian countries. The main reasons for RTAs are roadcracks and potholes. Understanding the need for an automated system forthe detection of cracks and potholes, this study proposes a decision supportsystem (DSS) for an autonomous road information system for smart citydevelopment with the use of deep learning. The proposed DSS works in layerswhere initially the image of roads is captured and coordinates attached to theimage with the help of global positioning system (GPS), communicated tothe decision layer to find about the cracks and potholes in the roads, andeventually, that information is passed to the road management informationsystem, which gives information to drivers and the maintenance department.For the decision layer, we projected a CNN-based model for pothole crackdetection (PCD). Aimed at training, a K-fold cross-validation strategy wasused where the value of K was set to 10. The training of PCD was completedwith a self-collected dataset consisting of 6000 images from Pakistani roads.The proposed PCD achieved 98% of precision, 97% recall, and accuracy whiletesting on unseen images. The results produced by our model are higher thanthe existing model in terms of performance and computational cost, whichproves its significance.

关键词： Road cracks and potholes CNN smart cities pothole crack detection decision support system

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Exploration of concentration of two macro-minerals in different wild forages in relation to nutrient requirements of livestock

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 340-344页

作者： Kafeel Ahmad Zafar Iqbal Khan Muneeba Shaheen Farhad Mirzaei Abrar Hussain Fahim Arshad tahir mehmood Zahara Bibi Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Botany University of Education Okara Campus Okara Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Livestock Production Management Department Animal Science Research Institute of Iran Karaj Iran Science and Technological Division University of Education Township Campus Lahore Pakistan

The composition of two macro-minerals (Ca and Na) was examined in soil and forages in two fields of District Sargodha, Pakistan. During winter and summer season, soil and forage samples were collected. In both seasons, Na was sufficient in soil and forages. As compared to the winter season, the Na and Ca levels in soil were considerably higher in summer season. In forages, the level of Ca was deficient than the level which is essential for livestock growth. In the pastures, grazing livestock may be?deficient in these minerals as these pastures are not supplying sufficient minerals to the ruminants grazing therein. Supplementation of minerals is necessary to prevent the mineral imbalances and deficiency diseases in grazing livestock.

关键词： Mineral Composition Soil Forage Livestock

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Proximate analysis: Relative feed values of various forage plants for ruminants investigated in a semi-arid region of Punjab, Pakistan

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 302-308页

作者： Kafeel Ahmed Muneeba Shaheen Farhad Mirzaei Zafar Iqbal Khan Sumaira Gondal Asia Fardous Abrar Hussain Fahim Arshad tahir mehmood Department of Biological Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Botany University of Education Okara Campus Okara Pakistan Department of Statistics University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Livestock Production Management Department Animal Science Research Institute of Iran Karaj Iran Science and Technology Division University of Education Township Campus Lahore Pakistan

The experimental site “Sial Morr Sugar mill, District Sargodha” Punjab, Pakistan was selected to carry out present investigation. The forage samples of Eragrostis pilosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Parthenium hysterophorus and Calotropis procera were collected from the three sites held in this area. The forage samples were cleaned with distilled water to rinse dust particles and other impurities. These forage samples were air dried, oven dried and ground for the assessment of proximate analysis. Proximate analysis procedures including the percentage of moisture content, crude protein, ash contents and crude fiber in the sample were determined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. The CP contents among different plant species ranged from 8.1% to 26.2% at all sites. The lowest CP value was found in Eragrostis pilosa at site III while the highest CP contents in Dactyloctenium aegyptium at site II. The CP content showed significant (p < 0.05) result among all species at all sites. There was consistence pattern of increase and decrease found during all plant species at all sites. Generally, CP concentration averaged high at site II. Our CP contents are above the critical value. Considering the overall percentage of moisture composition, it was highest at site II. However, the moisture was found more in Calotropis procera at site II. The Dactyloctenium aegyptium had the least moisture content of 3.9% while the highest water content of 7%. Ash contents varied from 7.2% to 17.9% among various plant species at all sampling sites. The lowest ash contents were recorded in Dactyloctenium aegyptium at site III. At site II, ash contents were highest in Eragrostis pilosa. The differences between ash contents of various plant species were significant (p < 0.05) at all sampling site. Generally, the ash contents were higher at site II. Crude fiber contents differed significantly (p Parthenium hysterophorus had greater crude fiber contents at site II while the lowest value of CF found in Dactyloctenium aegyptiu

关键词： Eragrostis pilosa Dactyloctenium aegyptium Parthenium hysterophorus Calotropis procera Nutritional Values Proximate Contents

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Weathering and accumulation of trace elements in the soils of the Porali Plain, Balochistan: repercussions in agriculture

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 214-234页

作者： Maria Kaleem Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem tahir Rafique Bushra Shahab Department of Geology University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Applied Chemistry Research Centre PCSIR Laboratories ComplexKarachi 75280Pakistan

This study is theﬁrst attempt to assess the nature of the soil,especially on the western side of the Porali Plain in Balochistan;a new emerging agriculture hub,using weathering and pollution indices supplemented by multi-variate analysis based on geochemical data.The outcomes of this study are expected to help farmers in soil manage-ment and selecting suitable crops for the region.Twenty-ﬁve soil samples were collected,mainly from the arable land of the Porali Plain.After drying and coning-quarter-ing,soil samples were analyzed for major and trace ele-ments using the XRF technique;sieving and hydrometric methods were employed for granulometric analysis.Esti-mated data were analyzed using Excel,SPSS,and Surfer software to calculate various indices,correlation matrix,and spatial distribution.The granulometric analysis showed that 76%of the samples belonged to loam types of soil,12%to sand type,and 8%to silt type.Weathering indices:CIA,CIW,PIA,PWI,WIP,CIX,and ICV were calculated to infer the level of alteration.These indices reﬂect mod-erate to intense weathering;supported by K_(2)O/AI_(2)O_(3),Rb/K_(2)O,Rb/Ti,and Rb/Sr ratios.Assessment of the geo-ac-cumulation and Nemerow Pollution indices pinpoint rela-tively high concentrations of Pb,Ni,and Cr concentration in the soils.The correlation matrix and Principal Compo-nent Analysis show that the soil in this study area is mainly derived from the weathering of igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite(Cretaceous age)and Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Mor Range having SEDEX/MVT type mineralization.Weathering may result in the undesirable accumulation of certain trace elements which adversely affects crops.

关键词： Weathering indices Pollution indices Accumulation Repercussions Trace elements Multivariate analyses Porali Plain Balochistan

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Ougenioxylon chinjiensis sp. nov., a New Fossil Species of the Family Leguminosae from Chinji Formation Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3745-3751页

作者： Noor-Ul-Ain Soomro Basir Ahmed Arain Muhammad tahir mehmood Rajput Institute of Plant Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

This work is comprised of anatomical study of fossil wood collected from Chnji formation (72°22'E, 32°41'N) of Miocene age exposed at Chinji National Reservoir. The material consists of a single piece of petrified wood dark brown in colour. The three dimensional sections were prepared by ground thin section technique. Microscopic examination of the characters was compared with modern and fossil wood and found comparable with the family Leguminosae. The closest resemblance of our fossil wood is with the wood of Ougenia. This fossil wood shows close resemblance in respect of vessels, fibers, parenchyma and xylem rays character. Therefore it is considered as new species and it is named Ougenioxylon chienjiensis sp. nov. The specific epithet refers to Chinji formation to which fossil wood belongs.

关键词： Ougenia chinjiensis Fossil Wood Salt Range Punjab Pakistan

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Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza Malik Khalid Muhammad Omar Ahsan Muhammad tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide.Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community.Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection.This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development.The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based vaccines.In addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed.Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now.The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

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Comparison of resistive index and shear-wave elastography in the evaluation of chronic kidney allograft dysfunction

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 154-163页

作者： Ameet Kumar Jesrani Syed M Faiq Rahma Rashid Tariq Ali Kalwar Rehan Mohsin tahir Aziz Nida Amin Khan Muhammed Mubarak Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Transplantation Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Detection of early chronic changes in the kidney allograft is important for timely intervention and long-term survival.Conventional and novel ultrasound-based investigations are being increasingly used for this purpose with variable results.AIM To compare the diagnostic performance of resistive index(RI)and shear wave elastography(SWE)in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing changes of kidney allograft with histopathological results.METHODS This is a cross-sectional and comparative study.A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study,which was conducted at the Departments of Transplantation and Radiology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan,from August 2022 to February 2023.All consecutive patients with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)after three months of transplantation were enrolled in this study.SWE and RI were performed and the findings of these were evaluated against the kidney allograft biopsy results to determine their diagnostic utility.RESULTS The mean age of all patients was 35.32±11.08 years.Among these,126(81.8%)were males and 28(18.2%)were females.The mean serum creatinine in all patients was 2.86±1.68 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 35.38±17.27 mL/min/1.73 m2.Kidney allograft biopsy results showed chronic changes in 55(37.66%)biopsies.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of SWE for the detection of chronic allograft damage were 93.10%,96.87%%,94.73%,and 95.87%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.45%.For RI,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,and NPV were 76.92%,83.33%,70.17%,and 87.62%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.16%.CONCLUSION The results from this study show that SWE is more sensitive and specific as compared to RI in the evaluation of chronic allograft damage.It can be of great help during the routine follow-up of kidney transplant recipients for screening and early detection of chronic changes and select

关键词： Shear wave Sonoelastography Resistive index Chronic allograft changes Biopsy Histopathology

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