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Weathering and accumulation of trace elements in the soils of the Porali Plain, Balochistan: repercussions in agriculture

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 214-234页

作者： Maria Kaleem Erum Bashir Shahid Naseem tahir Rafique Bushra Shahab Department of Geology University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Applied Chemistry Research Centre PCSIR Laboratories ComplexKarachi 75280Pakistan

This study is theﬁrst attempt to assess the nature of the soil,especially on the western side of the Porali Plain in Balochistan;a new emerging agriculture hub,using weathering and pollution indices supplemented by multi-variate analysis based on geochemical data.The outcomes of this study are expected to help farmers in soil manage-ment and selecting suitable crops for the region.Twenty-ﬁve soil samples were collected,mainly from the arable land of the Porali Plain.After drying and coning-quarter-ing,soil samples were analyzed for major and trace ele-ments using the XRF technique;sieving and hydrometric methods were employed for granulometric analysis.Esti-mated data were analyzed using Excel,SPSS,and Surfer software to calculate various indices,correlation matrix,and spatial distribution.The granulometric analysis showed that 76%of the samples belonged to loam types of soil,12%to sand type,and 8%to silt type.Weathering indices:CIA,CIW,PIA,PWI,WIP,CIX,and ICV were calculated to infer the level of alteration.These indices reﬂect mod-erate to intense weathering;supported by K_(2)O/AI_(2)O_(3),Rb/K_(2)O,Rb/Ti,and Rb/Sr ratios.Assessment of the geo-ac-cumulation and Nemerow Pollution indices pinpoint rela-tively high concentrations of Pb,Ni,and Cr concentration in the soils.The correlation matrix and Principal Compo-nent Analysis show that the soil in this study area is mainly derived from the weathering of igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite(Cretaceous age)and Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Mor Range having SEDEX/MVT type mineralization.Weathering may result in the undesirable accumulation of certain trace elements which adversely affects crops.

关键词： Weathering indices Pollution indices Accumulation Repercussions Trace elements Multivariate analyses Porali Plain Balochistan

Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza Malik Khalid Muhammad Omar Ahsan Muhammad tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide.Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community.Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection.This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development.The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based vaccines.In addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed.Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now.The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of walnut shell for alkylphenols production with nitrogen-doped activated carbon catalyst

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 95-105页

作者： Shanwei Ma Hang Li Guan Zhang tahir iqbal Kai Li Qiang Lu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electric Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Faculty of Agricultural Engineering&Technology PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000Pakistan

Alkylphenols are a group of valuable phenolic compounds that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass.In this study,three activated carbons(ACs)were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis(CFP)of walnut shell to produce alkylphenols,including nitrogen-doped walnut shell-derived activated carbon(N/WSAC),nitrogen-doped rice husk-derived activated carbon(N/RHAC)and walnut shell-derived activated carbon(WSAC).Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)experiments were carried out to reveal the influences of AC type,pyrolytic temperature,and AC-to-walnut shell(AC-to-WS)ratio on the product distributions.Results showed that with nitrogen doping,the N/WSAC possessed stronger capability than WSAC toward the alkylphenols production,and moreover,the N/WSAC also exhibited better effects than N/RHAC to prepare alkylphenols.Under the catalysis of N/WSAC,yields of alkylphenols were significantly increased,especially phenol,cresol and 4-ethylphenol.As the increase of pyrolytic temperature,the alkylphenols yield first increased and then decreased,while high selectivity could be obtained at low pyrolytic temperatures.Such a trend was also observed as the AC-to-WS ratio continuously increased.The alkylphenols production achieved a maximal yield of 44.19 mg/g with the corresponding selectivity of 34.7%at the pyrolytic temperature of 400℃and AC-to-WS ratio of 3,compared with those of only 4.67 mg/g and 6.1%without catalyst.In addition,the possible formation mechanism of alkylphenols was also proposed with the catalysis of N/WSAC.

关键词： Pyrolysis Walnut shell Alkylphenols Nitrogen-doped activated carbon

A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Road Traffic Congestion Prediction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 295-310页

作者： Mohammed Gollapalli Atta-ur-Rahman Dhiaa Musleh Nehad Ibrahim Muhammad Adnan Khan Sagheer Abbas Ayesha Atta Muhammad Aftab Khan Mehwash Farooqui tahir iqbal Mohammed Salih Ahmed Mohammed Imran BAhmed Dakheel Almoqbil Majd Nabeel Abdullah Omer Department of Computer Information System(CIS) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science(CS) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Department of Software EngineeringGachon UniversityInchonKorea Department of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahorePunjab54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Government College University(GCU)LahorePunjab54000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering(CE) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia College of Business Administration Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Networks and Communications(NC) College of Computer Science and Information Technology(CCSIT)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia

The fast-paced growth of artificial intelligence applications provides unparalleled opportunities to improve the efficiency of various systems.Such as the transportation sector faces many obstacles following the implementation and integration of different vehicular and environmental aspects worldwide.Traffic congestion is among the major issues in this regard which demands serious attention due to the rapid growth in the number of vehicles on the road.To address this overwhelming problem,in this article,a cloudbased intelligent road traffic congestion prediction model is proposed that is empowered with a hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy approach.The aim of the study is to reduce the delay in the queues,the vehicles experience at different road junctions across the city.The proposed model also intended to help the automated traffic control systems by minimizing the congestion particularly in a smart city environment where observational data is obtained from various implanted Internet of Things(IoT)sensors across the road.After due preprocessing over the cloud server,the proposed approach makes use of this data by incorporating the neuro-fuzzy engine.Consequently,it possesses a high level of accuracy by means of intelligent decision making with minimum error rate.Simulation results reveal the accuracy of the proposed model as 98.72%during the validation phase in contrast to the highest accuracies achieved by state-of-the-art techniques in the literature such as 90.6%,95.84%,97.56%and 98.03%,respectively.As far as the training phase analysis is concerned,the proposed scheme exhibits 99.214% accuracy. The proposed prediction modelis a potential contribution towards smart cities environment.

关键词： Neuro-fuzzy machine learning congestion prediction AI cloud computing smart cities

Comparison of resistive index and shear-wave elastography in the evaluation of chronic kidney allograft dysfunction

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 154-163页

作者： Ameet Kumar Jesrani Syed M Faiq Rahma Rashid Tariq Ali Kalwar Rehan Mohsin tahir Aziz Nida Amin Khan Muhammed Mubarak Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Transplantation Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Detection of early chronic changes in the kidney allograft is important for timely intervention and long-term survival.Conventional and novel ultrasound-based investigations are being increasingly used for this purpose with variable results.AIM To compare the diagnostic performance of resistive index(RI)and shear wave elastography(SWE)in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing changes of kidney allograft with histopathological results.METHODS This is a cross-sectional and comparative study.A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study,which was conducted at the Departments of Transplantation and Radiology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan,from August 2022 to February 2023.All consecutive patients with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)after three months of transplantation were enrolled in this study.SWE and RI were performed and the findings of these were evaluated against the kidney allograft biopsy results to determine their diagnostic utility.RESULTS The mean age of all patients was 35.32±11.08 years.Among these,126(81.8%)were males and 28(18.2%)were females.The mean serum creatinine in all patients was 2.86±1.68 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 35.38±17.27 mL/min/1.73 m2.Kidney allograft biopsy results showed chronic changes in 55(37.66%)biopsies.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of SWE for the detection of chronic allograft damage were 93.10%,96.87%%,94.73%,and 95.87%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.45%.For RI,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,and NPV were 76.92%,83.33%,70.17%,and 87.62%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.16%.CONCLUSION The results from this study show that SWE is more sensitive and specific as compared to RI in the evaluation of chronic allograft damage.It can be of great help during the routine follow-up of kidney transplant recipients for screening and early detection of chronic changes and select

关键词： Shear wave Sonoelastography Resistive index Chronic allograft changes Biopsy Histopathology

The electronic and magnetic properties of wurtzite Mn：CdS, Cr：CdS and Mn：Cr：CdS： first principles calculations

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第7期38卷 36-43页

作者： Azeem Nabi Zarmeena Akhtar tahir iqbal Atif Ali Muhammad Arshad Javid Department of Physics University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences (Physics) University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

In this article, density functional theory（DFT） based on generalized gradient approximation（GGA）and GGACU, U is Hubbard term, is used to study the electronic properties of CdS doped with different dopants（Cr, Mn）. The calculations are carried out for Mn-doped CdS, Cr-doped CdS, and co-doping of Mn/Cr in CdS simultaneously. It is found that hopping of electrons is possible with Cr：CdS and Mn：Cr：CdS while Mn：CdS does not allow the hopping of electrons. Moreover, double exchange interactions are observed in Cr：CdS and d-d superexchange interactions are observed in Mn：CdS. Now the problem becomes interesting when one magnetic ion（Cr） supporting double exchange interactions and another ion（Mn） supporting d-d super-exchange interactions are doped simultaneously in the same system（CdS）. The co-doped CdS is more stable even at high Curie temperature due to p-d double exchange interactions and d-d super exchange interactions. Furthermore, the Cr-3d and Mn-3d states present in-between the band gap are responsible for inner shell transitions and hence for optical properties.Therefore, the co-doped system is taken into account to enhance its applications in the field of spintronic and magneto-optical devices.

关键词： wurtzite first principles density functional theory

Synthesis and Charcterization of Silane Crosslinked Hydrogel to pH Sensitive Study

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第5期15卷 165-176页

作者： Muhammad Awais Shahid Abdul Haseeb tahir Zeeshan Ahmad Muhammad Arslan Department of Physics The University of Lahore Lahore Punjab Pakistan Department of Chemistry Minhaj University Lahore Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics University of Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Eco-friendly and biodegradable novel hydrogel were prepared by blending and solution casting method. The designed hydrogel is based on chitosan/ PEG600/Gurgam with carbon nanofiller along silane crosslinked (TEOS) with pH sensitive response to controlled release of drug in biomedical materials and agriculture industry. The various concentration of carbon nanofiller is used to analyze its effect on the fabricated hydrogel characteristics by using FTIR, SEM, TGA, swelling studies (water, buffer and ionic solution). Spectra of FTIR reflected both established and newly developed groups (like hydrogel). COOH group presence is clearly observed in this range in the carbon filler reinforced hydrogel. The SEM micrographs show that CPG0.003 had a collection of polysaccharide chains as thin helices, which is attributed to the increase in the size of porosity. TGA shows to increase concentration of nanofiller enhanced the thermal stability of the designed hydrogels at temperature 25˚C to 550˚C mass loss percentage decrease upto 20% and increase thermal stability. This pH response made these resultant hydrogels as fruitful competitor against the many reported controlled release application.

关键词： Chitosan Guargum Hydrogel Carbon Nano Filler Silane Cross Linker pH Sensitive

Predicting short-term thromboembolic risk following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using supervised machine learning

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1108页

作者： Hassam Ali Faisal Inayat Vishali Moond Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Arslan Afzal Zauraiz Anjum Hamza tahir Muhammad Sajeel Anwar Dushyant Singh Dahiya Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Amir H Sohail Muhammad Aziz Department of Gastroenterology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Saint Peter's University Hospital and Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Einstein HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Department of Internal Medicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnsonNY 13790United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansasKS 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Louisiana State University HealthShreveportLA 71103United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States

BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)is a widely recognized bariatric procedure that is particularly beneficial for patients with class III obesity.It aids in significant weight loss and improves obesity-related medical conditions.Despite its effectiveness,postoperative care still has challenges.Clinical evidence shows that venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a leading cause of 30-d morbidity and mortality after RYGB.Therefore,a clear unmet need exists for a tailored risk assessment tool for VTE in RYGB candidates.AIM To develop and internally validate a scoring system determining the individualized risk of 30-d VTE in patients undergoing RYGB.METHODS Using the 2016–2021 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Improvement Program,data from 6526 patients(body mass index≥40 kg/m^(2))who underwent RYGB were analyzed.A backward elimination multivariate analysis identified predictors of VTE characterized by pulmonary embolism and/or deep venous thrombosis within 30 d of RYGB.The resultant risk scores were derived from the coefficients of statistically significant variables.The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating curves through 5-fold cross-validation.RESULTS Of the 26 initial variables,six predictors were identified.These included a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a regression coefficient(Coef)of 2.54(P7%(Coef 1.19,P<0.001),venous stasis history(Coef 1.43,P<0.001),and preoperative anticoagulation use(Coef 1.24,P<0.001).These variables were weighted according to their regression coefficients in an algorithm that was generated for the model predicting 30-d VTE risk post-RYGB.The risk model's area under the curve(AUC)was 0.79[95%confidence interval(CI):0.63-0.81],showing good discriminatory power,achieving a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.91.Without training,the same model performed satisfactorily in patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

关键词： Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Venous thromboembolism Machine learning Bariatric surgery Predictive modeling

Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 62-75页

作者： Faisal Inayat Pratik Patel Hassam Ali Arslan Afzal Hamza tahir Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rizwan Ishtiaq Attiq Ur Rehman Kishan Darji Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Alexa Giammarino Sanjaya K Satapathy Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Division of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityPort JeffersonNY 11777United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Einstein HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Internal Medicine Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States Division of Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine Campbell University and Cape Fear Valley Medical CenterFayettevilleNC 28301United States Department of Internal Medicine North Shore University Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityManhassetNY 11030United States Division of Hepatology North Shore University Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityManhassetNY 11030United States

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.It could lead to higher rates of inpatient complications and mortality in this patient population.However,studies on COVID-19 outcomes in liver transplant(LT)recipients have yielded inconsistent findings.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-related outcomes among LT recipients in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019–2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Patients with primary LT hospitalizations and a secondary COVID-19 diagnosis were identified using the International Classi-fication of Diseases,Tenth Revision coding system.The primary outcomes included trends in LT hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Secondary outcomes included comparative trends in inpatient mortality and transplant rejection in LT recipients.RESULTS A total of 15720 hospitalized LT recipients were included.Approximately 0.8%of patients had a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.In both cohorts,the median admission age was 57 years.The linear trends for LT hospitalizations did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic(P=0.84).The frequency of in-hospital mortality for LT recipients increased from 1.7%to 4.4%between January 2019 and December 2020.Compared to the pre-pandemic period,a higher association was noted between LT recipients and in-hospital mortality during the pandemic,with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.69[95%confidence interval(CI):1.55-1.84),P<0.001].The frequency of transplant rejections among hospitalized LT recipients increased from 0.2%to 3.6%between January 2019 and December 2020.LT hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher association with transplant rejection than before the pande

关键词： Liver transplant recipients Solid organ transplantation COVID-19 Hospitalization Transplant rejection Mortality