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Affordable Water Filtration Technology for Disinfection By-Product Control for Small Rural Communities by Using Carbon Extracted from Local Fly Ash

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 148-168页

作者： He Zhang tahir husain Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s NL Canada

The fly ash generated from local pulp and paper industries was transformed into activated carbon (AC) through physical activation process in a high temperature tube furnace in this study. Effects of two factors including activation temperature and activation time were investigated. Iodine number (IN), methylene blue value (MBV), and surface microstructure were all analyzed to assess the adsorption capacity of different carbon samples. The surface area of the carbon sample increased significantly from 486.44 m2/g to 847.26 m2/g before and after activation. The jar tests revealed that the use of 0.5 g (AC)/L (water) has the highest adsorption effectiveness. Meanwhile, the column filtration experiment indicated more than 60% of the organic matter can be removed by the carbon barrier within 2 hours filtration. The follow-up chlorination experiment illustrated that the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) could be considerably prevented after filtration. Above all, the cost-effective carbon filtration technology developed in this study can potentially be applied as a pre-treatment technology for intake source waters for local communities.

关键词： Activated Carbon Filtration Column Washing Drinking Water Treatment Waste Management

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Studying the Effect of Different Gas-Phase Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms on the Formation of Oxidants, Nitrogen Compounds and Ozone in Arid Regions

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第8期10卷 1006-1031页

作者： Mohammed Mujtaba Shareef tahir husain Badr Alharbi Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial Universityof Newfoundland St. John’s NL Canada King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia

CMAQ was implemented in the central region of Saudi Arabia and the effect of simulating models using various chemical mechanisms on selected oxidants, nitrogen species, and O3 was investigated. CB05TUCL predicted OH, MEPX, and NOz about 7%, 7.7%, and 8% more than CB05E51 respectively;however, there was no observable difference in the O3 predictions. The differences in variations of SAPRC07 mechanism (SAPRC07TB, SAPRC07TC, and SAPRC07TIC) for all parameters were less than 1%. RACM2 produced the highest OH and H2O2 concentrations. RACM2 enhanced OH production in the range of 24% - 32% and H2O2 by 9% over other mechanisms;these are comparatively less than the findings of other studies. Similarly, CB05 produced over 40% more PAN concentration than CB05. Moreover, PAN concentrations produced by all mechanisms were very high compared to other studies. SAPRC07 produced approximately 3% more mean surface O3 concentration than RACM2 and approximately 10% more than CB05. RACM2 O3 predictions were higher than CB05 by 7%. The predicted O3 concentrations by CB05, RACM2, and SAPRC07 were 6%, 11%, and 15% more than the average observed concentrations, which indicate that closest predictions to the observed values were by CB05. This study concludes that there is a wide variation of mechanisms with respect to the predictions of oxidants and nitrogen compounds;however, less variation is noticed in predictions of O3. For any air pollution control strategies and photochemical modeling studies in the current region or in any other arid regions, the CB05 mechanism is recommended.

关键词： Air Quality Modeling Photochemical Mechanisms Ozone Riyadh Arid CMAQ

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Optimization of Air Quality Monitoring Network Using GIS Based Interpolation Techniques

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 895-911页

作者： Mohammed M. Shareef tahir husain Badr Alharbi Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University St. John’s Canada National Center for Environmental Technology King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This paper proposes a simple method of optimizing Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN) using Geographical Information System (GIS), interpolation techniques and historical data. Existing air quality stations are systematically eliminated and the missing data are filled in using the most appropriate interpolation technique. The interpolated data are then compared with the observed data. Pre-defined performance measures root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (r) were used to check the accuracy of the interpolated data. An algorithm was developed in GIS environment and the process was simulated for several sets of measurements conducted in different locations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This methodology proves to be useful to the decision makers to find optimal numbers of stations that are needed without compromising the coverage of the concentrations across the study area.

关键词： Air Quality Monitoring Network GIS Interpolation Kriging IDW Riyadh

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