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The Cellulolytic Bacteria <i>R. albus</i>for Improving the Efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cell

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2018年第2期8卷 36-46页

作者： Rebecca Chung Diane J. Moon Yoo Na Chang David S. Chung taekwon kong Justin Kim Centreville High School Clifton VA USA The Gwinnett School of Mathematics Science and Technology Lawrenceville GA USA Korean Minjok Leadership Academy Gangwon-do Korea School of Arts and Sciences Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Chemistry College of Arts & Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO USA School of Art & Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs;with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Cellulolytic Bacteria Microorganism R. albus

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A Retrospective Study of Directed Blood Donations in the Kasungu District of Malawi

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2018年第4期8卷 74-82页

作者： David S. Chung Fenjun Shen Sumin Lee taekwon kong Jonathan Ko Jin Young Choe Sang Min Lee George Talama School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UC Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA Department of Human Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO USA School of Arts and Sciences NYU Yew York NY USA Seoul International School Seongnam South Korea La Canada High School La Canada CA USA Kasungu District Hospital Kasungu Malawi

Since the discovery of blood circulation and transfusion, there has been an insatiable demand for voluntary blood donations throughout the world. However, gathering blood donors has never been easy because eligible donors constitute only a fraction of the general population and are often reluctant to donate. This is especially challenging in underprivileged countries of sub-Saharan Africa such as Malawi whose nationally run blood transfusion service struggles to maintain hospital blood banks. As a result, hospitals turn to their local communities for directed donations. A retrospective analysis from January 2014 to June 2016 of directed blood donor data from two hospitals in the Kasungu District of Malawi was conducted. The analysis of 2134 donations was carried out with respect to sex, age, hemoglobin concentration, blood group, and presence of transfusion-transmissible infections. On average, donors were 30 years of age and predominately male. Blood group O+ constituted more than half of all directed blood donations. Ultimately, about one third of donations were unable to be utilized for transfusion.

关键词： Blood Type Blood Donor Data Malawi

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