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Three-dimensional coherent X-ray diffraction imaging via deep convolutional neural networks

npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1592-1599页

作者： Longlong Wu Shinjae Yoo Ana F.Suzana tadesse a.assefa Jiecheng Diao Ross J.Harder Wonsuk Cha Ian K.Robinson Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryCaliforniaUSA London Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondonUK Advanced Photon Source ArgonneILUSA

As a critical component of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging(CDI),phase retrieval has been extensively applied in X-ray structural science to recover the 3D morphological information inside measured *** meeting all the oversampling requirements of Sayre and Shannon,current phase retrieval approaches still have trouble achieving a unique inversion of experimental data in the presence of ***,we propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating a 3D Machine Learning(ML)model combining(optional)supervised learning with transfer *** trained ML model can rapidly provide an immediate result with high accuracy which could benefit real-time experiments,and the predicted result can be further refined with transfer *** significantly,the proposed ML model can be used without any prior training to learn the missing phases of an image based on minimization of an appropriate‘loss function’*** demonstrate significantly improved performance with experimental Bragg CDI data over traditional iterative phase retrieval algorithms.

关键词： coherent convolution overcome

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Livestock Feed Marketing in Ethiopia： Challenges and Opportunities for Livestock Development

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第2期4卷 155-168页

作者： Mesfin Dejene Seyoum Bediye Dawit Alemu Getu Kitaw Aemiro Kehaliw Getnet assefa Getaw tadesse QAAFI Centre for Animal Science (CAS) the University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Australia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Holetta Research Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Addis Ababa Ethiopia International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia

This paper presents the feed marketing systems of Ethiopia in terms of feed demand and supply, feed quality issues, feed prices and price trends based on qualitative data generated through rapid market appraisal methodology. The results indicate that, the demand for roughages, agro-industrial by-products （AIBP） and compound feeds is showing increasing trend. The use of feed from commercial sources is, however, very limited due to shortage of feed supply and inefficient marketing system. The AIBP mainly from flour and grind mills, oil processing plants and breweries are in short supply and directly marketed to user or through traders. Consequently, most of the exiting feed mixers/processing enterprises are operating under capacity estimated at about 20%-30%. The main marketed roughages, which are mainly cereal straws and baled hay, are also in short supply. Feed prices are increasing from time to time and mainly exacerbated by the increasing trend in export market of AIBP and double taxation in mixed rations. There is no any feed quality control or assurance mechanism in Ethiopia. Precaution needs to be taken in the area of taxation in order to avoid double taxation. Implications to improve the feed marketing systems and opportunities for livestock development are drawn.

关键词： Agro-industries by-products concentrate mixtures crop residues quality control taxation.

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Invasion and impacts of Xanthium strumarium in Borena Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第8期5卷 350-355页

作者： Nigussie Seboka tadesse Amare Seifu assefa Manaye Misganaw Motbaynor Edget Merawi Betsiha Ashenafi Ayenew Hailu Girum Faris Beyene Tesfaye Bekele Hordofa Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute Genetic Resource Access and Benefit Sharing DirectorateAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective: To assess the impacts, mode of entry, trends, status, distribution and management practices of Xanthium strumarium (X. strumarium) in Borena Zone of Oromia Region. Methods: Four study districts and eight kebeles (peasant associations) were purposively selected based on distribution level and data from agricultural offices. Then, randomly, eight key informants were selected from each kebele. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: All respondents (100%) acknowledged that X. strumarium highly invaded the study area and its spread was increasing both in time and space. According to respondents, X. strumarium was introduced to the area mainly along with improved seed varieties, food aid, flood, animals and vehicles, and easily dispersed by clinging to animal hides and human clothing. In the past time, X. strumarium caused high level of damage on native biodiversity and thus respondents worried that this might continue in the future. Similarly, respondents (98.4%) stated that X. strumarium was out of control in the study area and they recommended further investigation by concerned body to control the spread. Conclusions: In conclusion, X. strumarium is spreading rapidly in the study area by threatening native biodiversity and adversely affecting agroeconomy of the farmers and the country. Therefore, it needs the effort of all concerned bodies to control the impacts.

关键词： Xanthium strumarium Invasive Biodiversity Impact

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