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Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 944-947页

作者： Tetsuya Akaishi Toshiyuki Takahashi Ichiro Nakashima Michiaki Abe Masashi Aoki Tadashi Ishii Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National HospitalYonezawaJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan

Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial cells.The pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.However,osmotic pressure- related factors have not been studied until now.In this prospective observational study,to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological conditions.Serum osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/kg.Because the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007,respectively,the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e.,290.5–291.5 mOsm/L).There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality,but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality,serum electrolyte levels,protein levels,or quotient of albumin.In conclusion,CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum osmolarity.Osmolarity is not one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.Other factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain parenchyma.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval No.IRB No.2015-1-257) on July 29,2015.

关键词： brain parenchyma bulk flow cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmolarity osmotic pressure

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Clinical differentiation of acute appendicitis and right colonic diverticulitis: A case-control study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第12期7卷 1393-1402页

作者： Yosuke Sasaki Fumiya Komatsu Naoyasu Kashima Takahiro Sato Ikutaka Takemoto Sho Kijima tadashi Maeda Takamasa ishii Taito Miyazaki Yoshiko Honda Nagato Shimada Yoshihisa Urita Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care Toho University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND Acute right colonic diverticulitis (ARCD) is an important differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) in Asian countries because of the unusually high prevalence of right colonic diverticula. Due to qualitative improvement and the high penetration rate of computed tomography (CT) scanning in Japan, differentiation of ARCD and AA mainly depends on this modality. But cost, limited availability, and concern for radiation exposure make CT scanning problematic. Differential findings of ARCD from AA are based on several small studies that used univariate comparisons from Korea and Taiwan. Previous studies on clinical and laboratory differences between AA and ARCD are limited. AIM To determine clinical differences between AA and ARCD for differentiation of these two diagnoses by creating a logistic regression model. METHODS We performed an exploratory single-center retrospective case-control study evaluating 369 Japanese patients (age ≥ 16 years), 236 (64.0%) with AA and 133 (36.0%) with ARCD, who were hospitalized between 2012 and 2016. Diagnoses were confirmed by CT images. We compared age, sex, onset-to-visit interval, epigastric/periumbilical pain, right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, medical history, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, RLQ tenderness, peritoneal signs, leukocyte count, and levels of serum creatinine, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum alanine aminotrans-ferase. We subsequently performed logistic regression analysis for differentiating AA from ARCD based on the results of the univariate analyses.RESULTS In the AA and ARCD groups, median ages were 35.5 and 41.0 years, respectively (p=0.011);median onset-to-visit intervals were 1 [interquartile range (IQR): 0-1] and 2 (IQR: 1-3) days, respectively (P < 0.001);median leukocyte counts were 12600 and 11500/mm3, respectively (P = 0.002);and median CRP levels were 1.1 (IQR: 0.2-4.1) and 4.9 (IQR: 2.9-8.5) mg/dL, respectively (P < 0.001). In the logistic regression model, odds ratios (ORs) w

关键词： Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Appendicitis Clinical difference Creactive protein Diverticulitis Right lower quadrant pain

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Electrocautery vs non-electrocautery dilation catheters in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic fluid collection drainage

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第13期8卷 458-465页

作者： Katsuya Kitamura Akira Yamamiya Yu ishii Tomohiro Nomoto tadashi Honma Hitoshi Yoshida Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the safety and utility of an electrocautery dilation catheter for endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)-guided pancreatic fluid collection drainage.METHODS: A single-center, exploratory, retrospective study was conducted between August 2010 and August 2014. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of our institution. Informed, written consent was obtained from each patient prior to the procedure. The subjects included 28 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-guided transmural drainage(EUS-TD) for symptomatic pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections(PFCs) by fine needle aspiration using a 19-gauge needle. These patients were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the use of an electrocautery dilation catheter as a fistula dilation device; 15 patients were treated with an electrocautery dilation catheter(electrocautery group), and 13 patients were treated with a non-electrocautery dilation catheter(non-electrocautery group). We evaluated the technical and clinical successes and the adverse events associated with EUS-TD for the treatment of PFCs between the two groups.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, type, location and diameter of PFCs between the groups. Thirteen patients(87%) in the electrocauterygroup and 10 patients(77%) in the non-electrocautery group presented with infected PFCs. The technical success rates of EUS-TD for the treatment of PFCs were 100%(15/15) and 100%(13/13) for the electrocautery and the non-electrocautery groups, respectively. The clinical success rates of EUS-TD for the treatment of PFCs were 67%(10/15) and 69%(9/13) for the electrocautery and the non-electrocautery groups, respectively(P = 0.794). The procedure time of EUS-TD for the treatment of PFCs in the electrocautery group was significantly shorter than that of the non-electrocautery group(mean ± SD: 30 ± 12 min vs 52 ± 20 min, P < 0.001). Adverse events associated with EUS-TD for the treatment of PFCs occurred in 0 patients and 1 patient for the electrocautery

关键词： Electrocautery dilation catheter Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transmural drainage Fistula dilation device Pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collection Procedure time

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Research exploring greenhouse environment control over the last 50 years

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第5期12卷 1-7页

作者： tadashi Takakura NARO Institute for Rural Engineering TsukubaIbaraki 305-8609Japan

Environments do not exist in isolation.Their main components in greenhouse systems are plants.Without consideration of plants,analysis of greenhouse environments and environmental control of greenhouses can be accomplished,although it is not simple to achieve.Initial attempts were undertaken to analyze greenhouse environments and then reproduce them.Ventilation rate effects on plant photosynthesis in a growth chamber were reported in 1966.Computer simulations then became a main subject of research.The first dynamic computer simulation of a greenhouse environment including plants was published in 1971.According to innovations of computer technology,the use of minicomputers and microcomputers spread in many areas.By measuring the net photosynthesis of lettuce plants grown under artificial lighting,air temperature was optimized using a minicomputer with the hill-climbing method.The method was designated as the Speaking Plant Approach to environment control(SPA).After the author developed the first reported environmental control system in Japan,systems using microcomputers spread widely for greenhouse environmental control.Knowledge-based expert systems were tested for plant management.Also,a machine vision system was developed to detect critical moments for watering of muskmelon plants.The first feed-forward control method for greenhouses with a large heat mass was reported.Then space farming was tested in 1996 to assess gravity effects on plants.Energy-saving aspects such as solar sterilization,ground heat storage system,and storage using phase change material(PCM)have been reported.Defects of ordinary solarimeters were reported in 2008 along with an approach to estimate evapotranspiration in a greenhouse without the effect of so-called cosine law.Later,this technique was expanded to estimate photosynthesis of the plant canopy in a greenhouse using newly developed sensor units.

关键词： computer control evapotranspiration global and diffused solar radiation nondestructive and non-contact measurement photosynthesis SPA

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电脑数据库中10,000例连续胃组织标本的组织病理学研究:(2)恶性病变

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 54-58,I0003页

作者： tadashi Terada Department of Pathology Shizuoka City Shimizu HospitalShizuokaJapan

通过电脑数据库,作者对一家日本大型医院病理实验室2002-2013年间的10,000例连续胃组织标本进行组织病理学分析。所有组织切片被回顾性观察,这10,000例胃组织标本中良性病变8579例,恶性病变1421例。恶性病变中胃癌1342例(94.4%),胃肠间... 详细信息

通过电脑数据库,作者对一家日本大型医院病理实验室2002-2013年间的10,000例连续胃组织标本进行组织病理学分析。所有组织切片被回顾性观察,这10,000例胃组织标本中良性病变8579例,恶性病变1421例。恶性病变中胃癌1342例(94.4%),胃肠间质瘤(GIST)34例(2.4%),黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤25例(1.8%),非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤19例(1.3%),转移癌1例(0.1%)。在1342例胃癌中,管状腺癌755例,乳头状腺癌176例,黏液腺癌147例,印戒细胞癌145例,低/未分化腺癌114例,腺鳞癌4例,转移性肺小细胞癌1例。在手术切除标本中,早期胃癌258例,进展期胃癌521例。在34例GIST中,2例为上皮细胞型,32例为梭形细胞型;GIST大小为1-15 cm,平均5.6 cm;KIT(CD117)表达均为阳性,CD34阳性31例,desmin阳性2例,S100阳性4例。6例GIST进行了基因检测,均显示KIT和/或PDGFRA点突变。在25例MALT淋巴瘤中均可见到中心细胞样细胞和淋巴上皮病变;92%的病变可发现幽门螺杆菌感染。在19例非霍奇金淋巴瘤中,17例为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,1例为外周T细胞淋巴瘤,1例为NK细胞淋巴瘤。

关键词：胃恶性病变细胞病理学

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Histopathological study using computer database of 10000 consecutive gastric specimens:(1)benign conditions

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第3期3卷 238-242页

作者： tadashi Terada Department of Pathology Shizuoka City Shimizu HospitalShizuokaJapan

Using a computer database,the author investigated the histopathology of 10000 consecutive gastric specimens,taken in the last 12 years(2002-2013)at the pathology laboratory of a Japanese hospital.Re-observation of the already examined histological sections was done when the histological diagnosis and findings on the computer data base were not very obvious.The gastric specimens were identified as 8579 benign conditions and 1421 malignant lesions.The 8579 benign conditions were comprised almost normal stomach in 74 cases(0.9%),chronic gastritis in 4374(51.0%),benign gastric peptic ulcer in 2195(25.6%),foveolar hyperplastic polyp in 1004(11.7%),fundic gland polyp in 421(4.9%),adenoma in 487(5.6%),heterotopic pancreas in 9(0.1%),pancreatic acinar metaplasia(PAM)in 8(0.1%),and amyloidosis in 7(0.1%).Chronic gastritis showed lymphocytic infiltration and frequently showed erosions and intestinal metaplasia.Gastric peptic ulcer showed exudate,necrosis,active inflammation,and regenerative atypia of the epithelium.Foveolar hyperplastic polyp revealed 23 malignant changes and frequently showed dysplastic glands and intestinal metaplasia.Fundic gland polyp demonstrated cystic dilations of fundic gland ducts.Gastric adenoma showed adenomatous proliferation in the superficial mucosa and cystic dilation of the epitheliumunder the adenoma.Heterotopic pancreas was located in the submucosa and consisted of acinar cells,ducts,and occasionally islets.PAM was a tiny lesion in the mucosa and consisted of only pancreatic acinar cells.Amyloidosis was primary amyloidosis with positive reaction with Congo-red stain.

关键词： stomach benign lesions histopathology

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Stool antigen tests for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8188-8191页

作者： tadashi Shimoyama Department of Gastroenterology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki 036-8562Japan

Stool antigen tests(SATs)are noninvasive diagnostic modules for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.Two types of SATs exist for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection,one based on enzyme immunoassay(EIA)and another on immunochromatography(ICA).SATs do not require expensive chemical agents or specified equipment;hence,they are less expensive compared with the urea breath test.Both European and Japanese guidelines have shown that EIA-based SATs using monoclonal antibodies are useful for primary diagnosis as well as for the assessment of eradication therapy.ICA-based tests do not require particular equipment and are therefore useful in developing countries.SATs are also useful for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection in children and post gastric surgery patients.SATs performed via EIA can assess H.pylori infection in a large number of subjects,almost as well as serology.Thus,SATs would be useful or detecting current infection in such a survey to identify and eradicate H.pylori infection.The accuracy of SATs is lower when the stool samples are unformed or watery,because H.pylorispecific antigens in the stool samples are diluted.Temperature and the interval between stool sample collection and measurement also affect the results of SATs.The choice of test kit depends on the sensitivity and specificity in each region and the circumstances of each patient.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Stool antigen test Diagnosis Enzyme immunoassay Immunochromatography

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温轧细化亚晶7475铝合金板材的力学性能(英文)

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第7期24卷 2187-2195页

作者： Hiroki TANAKA tadashi MINODA Research and Development Center Sumitomo Light Metal Ind. Ltd.

研究了温轧下过渡元素对7475铝合金板材晶粒细化的影响。经350°C温轧、480°C固溶热处理后,用Zr代替Cr的7475铝合金具有稳定亚晶超细组织;平均亚晶直径接近3μm。结果表明,溶液中的Zr能稳定亚晶是因为温轧中析出了细小的Al3Zr粒子;另... 详细信息

研究了温轧下过渡元素对7475铝合金板材晶粒细化的影响。经350°C温轧、480°C固溶热处理后,用Zr代替Cr的7475铝合金具有稳定亚晶超细组织;平均亚晶直径接近3μm。结果表明,溶液中的Zr能稳定亚晶是因为温轧中析出了细小的Al3Zr粒子;另一方面,含Cr粒子化合物在温轧之前析出,并且在温轧过程中会变粗大。与传统冷轧7475铝合金板材相比,温轧细化亚晶板材具有独特的性能。固溶处理后的温轧板材,在厚度截面的亚晶组织具有高比例小于15°的小角度晶界;温轧T6态合金板材的强度高于传统7475铝合金板材强度10%。温轧铝合金板材最显著的特点是,在与轧制方向呈45°时高Lankford(r)值为3.5,而其平均Lankford(r)值为2.2。高Lankford(r)值有利于组织演变为β-fiber织构,特别是强{011}?211?黄铜部分。同时,温轧板材也具有高的抗应力腐蚀开裂性能(SCC)。根据Kikuchi线和透射电镜分析,温轧T6板材形成的小角度晶界导致无沉淀析出带(PFZs)难以形成,这是导致抗应力腐蚀开裂性能提高的重要因素,其原因是晶界和晶内的电化学性能存在差异。

关键词：温轧 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 晶粒细化应力腐蚀开裂

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Spurious-mode vibrations caused by alternating current poling and their solution process for Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3) single crystals

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第1期8卷 96-103页

作者： Yiqin Sun Tomoaki Karaki tadashi Fujii Yohachi John Yamashita Department of Intelligent Robotics Toyama Prefectural UniversityImizu9390398ToyamaJapan Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695-7910USA

The effects of alternating current poling(ACP)at 80℃on electrical properties of[001]-oriented 0.72 Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-0.28PbTiO_(3)(PMN-28PT)single crystals(SCs)have been investigated.The square-wave ACP SCs poled at high voltage(HV,5 kV_(rms)/cm)occasionally showed large fluctuations and low opposite values of piezoelectric coefficient(d_(33)=±1370 pC/N)in one plate.This revealed spuriousmode vibrations(SMV)of impedance spectrum.However,after depolarizing and repolarizing the sample with a sine-wave ACP at low voltage(LV,3.5 kV_(rms)/cm),the d_(33) enhanced to be 1720 pC/N(+26%)and did not exhibit large fluctuation or opposite values in one plate any more.The impedance spectrum became clean and the abnormal SMV disappeared.We proposed four possible mechanisms of the SMV,and speculate that the main cause maybe by macro-scale sub-domain structure and/or phase change in the main domain structure and/or phase in the SC plate due to the specific poling conditions not eternal mechanical damage of PMN-PT SCs.This study will be useful to realize a high d_(33) and improve other properties of PMN-PT ACP SC ultrasonic transducers without any SMV for high-frequency medical imaging equipment.

关键词： Alternating current poling Ferroelectric single crystal Ultrasonic transducer Spurious mode vibration Piezoelectric property

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Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus:Report of two cases with immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of KIT and PDGFRA

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第21期15卷 2679-2683页

作者： tadashi Terada Department of Pathology Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital

The author reports herein two cases of amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus.Case 1 is an 87-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of nausea and vomiting.Endoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated tumor of the distal esophagus,and a biopsy was taken.The biopsy showed malignant polygonal and spindle cells.No melanin pigment was recognized.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were positive for melanosome(HMB45),S100 protein,KIT and Platelet derived growth factor receptor-α(PDG-FRA).The patient was treated by chemotherapy and radiation,but died of systemic metastasis 12 mo after the presentation.Case 2 is a 56-year-old man presenting with dysphagia.Endoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor in the middle esophagus,and a biopsy was obtained.The biopsy showed malignant spindle cells without melanin pigment.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were positively labeled for melanosome,S100 protein,KIT and PDGFRA.The patient refused operation,and was treated by palliative chemotherapy and radiation.He died of metastasis 7 mo after the admission.In both cases,molecular genetic analyses of KIT gene(exons 9,11,13 and 17) and PDGFRA gene(exons 12 and 18) were performed by the PCR direct sequencing method,which showed no mutations of KIT and PDGFRA genes.This is the first report of esophageal malignant melanoma with an examination of the expression of KIT and PDGFRA and the mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA genes.

关键词：恶性黑色素瘤免疫组织化学分子遗传学食道素性创新 S100蛋白肿瘤细胞

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