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Influence of Different Sterilization Conditions on the Growth and Exopolysaccharide of Streptococcus thermophilusand Co-Cultivation with Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp. bulgaricusOLL1073R-1

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第11期5卷 760-767页

作者： Junko Nishimura Seiya Makino Katsunori Kimura Emiko Isogai tadao saito Laboratory of Nutrition and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hachinohe Institute of Technology Hachinohe Japan Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan Food Science Research Labs. Meiji Co. Ltd. Odawara Japan Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

The sterilization conditions between experiment and dairy industrial level are different and concern about influence on product’s qualities. In this study, the fermentation properties of Streptococcus thermophilus, alone and in combination with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, were evaluated in skim milk that had been subjected to distinct sterilization conditions. Growth, organic acid generation, and EPS production were determined using pasteurized or autoclaved milk. When S. thermophilus was cultivated in pasteurized skim milk, the growth was strain-dependent. On the other hand, growth of S. thermophilus was accelerated in autoclaved milk. Exocellular polysaccharide (EPS) production by L. bulgaricus was not affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains. Thus, we observed that yogurt fermented by L. bulgaricus was minimally affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains;growth of L. bulgaricus was maintained under the constant environment. These results should facilitate the development of fermented milk produced from L. bulgaricus in the dairy industry.

关键词： Streptococcus thermophilus Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Sterilization Formic Acid Exopolysaccharide

Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutansand Related Bacteria

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 208-215页

作者： Junko Nishimura tadao saito Hiroshi Yoneyama Lan Lan Bai Kazuhiko Okumura Emiko Isogai Department of Oral Surgery Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Caries is a disease of human dentition characterized by the loss of mineralized surfaces of the tooth;it is an infectious disease of the oral cavity in which biofilms play a causative role. Control of biofilms has traditionally relied on non-specific removal of plaque by mechanical means such as brushing, although it is difficult to remove biofilms by this method. Caries is also a widespread infection in children. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are important causative agents of caries. They produce a homologous exocellular polysaccharide called glucan, which strongly adheres to the enamel surface. This is a review of oral microbial biofilm formation by S. mutans and other related bacteria.

关键词： Caries Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sobrinus Biofilm Exocellular Polysaccharide Glucan Glucosyltransferase

Quantitative Microbiological Evaluation of SalmonellaTyphimurium Shed in Diarrhea, Loose, and Normal Stools of Infected Pigs

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第4期4卷 58-66页

作者： Tsuyoshi Tanaka Yasuo Imai Naosuke Kumagae Takashi Sasaki Narutoshi Ochiai Katsuyoshi Uruno Haruki Kitazawa tadao saito Shizuo Sato Food and Feed Immunology Group Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aobaku Sendai Miyagi Japan JA Zen-Noh (National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations) Institute of Animal Health 7 Ohja-machi Sakura Chiba Japan

Control of within-herd transmission of Salmonella is important for reducing the prevalence of this organism on pig farms and for preventing Salmonella-contamination of pork. At the farm level, understanding the within-herd transmission of Salmonella can lead to more effective control. Salmonella infection is dependent on the inoculation dose;hence, quantitative evaluation of Salmonella shed in feces would provide useful information for developing effective measures. In this study, to reproduce and evaluate the number of Salmonella shed in diarrhea, loose stools, and normal feces, weaned pigs were inoculated with 3.2 × 109, 3.2 × 107, and 3.2 × 105 cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium, respectively. The number of S. Typhimurium shed in the feces peaked within 1 week post-inoculation in every group and the most amount of diarrhea and loose stools were observed within 2 weeks post-inoculation. Diarrhea occurred 10 times (six pigs), and loose stools were observed 25 times (11 pigs). The average concentration of S. Typhimurium shed in diarrhea, loose stools, and normal feces was 1.0 × 108, 1.6 × 104, and 7.1 × 101 cfu/g feces, respectively. These data suggest that diarrhea and loose stools are significant sources of within-herd transmission of Salmonella. Moreover, as some of the normal feces contained >1.0 × 106 cfu/g of S. Typhimurium, even normal feces could be a source of within-herd transmission of Salmonella. At Salmonella-positive farms, reduction of the amount of Salmonella shed even in normal feces would lead to better control of within-herd transmission of Salmonella. These data can contribute to the control of within-herd transmission of Salmonella, particularly during the weaning period.

关键词： Fecal Shedding Quantitative Evaluation Salmonella Typhimurium Swine Transmission

Diversity of Microflora in Colonic Mucus from Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients Analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Clone Libraries of Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第13期4卷 857-870页

作者： I-Nung Huang Yuri Sato Mitsuo Sakamoto Moriya Ohkuma Shinobu Ohnuma Takeshi Naitoh Chikashi Shibata Akira Horii Junko Nishimura Haruki Kitazawa tadao saito Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Miyagi Japan Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Center Ibaraki Japan Department of Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan Department of Molecular Pathology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan

Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.

关键词： Ulcerative Colitis Microflora Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library

ARIMA Model’s Superiority over f-ARIMA Model

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ARIMA Model’s Superiority over f-ARIMA Model

Evaluation of the Immunoregulatory Capacities of Feed Microbial Materials in Porcine Intestinal Immune and Epithelial Cells

2000 International Conference on Communication Technology(WCC2000·ICCT2000)

作者： Yoshiyasu Takahashi Hitoshi Aida tadao saito saito-Aida Lab. Dept.of Info.and Comm.Eng.The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan

＜正＞In this paper we make it clear that the SRD model is better than the LRD model with timescale resolution over 60 seconds.The conclusion was derived from the following way.We used the real traffic data observed at our university’s router,which is the gateway to the Internet for approximately 1000 machines.Then we made the SRD and LRD models for the traffic data with various time-scale resolutions.In modeling we used the ARIMA and f-ARIMA model,which are well used models in many papers.To compare the SRD and MRD models,we used the AIC（Akaike’s Information Criterion）. The conclusion above derives the suggestion that it will be better not to use the f-ARIMA model in rough traffic simulations,which is opposite to the ideas believed widely so far.

关键词： ARIMA f-ARIMA SRD LRD AIC traffic modeling

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第3期4卷 15-28页

作者： Naosuke Kumagae Julio Villena Yohsuke Tomosada Hisakazu Kobayashi Paulraj Kanmani Hisashi Aso Takashi Sasaki Motohiko Yoshida Hiroshi Tanabe Isao Shibata tadao saito Haruki Kitazawa Cell Biology Laboratory Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Tokyo Japan Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET) Tucuman Argentina Food and Feed Immunology Group Tohoku University Sendai Japan Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Scientific Feed Laboratory Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

The establishment of drug-free feeding systems has been required for secure and healthy livestock production. Although functional feed materials containing microorganisms as alternatives to enhance intestinal immunity are expected to be beneficial for reducing diarrhoea caused by pathogens in weaned piglets, the effects of such materials on porcine intestinal cells have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this work evaluated the immunoregulatory functions of microbial feed materials in porcine intestinal immune and epithelial cells. Porcine immune cells isolated from Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were stimulated with six different feed materials containing microorganisms, and evaluated for lymphocyte mitogenicity and cytokine inductions. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with the materials before treatment with heat-killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and analyzed for the proinflammatory cytokine expressions. The material containing Bifidobacterium thermophilum significantly augmented lymphocytes’ mitogenicity and also induced a high expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in immune cells, and inhibited ETEC-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 via regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. These results suggest that this feed material stimulates intestinal epithelial and immune cells to exert immunoregulation, suggesting that this feed is expected to contribute to promoting the health of piglets without using antimicrobial feed materials.

关键词： Feed Microbial Material Immunoregulatory Effect Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes Porcine Immune Cells

Bifidobacteria Upregulate Expression of Toll-Like Receptor Negative Regulators Counteracting Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coliMediated Inflammation in Bovine Intestinal Epitheliocytes

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第2期3卷 143-155页

作者： Kozue Murata Julio Villena Yohsuke Tomosada Risa Hara Eriko Chiba Tomoyuki Shimazu Hisashi Aso Yoshihito Suda Noriyuki Iwabuchi Jin-Zhong Xiao tadao saito Haruki Kitazawa Food and Feed Immunology Group Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

We previously established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) and showed that BIE cells are useful in vitro model system for the study of interactions between pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms and bovine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In the present study, we aimed to select potential immunomodulatory bifidobacteria that may be used to beneficially modulate the inflammatory response in bovine IECs. We also aimed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria by evaluating the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR negative regulators in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines production and MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K pathways activation in BIE cells. Five bifidobacteria strains were evaluated in this study and according to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response of BIE cells. Despite the unique effect of each strain, four common points were found when comparing the effect of the high and moderate anti-inflammatory strains: 1) Upregulation of TLR negative regulators and the intensity of that upregulation was related to the different immunomodulatory capacity of each bifidobacteria strain;2) The balance between MAPK activation and MKP-1 upregulation affected the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells;3) The inhibition of PI3K pathway was related to the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria;4) The immunoregulatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells is partially dependent on TLR2. This study shows that BIE cells can be used for the selection of immunoregulatory bifidobacteria and for studying the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of immunobiotics against TLR4-induced inflammatory damage. In addition, we have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria was achieved by a complex interaction of multiple TLRs negative regulators as well as the inhibition/activation of multiple signaling pathways.

关键词： Bovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Bifidobacteria ETEC TLRs Negative Regulators

Production of the Blood Pressure Lowing Peptides from Brown Alga(Undaria pinnatifida)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2005年第3期4卷 209-213页

作者： Sato Minoru Oba Takashi Hosokawa Takao Yamaguchi Toshiyasu Nakano Toshiki saito tadao Muramoto Koji Kahara Takashi Funayama Katsura Kobayashi Akio Nakano Takahisa Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Aoba-Ku Sendai Miyagi 981-8555 JapanRiken Vitamin Co. Ltd. 2-9-18 Misaki-Cho Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 101-8370 JapanRiken Vitamin Co. Ltd. 2-9-18 Misaki-Cho Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 101-8370 JapanRiken Vitamin Co. Ltd. 2-9-18 Misaki-Cho Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 101-8370 JapanRiken Vitamin Co. Ltd. 2-9-18 Misaki-Cho Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 101-8370 Japan

Brown alga (Undaria pinnatifida) was treated with alginate lyase and hydrolyzed using 17 kinds of proteases andthe inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates for the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) was measured. Four hydrolysateswith potent ACE-inhibitory activity were administered singly and orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The sys-tolic blood pressure of SHRs decreases significantly after single oral administration of the brown alga hydrolysates by pro-tease S ’Amano’ (from Bacillus stearothermophilus) at the concentration of 10 (mg protein) (kg body weight)-1. In the 17weeks of feeding experiment, 7-week-old SHRs were fed standard diet supplemented with the brown alga hydrolysates for 10weeks. In SHRs fed 1.0 and 0.1% brown alga hydrolysates, elevating of systolic bloodpressure was significantly suppressedfor 7 weeks. To elucidate the active components, the brown alga hydrolysates were fractionated by 1-butanol extraction andHPLC on a reverse-phase column. Seven kinds of ACE-inhibitory peptides were isolated and identified by amino acid compo-sition analysis, sequence analysis, and LC-MS with the results Val-Tyr, Ile-Tyr, Ala-Trp, Phe-Tyr, Val-Trp, Ile-Trp, andLeu-Trp. Each peptide was determined to have an antihypertensive effect after a single oral administration in SHRs. Thebrown alga hydrolysates were also confirmed to decrease the blood pressure in humans.

关键词：海藻缩氨酸抗血压药物藻酸盐水解工艺

同时多重接续星形LAN中交换组件的电路结构及其界限速度

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兰州大学学报 1987年第4期 42-46页

作者：逯昭义齐藤忠夫兰州大学东京大学

交换组件(SWM)是同时多重接续星形 LAN 中心结的关键部件.本文报告了我们设计的该部件的电路构成,并且在该设计的部件的基础上分析了 SWM 的界限速度.本文指出:实现50Mbps 以上的动作速度的 SWM 是完全可能的.

关键词：多重星形 LAN 电路结构组件