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Exploring perspectives on antimicrobial stew.rdship:a qualitative study of health managers in Kenya

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 67-75页

作者： Samuel Mungai Mbugua George njoroge Caroline Kijogi Moses Kamita Rachel Kimani Peter Mw.ura Bibianne w.iganjo Aidi Jesse Gitaka Mount Kenya University ThikaKenya

Background:Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health concern w.th the establishment of antimicrobial stew.rdship in hospitals being increasingly *** and insights of health managers on antimicrobial stew.rdship(AMS),complementary health services and building blocks are imperative tow.rds implementation of robust AMS *** study aimed to understand perspectives of hospital managers on AMS and identify areas of management engagement w.ile addressing potential blockades to ***:A cross-sectional,qualitative,multicenter study w.s conducted in three hospitals in ***-informant interview. on perspectives on AMS w.re administered to hospital *** data w.s captured using audio tapes and field notes,transcribed and managed using NVivo 12 *** iterative process w.s used to develop the thematic framew.rk and updated in tw. rounds of iteration *** charts for each emergent theme w.re developed and categorized across all ***:Perspectives on AMS are described in five thematic categories;Importance of antimicrobial stew.rdship and the role of medicines and therapeutics committee,availability of antimicrobial formulary and usage surveillance systems,laboratory competency and recommendations for infection prevention and management,educational resources and communications channels available,building blocks and low.lying fruits for Antimicrobial Stew.rdship *** role of stew.rdship collaboration in diagnosis and antimicrobial prescription w.s alluded to w.th managers indicating a grow.ng rise in occurrence of antimicrobial *** lacked contextualized,hospital specific antimicrobial formulary and adequate laboratory *** training and communication channels w.re available in varying capacity across the three *** blocks identified include medicines and therapeutics committee,education,and training platforms(Continuous Medical Educati

关键词： Antimicrobial stew.rdship Antimicrobial resistance Building blocks/low.lying fruits

The Value of Rural Access Roads: The Case Study of Chepyuk and Mitira w.rds in Bungoma and Kirinyaga Counties

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2249-2266页

作者： Alfred Eshitera Law.ence Esho Casty Gataaka njoroge Yvone Balan Department of Spatial Planning and Design Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya DigiReg Nairobi Kenya

In this paper w. assess the impact of road netw.rk on rural regions development using a case study of Chepyuk and Mitira w.rds. The tw. case study areas w.re selected ow.ng to their comparable agro ecological conditions but different political orientation. The w.rds have identical agro economic activities due to their similarity in climatic and ecological conditions. Household incomes earned from agricultural enterprises and bid rent per unit area of land are used as indicators of development. The condition of road netw.rk is used as an indicator of accessing the rural regions in various seasons of the year. The study provides evidence of the economic advantages associated w.th better market access, primarily due to the good road infrastructure in Mitira compared to Chepyuk. The good road condition is advantageous to Mitira w.rd residents allow.ng them to access other markets hence improving the farm gate value of their products. On the other hand, the prices for Chepyuk products are cheap due to constrained market access necessitated by the poor road condition. For instance, the average price of a liter of milk in Chepyuk w.rd is Kshs.36.65 compared to Mitira w.ere it goes at Kh.55.08. It therefore implies in Chepyuk milk has to be sold at low.r price since access to alternative markets is constrained by poor road condition. The disparity in the road netw.rk quality has been occasioned by investment policy by both colonial and consecutive post-independence governments w.ich have given preference to the region w.ere Mitira region is located. This is against the constitutional requirement w.ich proposes an equalization fund for infrastructure development to regions lagging behind in terms of development.

关键词： Rural Areas Regional Development Road Netw.rk Kenya

Review. Advances in the CIGS Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

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Smart Grid and Renew.ble Energy 2022年第4期13卷 75-87页

作者： Phyllis Makena Mw.nda w.lter njoroge Sarroney Mirenga Dickson Mw.nda Kinyua Department of Physics Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Physical Sciences Meru University of Science and Technology Meru Kenya Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya

The copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) thin film is w.dely acknow.edged as the most promising material for photovoltaic applications. Mainly due to appealing chemical and physical structures properties, low.fabrication cost, high efficiency, and uncomplicated integration especially w.th the advancement in the use of the flexible substrate. Promising results have been achieved in CIGS-based solar cells in the last few.years and these devices could be key in unlocking the potential of green energy. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the parameters that are critical to improving the efficiency of these devices. Parameters such as doping concentration, thickness, substrates, and energy bandgap. In this review. w. comprehensively report on these parameters w.th an aim of show.ng the recent progress on the various methods used to optimize them, all geared tow.rds efficient and low.cost solar cells for PV applications.

关键词： CIGS Thin Films Photovoltaics Efficiency

Effect of ABCB1 C3435T Polymorphism on Clinical Outcomes in Kenyan HIV Patients on Lopinavir-Based Regimens

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第7期5卷 478-488页

作者： Kagia Richard Okalebo Faith Oluka Margaret njoroge Anne Bulimo w.llace Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy University of Nairobi Nairobi 00100 Kenya Department of Pharmacology Mount Kenya University Thika 00100 Kenya Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi 00202 Kenya US Army Medical Research Unit Nairobi 00621 Kenya

ATP Binding Cassette sub-family B member 1 （ABCB1） affects disposition of many drugs and thus affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs and ultimately treatment response. Polymorphisms of ABCB 1 especially ABCB 1 C3435T polymorphism may thus affect pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and hence CD4 treatment response and other clinical outcomes of HIV patients. Methods： The study design w.s a historical cohort study and entailed collection of patient data. PureLink genomic DNA extraction mini kit w.s used for the extraction and purification of genomic DNA. TaqMan drug genotyping assay and protocol w.s used in the DNA amplification and genotyping. Data analysis w.s done using STATA softw.re version 10. Results： Study participants w.th the CT genotype had low.r creatinine levels after 6 months on lopinavir-based regimens compared w.th those w.th the CC genotype （p = 0.001）. In addition, the study participants w.th the CT genotype had consistently higher CD4 cell counts compared w.th those w.th the CC genotype from the time of ART sw.tch but this w.s not statistically significant. How.ver, there w.s no significant association betw.en the ABCB 1 C3435T genotypes and haemoglobin and ALT levels. Conclusion： There w.s a significant association betw.en ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and creatinine levels 6 months after therapy on lopinavir-based regimens.

关键词： ABCB 1 C3435T polymorphism lopinavir-based regimens creatinine levels CD4 cell counts ALT.

Optimization of the Angle of Frog in Mouldboard Tillage Operations in Sandy Clay Soil

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Open Journal of Optimization 2015年第4期4卷 131-140页

作者： Angela Hiuhu Ayub njoroge Gitau Duncan Onyango Mbuge John Ndisya Mulw. Department of Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

This paper investigated the effect of three independent variables including: tillage speed (ranges of below.2.5 m/s and betw.en 2.5 m/s and 5 m/s), tillage depth (range of 10 cm from 0 cm to 30 cm) and frog angle (30° 40°, and 50°) on draught forces. The experimental w.rk w.s completed w.th determination of the draught forces using an analytical method (Saunders Equation). Numerical Simulation: Discrete Element Method (DEM) w.s used to verify the results obtained analytically. The results indicated that tillage depth has a stronger influence on the draught forces as compared to the tillage speed. Minimal draught forces can then be achieved through operating at shallow.tillage depth and maintaining a frog angle of 30°. The results show.d a variance of ±15.95% to the calculated values supporting DEM as a numerical method capable of predicting draft forces correctly, tillage pow.r optimization and determination of optimal frog angle for the mouldboard plough.

关键词： DEM EDEM Soil-Cut Interactions Modelling Tillage Draught

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鸟粪石炭质黏土复合材料对废水中Cu的去除

水处理技术 2021年第6期47卷 28-33页

作者： Murigi Peter njoroge 王学江李远夏四清赵建夫同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化国家重点实验室上海200092

使用一种沼液氮磷回收产物,鸟粪石炭质黏土复合材料(HMCC)对模拟废水中的Cu^(2+)离子进行钝化去除。结果表明,当溶液初始pH为5.0时,初始Cu^(2+)的质量浓度为60 mg/L,HMCC投加量为0.3 g/L时,其对Cu^(2+)的吸附量可达182.8 mg/g,对Cu2+的... 详细信息

使用一种沼液氮磷回收产物,鸟粪石炭质黏土复合材料(HMCC)对模拟废水中的Cu^(2+)离子进行钝化去除。结果表明,当溶液初始pH为5.0时,初始Cu^(2+)的质量浓度为60 mg/L,HMCC投加量为0.3 g/L时,其对Cu^(2+)的吸附量可达182.8 mg/g,对Cu2+的去除率可达93.04%。HMCC对Cu^(2+)的吸附符合准2级动力学模型,吸附表现为化学吸附;HMCC对Cu^(2+)的吸附Langmuir等温吸附模型(R2>0.9970),吸附表现为单层吸附,在25℃下,其Langmuir拟合所得最大吸附量可达186.2 mg/g。HMCC对废水中Cu^(2+)的去除机制主要包括化学沉淀、离子交换、表面络合及络合沉淀等。其中以化学沉淀为主。

关键词：鸟粪石生物炭膨润土重金属吸附

Optimizing the Performance of a Manually Operated Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Decorticator

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Open Journal of Optimization 2013年第1期2卷 26-32页

作者： A. N. Gitau P. Mboya B. N. K. njoroge M. Mburu Department of Civil and Construction Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Shelling of groundnut pods using manual decorticators in Kenya is characterized by high kernel breakages and low.shelling efficiencies. As a result, farmers get low.income due to low.cost of broken kernels and a lot of time is lost in the tedious shelling operation. To overcome this problem, pertinent parameters that influence shelling efficiency of manually operated groundnut decorticators w.re identified. Tw. manually operated decorticators w.re tested and modifications done on one of the decorticators to optimize its technical performance. Results of machine performance tests show.d that for w.S (w.oden beater sheller) at a feed rate of 30 kg/hr and 22.6 mm clearance, shelling efficiency increased w.th decrease in moisture content for all the groundnut varieties. The highest shelling efficiency w.s 55.3% for ICGV 99568, 39.2% for ICRISAT Groundnut Variety (ICGV) 90704 and 29% for ICGV 12991 at moisture content of 5.92% w.. For RBS (Rod beater sheller) at a feed rate of 30 kg/hr and 22.6 mm clearance, the highest shelling efficiency w.s 58.3% for ICGV 99568, 42.7% for ICGV 90704 and 35% for ICGV 12991 at moisture content of 7% w.. Identification of the pertinent parameters show.d that pod moisture content, clearance and sieve size influence performance of manually operated groundnut. Theoretical predictive models developed w.re optimized w.ich show.d that a maximum shelling efficiency of 88.73% can be achieved w.th percent damage of 4% w.en the sieve size is 11 mm and clearance is 16 mm w.th a regression coefficient of over 85%. w.th the modifications done on the w.S decorticator, the highest shelling efficiency of 87% w.s obtained at a clearance of 10 mm for ICGV 99568 w.ich is the largest in size from the three varieties. The shelling efficiency of the modified decorticator is far above those of the RBS and w.S because the sieve sizes and clearances of the later w.re not optimized. The results of the theoretical optimization of the manually operated groundnut de

关键词： Decorticator Shelling Efficiency Optimization Clearance Groundnut Varieties

基于MaxEnt模型模拟肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属植物的潜在分布及其在植物志中的应用初探

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植物科学学报 2020年第5期38卷 636-643页

作者：周亚东 Mw.ngi Brian njoroge Ndungu John Mbari 王生位胡光万王青锋中国科学院武汉植物园武汉430074 中国科学院中-非联合研究中心武汉430074 中国科学院大学北京100049

物种分布模型目前被广泛应用于生物学、生态学和保护生物学的各个领域。该文以肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属(Afrocanthium)为例,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟植物在当前气候情景下的潜在分布,并将这些分布图利用于正在编写的《肯尼亚植物志》中... 详细信息

物种分布模型目前被广泛应用于生物学、生态学和保护生物学的各个领域。该文以肯尼亚茜草科河骨木属(Afrocanthium)为例,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)模拟植物在当前气候情景下的潜在分布,并将这些分布图利用于正在编写的《肯尼亚植物志》中。结果显示,基于足够的原始标本记录,模型能够很好地模拟出每种植物的潜在分布区域。相比传统和新一代植物志仅提供标本信息点或是粗略分布图,《肯尼亚植物志》预采用的潜在分布图,将为志书使用者提供更加全面、实用的信息。

关键词：物种分布模型气候因子 MaxEnt模型肯尼亚植物志

Prevalence and Endoscopic Findings of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Dyspeptic Patients in Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第4期10卷 233-242页

作者： Catherine N. Mw.ngi Stephen njoroge Allan Rajula Ahmed Laving Rose Kamenw. Smita Devani Andrew.Nyerere Gunturu Revathi Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medicine Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic human infections w.rldw.de w.th the highest reported prevalence in Africa. It is associated w.th numerous upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gas... 详细信息

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic human infections worldwide with the highest reported prevalence in Africa. It is associated with numerous upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Endoscopic findings in the stomach usually associated with Helicobacter pylori infections include gastritis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), however, these findings are suggestive but not diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between January 2018 and February 2019 at the Aga Khan University Hospital where dyspeptic patients scheduled for gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled. These patients were evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urease test, culture and histopathology. Diagnostic findings and patient history collected from medical files were documented and data analyzed. Results: A total of 487 dyspeptic patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) w.re enrolled in the study and 199 dyspeptic patients w.re posi

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Dyspepsia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Histopathological Examination