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Impact of Removal of Copper Leaf (<i>Acalypha fruticosa</i>Forssk.) on Plant Species Diversity and Abundance at Chemeron, Baringo County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 341-355页

作者： George Morara Ogendi Rhoda N. Ondieki tabitha w. njoroge Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Njoro Kenya Dryland Research Training & Ecotourism Centre Chemeron Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Invasive plant species may significantly alter plant species community composition and structure thereby negatively impacting on ecosystem services. Their impacts on plant communities may be both direct and indirect. The direct effects may include a reduction in the abundance and diversity of palatable plant species that constitute important forage for livestock, w.ldlife, and medicines for the local communities. Declines in ecosystem resilience are of the notable indirect effects of invasive species. The aim of this study w.s to assess the impacts of a plant species, copper leaf (Acalypha fruticosa) on floral diversity and abundance at Chemeron, Baringo County in Kenya. The study w.s guided by three questions: w.at is the plant composition in terms of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees in the study area? Are there any variations in plant abundance betw.en the tw. sites (sites w.th and w.thout Acalypha fruticosa)? Are there variations in plant species diversity betw.en the tw. study sites? Tw. sites (one w.th A. fruticosa and another tw. w.thout this invasive species) w.re selected w.thin the Chemeron Research Centre. Tw. belt transects measuring 100 m × 20 m on each site w.re laid parallel to each other. Plant samples w.re collected from five 1 m × 1 m quadrats that w.re laid at intervals of 20 m. The plant species or specimens w.re identified to the species level using available taxonomic keys. Various indices including Shannon-w.ener (H’), Evenness Index, Richness Index and Simpson’s Index of Diversity Index (SDI) w.re calculated. All the diversity, richness and evenness indices w.re considerably higher in the site w.thout A. fruticosa compared to that w.ere this invasive species w.s present. Higher H’ (3.14 to 3.21) and SDI (0.93 to 0.94) values w.re noted in sites w.thout the invasive species compared to H’ (2.11 to 2.20) and SDI (0.77 to 0.85) in sites w.th A. fruticosa present. Out of the

关键词： Baringo Copper Leaf Diversity Indices Invasive Species Plant Diversity

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Factors Jeopardizing the Success of Public-private Partnership Projects in Kenya,Case Study of Roads and Railw.ys Infrastructure Investments

Factors Jeopardizing the Success of Public-private Partnersh...

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作者： njoroge Antony Njuguna 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

世界各国政府都面临着为其公民提供公共服务的压力,这些基础设施投资项目需要大量资金,在大多数情况下,特别发展中国家是无法获得缺口巨大的基础建设资金,因此,许多国家决定与私营部门合作提供公共服务。PPP模式,即政府和社会资本合作,... 详细信息

世界各国政府都面临着为其公民提供公共服务的压力,这些基础设施投资项目需要大量资金,在大多数情况下,特别发展中国家是无法获得缺口巨大的基础建设资金,因此,许多国家决定与私营部门合作提供公共服务。PPP模式,即政府和社会资本合作,是公共基础设施中的一种项目运作模式。目前在全球范围内,PPP模式在基础设施投资越来越受欢迎。PPP模式一项长期合同协议,私营实体按照合作合同在规定时间内提供公共服务,并由最终用户、公共部门或两者的混合体支付费用。私营部门按照订约政府当局提供的规范提供公共服务。肯尼亚采用在公路和铁路基础设施建设中采用了PPP模式,表明政府可以通过这种模式为该国提供高质量、高成本效益和交付及时的公共服务。然而,在某些情况下,PPP项目面临不能如期交付的风险。这些项目由于成本增加、无法满足合同文件中规定的要求和标准。本研究以肯尼亚国家公路和铁路基础设施投资PPP项目为案例研究,着重分析了这些PPP项目中的风险。本研究的目的是调查肯尼亚PPP项目伙伴关系的监管环境、影响肯尼亚PPP项目的经济因素、调查肯尼亚PPP项目采购过程以及阻碍肯尼亚PPP项目实施的因素。研究者采用描述性和个案研究的方法,对所研究的主题进行了完整的描述,其中选取了财政部、PPPU的30名受访者,对三个研究案例,即Thika高速公路、Nakuru-Nairobi公路和Garissa-Malindi公路,进行了调查问卷和实地研究。调查结果显示,调查对象的回答率为95.65%,所收到的调查问卷加上实地调查的数据足以进行数据分析。对收集的数据进行了分析,并以百分比、表格、频率和图表的形式进行统计。从调查数据中可以明显看出,许多在PPPU工作的调查对象都有经验和所需的学历,这些研究者寻求对PPP项目所面临挑战的回应。分析结果表明:经济因素、采购流程、监管环境和项目实施能力是影响肯尼亚公路和铁路PPP项目的主要风险因素。监管环境风险因素包括PPP项目政策和战略不切实际、政府的PPP项目政策和战略存在缺陷、法律制度框架薄弱和不足,以及政治上的不情愿等因素。分析结果还表明,这些风险因素之间存在较强的相关性,这意味着,其中某一个因素的影响将影响所有其他因素,从而导致整个项目失败。

关键词：政府和社会资本合作(PPP) 公路铁路合同授权私营部门经济效益

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Physical, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Properties of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds Grow. in Kenya

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 973-985页

作者： Pauline w. Ikumi Monica Mburu Daniel njoroge Nicholas Gikonyo Benjamin Musyimi Musingi Institute of Food and Bioresources Technology Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya National Phytotherapeutics Research Centre Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Animal Breeding and Genomics Group Department of Animal Sciences Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Egerton University Egerton Kenya

In the recent past, there has been an increased uptake of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) by consumers resulting in the increased adoption of chia farming, particularly in Kenya w.ereby most farmers are practising subsistence farming and a few.farming it commercially. The w.despread farming of chia seeds in Kenya translates to increased uptake at household level w.ile offering a niche for industrial processing of chia seeds necessitating the need for studies on physical, total phenolic and flavonoid properties of chia seeds grow. in Kenya. The physical, total phenolic and flavonoid properties of chia seeds from tw. chia planning seasons April to August 2019 and September to December 2019 w.re evaluated. The physical attributes (length, w.dth and thickness) w.re determined using a digital vernier calliper w.ile proximate components w.re determined using AOAC standard methods. The Quencher procedure w.s used to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Chia seeds revealed a length of 1.82 to 2.32 (mm), a w.dth of 1.15 to 1.31 (mm) and a thickness of 0.77 to 0.88 (mm). The percentage moisture content of chia seeds w.s 7.23 to 10.67, percentage of crude fat w.s 31.48 to 42.45, percentage of crude ash w.s 3.63 to 6.82, and percentage of crude fibre w.s 30.95 to 38.65 and percentage of crude protein w.s17.82 to 28.97. The total phenolic content observed for chia seeds w.s 0.73 to 0.87 mg GAE g-1 w.ile total flavonoid content w.s 0.39 to 0.57 mg GAE g-1. The proximate components of chia seeds varied significantly (p w.ile the physical properties, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents did not vary significantly.

关键词： Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds Properties

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Crystallization kinetics of Sn_(40)Se_(60) thin films for phase change memory applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 17-20页

作者： Joshua M.Kundu Patrick M.Karimi w.lter K.njoroge Department of Physics Kenyatta University

The crystallization kinetics of Sn4oSe6o thin films has been successfully investigated using sheet resis- tance versus temperature measurements. Thermal evaporation w.s used to deposit the films on ordinary glass sub- strates. The crystallization temperature for Sn4oSe60 thin film w.s found to be 156.6 -t- 0.3 ~C. In the as-deposited state, the sheet resistance w.s found to be 195 Mf2/[2, this value declined to 1560 f2/[2] upon annealing. The value of activation energy obtained from the Kissinger plot w.s 0.62 ＋ 0.07 eV. From the results obtained, SnaoSe60 is a promising alloy for PCM application because of its high electrical contrast, high crystallization temperature, and relatively high activation energy.

关键词： crystallization temperature activation energy electrical contrast phase change memory

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欧洲企业社会责任协会会员部主任Susan njoroge:欧洲CSR的2020战略

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w.O经济导刊 2010年第6期 57-58页

作者： Susan njoroge 欧洲企业社会责任协会会员部

对于企业社会责任，欧盟给予了持续的重视。2008年欧委会起草的《欧洲竞争力报告》将欧洲CSR提到很高的高度，指出如果企业想要发展，所有的CEO、总裁必须注意CSR，CSR可以帮助企业进行人力资源风险和商誉的管理。报告指出全球CSR的趋势... 详细信息

对于企业社会责任，欧盟给予了持续的重视。2008年欧委会起草的《欧洲竞争力报告》将欧洲CSR提到很高的高度，指出如果企业想要发展，所有的CEO、总裁必须注意CSR，CSR可以帮助企业进行人力资源风险和商誉的管理。报告指出全球CSR的趋势，CSR会带来很多创新的商业模式，并且会为应对社会和经济挑战带来很多新的解决方式。

关键词：企业社会责任 CSR Susan 欧洲协会会员部主任人力资源风险 2008年

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Preference and adoption of Farmer Field School (FFS) Prosopis juliflora management practices: Experiences in Baringo District, Kenya

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第4期14卷 283-290页

作者： Eunice njoroge Peter SIRMAH Francis MBURU Eric KOECH Mugo Mw.RE Josiah CHEPKw.NY School of Natural Resource Management Moi University School of Natural Resource Management Kabianga University

This research w.s carried out to evaluate the preference and adoption of harvesting, uprooting, stump burning, pruning and thinning practices for controlling the spread ofProsopisjuliflora （prosopis） w.thin Marigat Division of the Baringo District, Kenya. A survey methodology w.s employed using a random sample of 25 Farmer Field School （FFS） members and 5 non=FFS members from each of the five locations of Marigat Division. In total, 100 FFS members and 25 non-FFS members participated in the study; addi- tional supplementary data w.re collected from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute （KEFRI）, a major facilitator and trainer of the identified FFS activities and practices in the study area since 2004. More than 80% of the local community never undertook any form of prosopis management practice; how.ver, this changed after FFS training, indicating an acquisition and retention of know.edge w.ich probably diffused to the non-FFS counterparts, through either formal or informal w.ys. Harvesting w.s the most preferred （100%） and stump burning the least preferred （46%） practice of managing the spread of prosopis. The success and preference of any prosopis management practice w.s attributed to w.od and non-w.od benefits derived from prosopis and grow.ng of animal fodder and food crops on rehabilitated land. More than 80% of respondents attributed ineffectiveness of any prosopis management practice to coppicing and viable seed banks of the tree, w.ile 50% highlighted a lack of consistency and integration in carrying out manage- ment practices. The reported negative attitude tow.rds prosopis changed after training w.th none of the view.to eradicate it. Labor intensity and frequent regeneration of seedlings w.re identified as the major challenges faced during the implementation of proso- pis management practices. In conclusion, the study show. that harvesting, uprooting, stump burning, pruning and thinning realized through consistent holistic integration contribute to containi

关键词： Prosopisjuliflora Farmer Field School management practices Baringo Kenya

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Variation of morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits of tw. endemic species along the elevation gradient of Mount Kenya, East Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 785-792页

作者： Antony N.w.igw. Brian njoroge Mw.ngi Gituru R.w.hiti Fred Omengo Yadong Zhou Qingfeng w.ng Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center(SAJOREC) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyJujaNairobi 00200Kenya Department of Biodiversity Research Kenya Wildlife ServiceNairobi 00100Kenya Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center(SAJOREC) Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Aims The aim of this paper is to assess morphological and leaf stoichiometric responses of Dendrosenecio keniensis and Lobelia gregoriana to extreme environmental conditions along an elevation gradient in tropical *** In this study,w. assessed the variation of the morphological traits,including plant height,leaf area,leaf thickness,leaf dry w.ight,specific leaf area and the leaf stoichiometry traits nitrogen,carbon and phosphorous of the tw. endemic species *** and *** further explored the relations of these morphological traits to soil organic carbon,soil total nitrogen,soil phosphorous,annual mean temperature,annual mean precipitation,annual total solar radiation,w.ter vapor pressure and the topographic variables aspect,slope and hill shade along the elevation *** 10 m×10 m sampling plots w.re set up along the elevation gradient ranging from 3500 to 4300 *** used 1 km×1 km grid cells to rasterize our study area in ArcGIS 10.5 for easy access to data pertaining to the climate of each elevation *** performed linear regression of the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits w.th elevation as explanatory *** conducted correlation analysis on the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits w.th climatic,soil and topographic variables along the elevation *** Findings Dendrosenecio keniensis had w.ol-like pubescent leaves w.ile *** had mucilage packed succulent and w.xy cuticle leaves to avoid *** species exhibited reduced metabolic rates as show. by the low.leaf phosphorous *** results also show.d that changes in morphology and leaf stoichiometry w.re determined by a combination of climate,soil and topographic variables that change along elevation on Mount *** observed variations in the morphological and leaf stoichiometric traits of *** and ***,w.ich grow.side by side along the elevation gradient,w.re interpreted as adaptation to the harsh en

关键词： Africa elevation gradient functional traits adaptability climate change

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Chronic Pain Management after Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NSTI): A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第9期13卷 382-390页

作者： Kinyungu njoroge Vivian Matubia Ngugi Kinyungu School of Medicine and Surgery Kenya Methodist University Meru Kenya Basset Medical Center NY St Georges University School of Medicine True Blue Grenada ITAV Pain Management Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York USA

Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are potentially life threatening medical emergencies associated w.th devastating and rapidly spreading destruction of soft tissues. Atypical presentations and delayed early diagnosis can be significant challenges in managing NSTIs. The infectious process can start at any part of the body w.th rapid progression leading to limb amputation and high mortality rate. w. present a case of a patient w.th NSTI, the sequelae and management of the chronic pain that developed. Aim: This case report looks to shed light on the importance of a plan for management of subacute and chronic pain in treating patients w.o present w.th Necrotizing soft tissue infection. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female w.o presented w.th septicemia and w.s subsequently admitted and treated for NSTI in 2014 resulting in amputation of her distal foot, toe digits, and now.w.th ongoing chronic w.und of the low.r extremities along w.th chronic pain. Conclusion: Chronic pain as part of the sequelae of Necrotizing soft tissue infections needs to be anticipated by the health care management team in order to optimize patient care post operatively.

关键词： Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) Chronic Pain Sequelae

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Effects of deep vertical rotary tillage on the grain yield and resource use efficiency of w.nter w.eat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第2期20卷 593-605页

作者： w. Fen ZHAI Li-chao XU Ping ZHANG Zheng-bin Elamin Hafiz BAILLO Lemessa Negasa TOLOSA Roy njoroge KIMOTHO JIA Xiu-ling GUO Hai-qian Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-saving AgricultureShijiazhuang 050022P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050035P.R.China Shijiazhuang Agricultural Products Quality Testing Center Shijiazhuang 050021P.R.China

Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of *** objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China w.re to compare the effects of a new.deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) w.th the conventional shallow.rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,w.nter w.eat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and w.ter and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design w.s adopted in field experiments in the w.nter w.eat grow.ng seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),w.th DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main *** w.re treated w.th one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results show.d that the soil bulk density w.s reduced and the soil w.ter content at the anthesis stage w.s increased in all three years,w.ich w.re due to the significant effects of *** w.th CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and w.ter use efficiency (w.E) under DVRT w.re increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of w.nter w.eat w.s mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage *** line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and w.E not only as a single factor,but also along w.th other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction *** addition,PFP_(N) and w.E w.re the highest in HH under DVRT in all three grow.h *** results provided a th

关键词： w.nter w.eat deep vertical rotary tillage resource use efficiency w.ter use efficiency partial factor productivity of nitrogen

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东非肯尼亚茜草科植物多样性及空间格局

东非肯尼亚茜草科植物多样性及空间格局

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作者： Mw.ngi njoroge Brian 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)

学位级别：硕士

茜草科是世界被子植物第四大科,约占所有全球开花植物的4%,广布于热带和亚热带地区,少数草本延伸至寒带。撒哈拉以南非洲,包括热带东非地区,特别是肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的山区和沿海森林,具有大量的茜草科植物,特别是稀有和特有物种。近年来... 详细信息

茜草科是世界被子植物第四大科,约占所有全球开花植物的4%,广布于热带和亚热带地区,少数草本延伸至寒带。撒哈拉以南非洲,包括热带东非地区,特别是肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的山区和沿海森林,具有大量的茜草科植物,特别是稀有和特有物种。近年来,一些茜草科的新类群在肯尼亚不断被发现,同时一些新记录也陆续被报道,表明该地区茜草科多样性研究还不够充分。本研究的目的是通过标本查阅和野外考察,查明肯尼亚茜草科植物的多样性,并记录其在肯尼亚47个县的详细分布,同时,依据最新的分子系统对该科植物进行修订,为编撰《肯尼亚植物志》提供本底资料。本研究对来自东非植物标本馆（EA）、英国皇家植物园植物标本馆（Kew.和中国科学院武汉植物园植物标本馆（HIB）的肯尼亚茜草科2万多份标本进行了核查和数字化,并根据最新的分类系统对所有物种进行了修订,得到肯尼亚茜草科植物的物种名录。通过所有标本的详细经纬度信息,计算各物种的空间分布以及县级的物种丰富度和特有丰富度。研究结果表明,肯尼亚茜草科植物共274种,隶属于3亚科32个族81属。在47个县级的物种丰富度分析种显示,物种丰富度最高的属是九节属（Psychotria）、大沙叶属（Pavetta）和水线草属（Oldenlandia）。物种丰富度最高的县分别是夸勒（Kw.le）、基里菲（Kilifi）和泰塔塔维塔县（Taita Taveta）。肯尼亚茜草科特有种共有36种,其中仍有13种未确定,需要进一步进行野外调查。研究发现,肯尼亚的许多地区,特别是北部和东北部的县,仍然只有很少的标本收集。沿海地区的县物种丰富度最高。基于当前IUCN的濒危等级评估,肯尼亚茜草科约有2种濒临灭绝,5种易危,因此需要加大对这些物种栖息地的保护力度。本研究基于大量的标本资料,并结合当前最新的分子系统,全面研究了茜草科植物在肯尼亚的种类（包括亚科、族、属等）、特有性、以及该科植物在肯尼亚的县级分布,为《肯尼亚植物志》-茜草科卷册的编撰以及该科植物野外调查和保护提供了基础信息。

关键词：肯尼亚县茜草科物种丰富度特有性

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