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Towards Blockchain-Based Secure BGP Routing,Challenges and Future Research Directions

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2035-2062页

作者： Qiong Yang Li Ma shanshan tu Sami Ullah MuhammadWaqas Hisham Alasmary Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China School of Information Science and Technology North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringal18050Pakistan School of Computing and Mathematical Science Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichLondonSE109LSUK School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth6027Australia Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)is a standard inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet that conveys network layer reachability information and establishes routes to different *** BGP protocol exhibits security design defects,such as an unconditional trust mechanism and the default acceptance of BGP route announcements from peers by BGP neighboring nodes,easily triggering prefix hijacking,path forgery,route leakage,and other BGP security ***,the traditional BGP security mechanism,relying on a public key infrastructure,faces issues like a single point of failure and a single point of *** decentralization,anti-tampering,and traceability advantages of blockchain offer new solution ideas for constructing secure and trusted inter-domain routing *** this paper,we summarize the characteristics of BGP protocol in detail,sort out the BGP security threats and their ***,we analyze the shortcomings of the traditional BGP security mechanism and comprehensively evaluate existing blockchain-based solutions to address the above problems and validate the reliability and effectiveness of blockchain-based BGP security methods in mitigating BGP security ***,we discuss the challenges posed by BGP security problems and outline prospects for future research.

关键词： BGP security blockchain prefix hijacking trust model secure routing

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Towards Efficient and Secure Access Control System for Mobile Cloud Computing

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China Communications 2015年第12期12卷 43-52页

作者： tu shanshan HUANG Yongfeng Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University

This paper proposes a new access architecture onmobile cloud,which introduces a middle layer sitting between mobile devices and their cloud *** middle layer is composed of cloudlets which are deployed by cloud services providers,such as wireless network access points(APs),to improve the performance of mobile cloud servicesand be different from traditional mobile operator *** based on this new *** improve our previous(Attribute-basedencryption) ABE access control scheme on cloud for mobile cloud,which is proposed to offload the main amount of computations to the cloudlet as the function of *** demonstratethe new access control scheme takes into consideration response time constraints and network statusof access task execution,while satisfying certain network security for mobile cloud.

关键词： cloud execution constraints partition encryption Encryption satisfying assume posed visualization

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An Effective and Secure Access Control System Scheme in the Cloud

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2015年第3期24卷 524-528页

作者： NIU Shaozhang tu shanshan Huang Yongfeng Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University

Cloud computing services have got rapid development in the field of the lightweight terminal, especially wireless communications. The comprehensive access control system framework is proposed for the cloud. A kind of access control scheme based on attribute encryption is designed, in which lightweight devices can safely use cloud computing resources to outsource encrypt/decrypt operations, and not worry for exposing terminal sensitive *** scheme is verified by performance evaluation about the security, computing, storage, to ensure the legitimate interests of users in the cloud.

关键词： Cloud computing Access control Attribute encryption Security and efficiency

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Power Allocation Strategy for Secret Key Generation Method in Wireless Communications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2179-2188页

作者： Bin Zhang Muhammad Waqas shanshan tu Syed Mudassir Hussain Sadaqat Ur Rehman School of Electronics and Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and EngineeringYongzhou425199China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan(GIK)Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering FICTBalochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Computer Science Namal InstituteMianwali42200Pakistan

Secret key generation(SKG)is an emerging technology to secure wireless communication from ***,the SKG at the physical layer is an alternate solution over traditional cryptographic methods due to wireless channels’***,the physical layer secret key generation(PHY-SKG)depends on two fundamental parameters,i.e.,coherence time and power *** coherence time for PHY-SKG is not applicable to secure wireless *** is because coherence time is for a certain period of ***,legitimate users generate the secret keys(SKs)with a shorter key length in ***,an attacker can quickly get information about the ***,the attacker can easily get valuable information from authentic ***,we considered the scheme of power allocation to enhance the secret key generation rate(SKGR)between legitimate ***,we propose an alternative method,i.e.,a power allocation,to improve the *** results show 72%higher SKGR in bits/sec by increasing power *** addition,the power transmission is based on two important parameters,i.e.,epsilon and power loss factor,as given in power transmission *** found out that a higher value of epsilon impacts power transmission and subsequently impacts the *** SKGR is approximately 40.7%greater at 250 from 50 mW at epsilon=*** value of SKGR is reduced to 18.5%at 250 mW when epsilonis ***,the transmission power is also measured against the different power loss factor values,i.e.,3.5,3,and 2.5,respectively,at epsilon=***,it is concluded that the value of epsilon and power loss factor impacts power transmission and,consequently,impacts the SKGR.

关键词： Secret key generation rate power allocation physical layer wireless communication

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Enhanced Nature Inspired-Support Vector Machine for Glaucoma Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1151-1172页

作者： Jahanzaib Latif shanshan tu Chuangbai Xiao Anas Bilal Sadaqat Ur Rehman Zohaib Ahmad Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of Technology100124BeijingChina College of Information Science Technology Hainan Normal UniversityHainan ProvinceHaikou571158China Department of Computer Science University of SalfordManchesterUK Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Chaoyang District BeijingChina

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that can lead to blindness if left *** detection is crucial to prevent vision loss,but current manual scanning methods are expensive,time-consuming,and require specialized *** study presents a novel approach to Glaucoma detection using the Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimized Support Vector Machine(EGWO-SVM)*** proposed method involves preprocessing steps such as removing image noise using the adaptive median filter(AMF)and feature extraction using the previously processed speeded-up robust feature(SURF),histogram of oriented gradients(HOG),and Global *** enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)technique is then employed with SVM for *** evaluate the proposed method,we used the online retinal images for glaucoma analysis(ORIGA)database,and it achieved high accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity rates of 94%,92%,and 92%,*** results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other current algorithms in detecting the presence or absence of *** study provides a novel and effective approach to Glaucoma detection that can potentially improve the detection process and outcomes.

关键词： Glaucoma detection grey golf optimization support vector machine feature extraction image classification

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Physical Layer Authentication Using Ensemble Learning Technique in Wireless Communications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4489-4499页

作者： Muhammad Waqas Shehr Bano Fatima Hassan shanshan tu Ghulam Abbas Ziaul Haq Abbas Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup Perth6027WA Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan

Cyber-physical wireless systems have surfaced as an important data communication and networking research *** is an emerging discipline that allows effective monitoring and efficient real-time communication between the cyber and physical worlds by embedding computer software and integrating communication and networking *** to their high reliability,sensitivity and connectivity,their security requirements are more comparable to the Internet as they are prone to various security threats such as eavesdropping,spoofing,botnets,man-in-the-middle attack,denial of service(DoS)and distributed denial of service(DDoS)and *** methods use physical layer authentication(PLA),themost promising solution to detect ***,the cyber-physical systems(CPS)have relatively large computational requirements and require more communication resources,thus making it impossible to achieve a low latency *** methods perform well but only in stationary *** have extracted the relevant features from the channel matrices using discrete wavelet transformation to improve the computational time required for data processing by considering mobile *** features are fed to ensemble learning algorithms,such as AdaBoost,LogitBoost and Gentle Boost,to classify *** authentication of the received signal is considered a binary classification *** transmitted data is labeled as legitimate information,and spoofing data is illegitimate ***,this paper proposes a threshold-free PLA approach that uses machine learning algorithms to protect critical data from spoofing *** detects the malicious data packets in stationary scenarios and detects them with high accuracy when receivers are *** proposed model achieves better performance than the existing approaches in terms of accuracy and computational time by decreasing the processing time.

关键词： Physical layer authentication machine learning cyber-physical systems security

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Fine-grained Ship Image Recognition Based on BCNN with Inception and AM-Softmax

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1527-1539页

作者： Zhilin Zhang Ting Zhang Zhaoying Liu Peijie Zhang shanshan tu Yujian Li Muhammad Waqas Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Artificial Intelligence Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA 6027Australia

The fine-grained ship image recognition task aims to identify various classes of ***,small inter-class,large intra-class differences between ships,and lacking of training samples are the reasons that make the task ***,to enhance the accuracy of the fine-grained ship image recognition,we design a fine-grained ship image recognition network based on bilinear convolutional neural network(BCNN)with Inception and additive margin Softmax(AM-Softmax).This network improves the BCNN in two ***,by introducing Inception branches to the BCNN network,it is helpful to enhance the ability of extracting comprehensive features from ***,by adding margin values to the decision boundary,the AM-Softmax function can better extend the inter-class differences and reduce the intra-class *** addition,as there are few publicly available datasets for fine-grained ship image recognition,we construct a Ship-43 dataset containing 47,300 ship images belonging to 43 *** results on the constructed Ship-43 dataset demonstrate that our method can effectively improve the accuracy of ship image recognition,which is 4.08%higher than the BCNN ***,comparison results on the other three public fine-grained datasets(Cub,Cars,and Aircraft)further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Fine-grained ship image recognition Inception AM-softmax BCNN

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Intrusion Detection Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory with Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 801-815页

作者： Yongjie Yang shanshan tu Raja Hashim Ali Hisham Alasmary Muhammad Waqas Muhammad Nouman Amjad Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Information Security and Cybersecurity Unit King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32038Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup PerthWA6027Australia School of Engineering University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan

With the recent developments in the Internet of Things(IoT),the amount of data collected has expanded tremendously,resulting in a higher demand for data storage,computational capacity,and real-time processing *** computing has traditionally played an important role in establishing ***,fog computing has recently emerged as a new field complementing cloud computing due to its enhanced mobility,location awareness,heterogeneity,scalability,low latency,and geographic ***,IoT networks are vulnerable to unwanted assaults because of their open and shared *** a result,various fog computing-based security models that protect IoT networks have been developed.A distributed architecture based on an intrusion detection system(IDS)ensures that a dynamic,scalable IoT environment with the ability to disperse centralized tasks to local fog nodes and which successfully detects advanced malicious threats is *** this study,we examined the time-related aspects of network traffic *** presented an intrusion detection model based on a twolayered bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)with an attention mechanism for traffic data classification verified on the UNSW-NB15 benchmark *** showed that the suggested model outperformed numerous leading-edge Network IDS that used machine learning models in terms of accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score.

关键词： Fog computing intrusion detection bi-LSTM attention mechanism

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An Efficient Impersonation Attack Detection Method in Fog Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 267-281页

作者： Jialin Wan Muhammad Waqas shanshan tu Syed Mudassir Hussain Ahsan Shah Sadaqat Ur Rehman Muhammad Hanif Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering FICTBalochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Computer Science Namal InstituteMianwali42200Pakistan

Fog computing paradigm extends computing,communication,storage,and network resources to the network’s *** the fog layer is located between cloud and end-users,it can provide more convenience and timely services to ***,in fog computing(FC),attackers can behave as real fog nodes or end-users to provide malicious services in the *** attacker acts as an impersonator to impersonate other legitimate ***,in this work,we present a detection technique to secure the FC ***,we model a physical layer key generation based on wireless channel *** generate the secret keys between the legitimate users and avoid impersonators,we then consider a Double Sarsa technique to identify the impersonators at the receiver *** compare our proposed Double Sarsa technique with the other two methods to validate our work,i.e.,Sarsa and *** simulation results demonstrate that the method based on Double Sarsa outperforms Sarsa and Q-learning approaches in terms of false alarm rate(FAR),miss detection rate(MDR),and average error rate(AER).

关键词： Fog computing double Sarsa attack detection physical layer key security

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Authentication of Vehicles and Road Side Units in Intelligent Transportation System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第7期64卷 359-371页

作者： Muhammad Waqas shanshan tu Sadaqat Ur Rehman Zahid Halim Sajid Anwar Ghulam Abbas Ziaul Haq Abbas Obaid Ur Rehman Beijing Key Laboratory of Trusted Computing Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science&Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences&TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Beijing Electro-Meahnical Engineering Institute Beijing100074China Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences&TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan

Security threats to smart and autonomous vehicles cause potential consequences such as traffic accidents,economically damaging traffic jams,hijacking,motivating to wrong routes,and financial losses for businesses and *** and autonomous vehicles are connected wirelessly,which are more attracted for attackers due to the open nature of wireless *** of the problems is the rogue attack,in which the attacker pretends to be a legitimate user or access point by utilizing fake *** figure out the problem of a rogue attack,we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to identify rogue nodes by exploiting the channel state information of the communication *** consider the communication link between vehicle-to-vehicle,and *** evaluate the performance of our proposed technique by measuring the rogue attack probability,false alarm rate(FAR),mis-detection rate(MDR),and utility function of a receiver based on the test threshold values of reinforcement learning *** results show that the FAR and MDR are decreased significantly by selecting an appropriate threshold value in order to improve the receiver’s utility.

关键词： Intelligent transportation system authentication rogue attack

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