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Enhanced disinfection of Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2 in water using a copper and silver loaded titanium dioxide nanowire membrane

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 71-79页

作者： Guiying RAO Kristen S. BRASTAD Qianyi ZHANG Rebecca robinson Zhen HE Ying LI Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI 53211 USA A.O. Smith Corporate Technology Center Milwaukee WI 53224 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Titanium dioxide （TiO2） is a widely used photocatalyst that has been demonstrated for microorganism disinfection in drinking water. In this study, a new material with a novel structure, silver and copper loaded TiO2 nanowire membrane （Cu-Ag-TiO2） was prepared and evaluated for its efficiency to inactivate E. coli and bacteriophage MS2. Enhanced photo-activated bactericidal and virucidal activities were obtained by the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane than by the TiO2, Ag-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2 membranes under both dark and UV light illumination. The better performance was attributed to the synergies of enhanced membrane photoacfivity by loading silver and copper on the membrane and the synergistic effect between the free silver and copper ions in water. At the end of a 30 min test of dead- end filtration under 254 nm UV irradiation, the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane was able to obtain an E. coli removal of 7.68 log and bacteriophage Ms2 removal of 4.02 log, which have met the US EPA standard. The free metal ions coming offthe membrane have concentrations of less than 10 ppb in the water effluent, far below the US EPA maximum contaminant level for silver and copper ions in drinking water. Therefore, the photo-activated disinfection by the Cu-Ag-Ti02 membrane is a viable technique for meeting drinking water treatment standards of microbiological water purifiers.

关键词： Photo-activated disinfection Titanium dioxide Nanowire membrane Silver Copper

Photonic Crystal Based Biosensor for the Detection of Glucose Concentration in Urine

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Photonic Sensors 2017年第1期7卷 11-19页

作者： Savarimuthu robinson Nagaraj DHANLAKSMI Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Mount Zion College of Engineering and TechnologyPudukkottai 622507 Tamil Nadu India

Photonic sensing technology is a new and accurate measurement technology for bio-sensing applications. In this paper, a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator based sensor is proposed and designed to detect the glucose concentration in urine over the range of 0gm/dl-15gm/dl. The proposed sensor is consisted of two inverted ＂L＂ waveguides and a ring resonator. If the glucose concentration in urine is varied, the refractive index of the urine is varied, which in turn the output response of sensor will be varied. By having the aforementioned principle, the glucose concentration in urine, glucose concentration in blood, albumin, urea, and bilirubin concentration in urine are predicted. The size of the proposed sensor is about 11.4μm×11.4 μm, and the sensor can predict the result very accurately without any delay, hence, this attempt could be implemented for medical applications.

关键词： Biosensor photonic crystal refractive index urine glucose urea

Management factors affecting densities of common grassland birds of high elevation grasslands of eastern South Africa:Ingula as a case study

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 37-49页

作者： David H.Maphisa Hanneline Smit-robinson Les G.Underhill Res Altwegg South African National Biodiversity Institute Statistics in Ecology Environment and ConservationDepartment of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape Town Bird Life South Africa Applied Behavioural Ecological and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) UNISA Animal Demography Unit Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape Town African Climate and Development Initiative University of Cape Town

Background: World?wide grassland birds are in decline due to habitat loss and degradation resulting from inten?sive agricultural practices. Understanding how key grassland habitat attributes determine grassland bird densities is required to make appropriate conservation decisions. We examine drivers of bird densities in a South African grass?land area that has been managed for biodiversity conservation with reduced grazing ***: We estimated the density of the eight most common grassland bird species encountered in our area to evaluate the effects of recent grassland management changes on the avifauna. We collected data on birds and habitat from the austral summers of 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2010/2011. We used hierarchical distance sampling methods to estimate density of birds relative to two main habitat variables, i.e., grass cover and height. In addition, we used regression splines within these distance sampling models as a more flexible description of suitable ranges of grass height and cover for each ***: For most species, density is related to grass height and cover as expected. The African Quailfinch(Ortygospiza atricollis) and Common Quail(Coturnix coturnix) preferred relatively short and open grass. The Yellow?breasted Pipit(Anthus chloris), African Pipit(Anthus cinnamomeus) and Red?capped Lark(Calandrella cinerea) preferred short and relatively dense grass, while the Wing?snapping Cisticola(Cisticola ayresii) preferred grass of intermediate height and cover. The Cape Longclaw(Macronyx capensis) and Zitting Cisticola(Cisticola juncidis) preferred tall and dense grass. Our results agree with previous studies that grass height combined with grass cover are the most important habitat features that managers should manipulate in order to increase the density of target species. The regression splines show that the effect of these two habitat variables on density is well described by linear relationships for most ***: This

关键词： Density and detection Grassland birds Grass height and cover Hierarchical distance sampling models

DEEP Neoarchean Subduction Indicated by Ultra-high Pressure TiO_(2)(Ⅱ) Inclusion in Ophiolitic Podiform Chromitite Block in Mélange, Central(Taihang) Orogenic Belt, North China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第S01期95卷 85-87页

作者： Tim KUSKY WANG Lu Paul robinson Richard WIRTH HUANG Yang State Key Lab for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Helmholtz Center Potsdam German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ D-14473 PotsdamGermany

Understanding crust-mantle recycling through time,especially into the Archean,is crucial for understanding how the crust has grown from the mantle,and in turn how crustal material returned to the mantle alters the mantle *** of crustal material,such as C-H-O-NS-P are especially important for understanding how processes such as subduction,melting,volcanism,and the release of volatiles have regulated climate and life on Earth over billions of years.

关键词： Archean tectonics ophiolitic mélange ultrahigh-pressure minerals suduction carbon cycle

Dynamics of Submersible Mussel Rafts in Waves and Current

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第3期29卷 431-444页

作者： WANG Xin-xin M.robinson SWIFT Tobias DEWHURST Igor TSUKROV Barbaros CELIKKOL Carter NEWELL Center for Ocean Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Department University of New Hampshire Laboratory of Fisheries Engineering Fisheries College Ocean University of China Pemaquid Mussel Farms

To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FETM, developed by the University of New Hampshire（UNH）, was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerged configuration is used to reduce wave forcing and to avoid contact with floating ice during winters in northern waters. Each raft consists of three pontoons connected by a grid framework. Rafts are intended to support densely spaced mussel ropes hung from the framework. When submerged, the pontoons are flooded, and the raft is held vertically by floats attached by lines. The computer models were developed in Aqua-FE？ to simulate the effects of waves and current. They were validated by comparison with wave tank results by use of a 1/10 scale raft physical model. Comparisons showed good agreement for the important heave（vertical） and pitch（rotational） motions, though there was a tendency towards conservative results for wave and current drag. Full-scale simulations of surface and submerged single raft and two rafts connected in tandem were performed. Submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to that at the surface for both the single and two-raft configurations. In particular, the vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. For example, the maximum vertical velocities of mussel rope attachment points in the submerged two raft case were 7%-20% of the corresponding velocities when at the surface.

关键词： mussel raft submersible mussel ropes finite element model waves and current storm response

Comparison of the effects of different protocols on the particle size distribution of TiO_2 dispersions

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 35-44页

作者： Ratna Tantra Aneta Sikora Nanna B.Hartmann Juan Riego Sintes Kenneth N.robinson National Physical Laboratory European Commission DG Joint Research Centre

There is a need to standardize methods associated with the dispersion of nanomaterials in nano（eco）toxicological investigations. The first step toward this goal is to understand the degree of variability that exists in nanomaterial dispersions prepared by using different protocols. Using two case studies, the degree of variability in TiO2 nanomaterial dispersions was assessed by differential centrifugal sedimentation （DCS） methods. Case study 1 addresses the variability that arises from variations within one protocol, investigating the effects of dispersion aging, sonication exposure time, sonication in the presence/absence of an ice bath, material subsampling, particle concentration and having a pre-wetting step. Case study 2 addresses the variability between four different protocols developed through past research activities and projects. The results indicate that there is a large degree of variability （relative standard deviation （RSD） of mean particle diameter = 26%） in the dispersion ofTiO2 nanornaterials between the four different protocols studied and that several steps in a dispersion protocol are potential sources of variation, with final particle concentration being the most significant. The implication of this study is clear： for the purpose of data comparability, there is a need to provide the exact details of all steps involved in a dispersion protocol.

关键词： Nanoparticle Dispersion Protocol Differential centrifugal sedimentation Nano(eco)toxicology

State-of-the-art evidence of traditional Chinese medicine for treating coronavirus disease 2019

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2022年第1期9卷 2-6页

作者： Jianping Liu Fei Dong Nicola robinson Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China Institute of Chinese Medicine Epidemic Disease Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China Institute of Health and Social Care London South Bank UniversityLondonSE10AAUK

Traditional Chinese medicine has widely been used internationally in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)since January *** has been great interest in initiating clinical studies testing different Chinese medicine therapies for COVID-19,but the majority of registered studies have yet to move forward due to a lack of COVID-19 patients in China's *** aim of this article was to systematically review the current clinical research evidence on Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 from international and domestic bibliographic databases to reflect on the advances in this field.

关键词： COVID-19 Evidence Prevention Randomized controlled trial Rehabilitation Traditional Chinese medicine Treatment

Consequences of redefining Alzheimer＇s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2098-2099页

作者： Stephen R.robinson Holly M.Brothers Maya L.Gosztyla School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia Institutefor Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg VictoriaAustralia Department of Psychology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH USA Department of Neuroscience the Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH USA

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）redefined：For the past century,AD has been defined as a disease of progressive cognitive decline paired with a burden of amyloid-β（Aβ）plaques and pathologic tau tangles in the hippocampus and ***,a recent Framework paper jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer＇s Association（Jack et al.,2018）proposes new classification guidelines for AD,which,if adopted,will have profoundconsequences for the future management of AD.

关键词： AD Consequences of redefining Alzheimer’s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

Numerical modelling of structural controls on fluid flow and mineralization

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第3期2卷 449-461页

作者： J.robinson P.M.Schaubs CSIRO Earth Sciences and Resource Engineering PO Box 1130BentleyWA 6102Australia

This paper presents the results of a set of numerical models focussing on structural controls on hydrothermal mineralization. We first give an overview of natural phenomena of structurally-controlled ore formation and the background theory and mechanisms for such controls. We then provide the results of a group of simple 2D numerical models validated through comparison with Cu-vein structure observed near the Shilu Copper deposit （Yangchun, Guangdong Province, China） and finally a case study of 3D numerical modelling applied to the Hodgkinson Province in North Queensland （Australia）. Two modelling approaches, discrete deformation modelling and continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow modelling, are involved. The 2D model-derived patterns are remarkably consistent with the Cu-vein structure from the Shilu Copper deposit, and show that both modelling approaches can realistically simulate the mechanical behaviours of shear and dilatant fractures. The continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow model indicates that pattern of the Cu- veins near the Shilu deposit is the result of shear strain localization, development of dilation and fluid focussing into the dilatant fracture segments. The 3D case-study models （with deformation and fluid flow coupling） on the Hodgkinson Province generated a number of potential gold mineralization

关键词： Structural control Dilation Fluid flow Mineralization Numerical modelling Shilu Cu-deposit Hodgkinson Province