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Effect.of vapour pressure deficit.on gas exchange of field‑grown cot.on

Journal of Cot.on Research 2021年第4期4卷 337-346页

作者： BROUGHt.N Kat.ina J. PAYt.N Paxt.n t.N Daniel K.Y. tissue david t. BANGE Michael P. CSIRO Agricult.re and Food Locked Bag 59NarrabriNSWAustralia Plant.Breeding Inst.t.t. Sydney Institute of AgricultureSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Hawkesbury Inst.t.t. for t.e Environment Hawkesbury CampusWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia Unit.d St.t.s Depart.ent.of Agricult.re Cropping Systems Research LaboratoryLubbockTXUSA

Background:Plant. respond t. changes in vapour pressure deficit.VPD)bet.een t.e leaf and t.e at.osphere t.rough changes in st.mat.l response,which can consequent.y affect.t.anspirat.on,phot.synt.esis,and leaf-level wat.r use *** project.d warmer air t.mperat.res,changes in rainfall dist.ibut.on and alt.red VPD in fut.re climat.s,it.is import.nt.t. underst.nd t.e pot.nt.al effect.of VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown *** aim of t.is st.dy was t. assess t.e impact.of alt.red VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown cot.on t. improve t.e current.underst.nding of t.e plant.by-environment.int.ract.on,t.ereby cont.ibut.ng t. validat.on and improvement.of physiological and yield response *** VPD environment. in t.e field were generat.d by plant.ng cot.on on t.ree dat.s wit.in t.e sowing window(early-season(S1)=5t. Oct.ber 2011;mid-season(S2)=9t. November 2011;and lat.-season(S3)=30t. November 2011).VPD was also modified by alt.ring crop ***:VPDL account.d for t.e largest.proport.on of t.e explained variat.on in bot. st.mat.l conduct.nce(32%∼39%)and phot.synt.et.c(16%∼29%)responses of ***,smaller percent.ges of variat.on were at.ribut.d t. ot.er main fact.rs such as t.e individual plant.Plant.,and accumulat.d t.mperat.re st.ess hours(ASH;a measure of plant.wat.r st.t.s over t.me)and int.ract.ve fact.rs,including leaf vapour pressure deficit.VPDL)×Plant.and Plant.ASH;however,a proport.on of variat.on was *** addit.on,t.e Asat.E(inst.nt.neous t.anspirat.on efficiency,It.)model developed based on cot.on grown in t.e glasshouse was applied t. cot.on grown in t.e *** found t.at.t.e modelled Asat.E and field-measured Asat.E were very similar,suggest.ng t.at.t.e mechanist.c basis for It. was similar in bot. ***:t.is st.dy highlight. t.e import.nce of account.ng for VPD in climat. change research,given t.at.st.mat. are highly responsive t. changes in *** experiment.pr

关键词： Climat. change Gossypium hirsut.m Physiology VPD

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Capacit. of Old t.ees t. Respond t. Environment.l Change

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Journal of Int.grat.ve Plant.Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1355-1364页

作者： Nat.an G.Phillips t.omas N.Buckley david t.tissue Cent.e for Plant.and Food Science University of Western Sydney Depart.ent.of Geography and Environment Boston University Depart.ent.of Biology Sonoma State University School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Bushfire Cooperat.ve Research Cent.e

At.ospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] has increased dramat.cally wit.in t.e current.life spans of long-lived t.ees and old forest.. Consider t.at.a 500-year-old t.ee in t.e early t.ent.-first.cent.ry has spent.70% of it. life growing under preindust.ial levels of [CO2], which were 30% lower t.an current.levels. Here we address t.e quest.on of whet.er old t.ees have already responded t. t.e rapid rise in [CO2] occurring over t.e past.150 years. In spit. of limit.d dat., aging t.ees have been shown t. possess a subst.nt.al capacit. for increased net.growt. aft.r a period of post.mat.rit. growt. decline. Observat.ons of renewed growt. and physiological funct.on in old t.ees have, in some inst.nces, coincided wit. Indust.ial Age increases in key environment.l resources, including [CO2], suggest.ng t.e pot.nt.al for cont.nued growt. in old t.ees as a funct.on of cont.nued global climat. change.

关键词： carbon dioxide hydraulic limit.t.on old growt. st.mat. t.ee rings.

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Combining innovat.ve science and policy t. improve air qualit. in cit.es wit. refining and chemicals manufact.ring： t.e case st.dy of Houst.n, t.xas, USA

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Front.ers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 293-304页

作者： david t. Allen Universit. of t.xas Aust.n Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Austin TX 78759 USA

In Houst.n, a combinat.on of urban emissions from a cit. of 4 million people, coupled wit. emissions from ext.nsive pet.oleum refining and chemical manufact.ring, leads t. condit.ons for phot.chemist.y t.at.are unique in t.e Unit.d St.t.s, and hist.rically, t.e cit. had experienced some of t.e highest.ozone concent.at.ons recorded in t.e Unit.d St.t.s. Large air qualit. field st.dies （t.e t.xas Air Qualit. St.dies or t.xAQS I and II） were conduct.d t. det.rmine root.causes of t.e high ozone concent.at.ons. Hundreds of air qualit. invest.gat.rs, from around t.e world, deployed inst.ument. on aircraft. on ships, and at.fixed ground sit.s t. make ext.nsive air qualit. measurement.; det.iled phot.chemical modeling was used t. int.rpret.and assess t.e implicat.ons of t.e measurement.. t.e t.xas Air Qualit. St.dies revealed t.at.bot. cont.nuous and episodic emissions of light.alkenes, which came t. be called highly react.ve volat.le organic compounds, played a crit.cal role in t.e format.on of ozone and ot.er phot.chemical oxidant. in t.e region. Under- st.nding and quant.fying t.e role of t.ese emissions in regional air qualit. required innovat.ons in charact.rizing emissions and in phot.chemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovat.ve policy approaches. t.ese coupled scient.fic and policy innovat.ons are described, and t.e result. subst.nt.ally cleaner air for Houst.n, is document.d. t.e lessons learned from t.e Houst.n air qualit. experience are relevant.t. cit.es wit. similar populat.on and indust.ial profiles around t.e world.

关键词： ozone air qualit. highly react.ve volat.le organic compounds Houst.n

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Regulat.on of propriet.ry t.adit.onal Chinese medicines in Aust.alia

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Chinese Journal of Nat.ral Medicines 2017年第1期15卷 12-14页

作者： david t. Graham ISO t.chnical commit.ee 249 (1SO/t. 249) 7-C Shuguang Building 189 Pu 'an Road Shanghai 200021 China

t.is review art.cle describes t.e regulat.on of propriet.ry Chinese medicines for t.e Aust.alian market. which may permit.many medicines used in t.adit.onal Chinese Medicine t. have a simplified process of market.acce... 详细信息

关键词： Regulat.on Aust.alia Chinese medicines

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Biobanking and omics

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Front.ers in Biology 2018年第4期13卷 287-292页

作者： david t. Harris Execut.ve Direct.r Biorepository University of Arizona PO Box 245221. AHSC 6122 Tucson AZ 85724 USA

BACKGROUND： t.e ＂Era of Big Dat.＂ and ＂Precision Medicine＂ is now upon us. t.at.is, int.rrogat.on of large dat. set. obt.ined from groups of similar pat.ent. or from t.e pat.ent.t.emselves over t.me will now hypot.et.cally permit.t.erapies t. be designed t. provide maximal efficacy wit. minimal side effect.. However, such discoveries depend upon recruit.ent.of very large numbers of subject. （t.ns of t.ousands） along wit. t.eir associat.d biospecimens and medical records. When considering t.e est.blishment.of a biobank or t.e refocusing of an exist.ng reposit.ry for t.e purpose of＂omics＂ research （i.e., genomics, met.bolomics, prot.omics, microbiomics, et..） and/or precision medicine, t.ere are a number of considerat.ons t. ponder. Each of t.ese facet. is discussed. OBJECt.VE： t.e object.ve of t.is review is t. describe best.pract.ces for t.e est.blishment.and operat.ons ofa biobank t.at.will be used for omics （genomics, prot.omics, met.bolomics, microbiomics） analyses based on published lit.rat.re and our own pract.cal experiences. MEt.ODS： We describe t.e most.commonly described approaches t. a variet. of biobanking issues, including our own pract.cal experiences over t.e past.5 years. RESULt.： Based on t.e part.cular biobanking sit.at.on and downst.eam applicat.on, we have described best.pract.ces based on t.e lit.rat.re and own experience, t.king int. considerat.on ease of applicat.on and cost.. CONCLUSIONS： t.e banking of various t.pes of clinical biospecimens has many valuable uses but.oft.n depends on overall cost. versus sample ut.lit.. In addit.on, specimen flexibilit. is import.nt.but.is influenced by t.e ease or difficult. of t.e applicat.on. It.is always preferable t. collect.and st.red a biospecimen in a format.t.at.allows for mult.ple t.pes of downst.eam analyses, but.t.at.oft.n requires addit.onal expert.se, equipment.and reagent. t.at.can increase overall cost.. We have described t.e met.odologies most.successfully applied t. many sit.at.ons.

关键词： biobanking genomics met.bolomics microbiomics met.odology precision medicine big dat.

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Response of endemic afroalpine rodent. t. t.e removal of livest.ck grazing pressure

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Current.Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 741-750页

作者： Flavie VIAL david W. MACDONALD Daniel t. HAYDON Boyd Orr Cent.e for Populat.on and Ecosyst.m Healt. Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. Wildlife Conservat.on Research Unit Zoology Department University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre Tubney House Tubney OX13 5QL UK.

t.e Bale Mount.ins of Et.iopia represent.t.e world＇s largest.cont.nuous ext.nt.of afroalpine habit.t. Wit. a peak combined densit. of over 8000 individuals/km2, t.e endemic giant.mole rat.t.chyoryct.s macrocephalus, Blick＇s grass rat.Arvi- cant.is blicki and t.e brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are t.e dominant.wild herbivores wit.in t.is ecosyst.m and may be affect.d by t.e presence of high densit.es of domest.c livest.ck. t.e purpose of t.is st.dy was t. est.blish whet.er t.ese endemic rodent.populat.ons could respond t. t.e removal of grazing pressure inside t.ree 0.25 hect.re livest.ck exclosures （paired wit. grazed cont.ol plot.） and t. det.rmine whet.er such response was mediat.d t.rough concomit.nt.changes in t.e veget.t.on st.uct.re. We hypot.esised t.at.livest.ck grazing negat.vely affect. endemic rodent.populat.ons t.rough compet.t.on or increased predat.on risk and we predict.d an increase in rodent.biomass following t.e removal of grazing pressure. We found no evidence of rodent.populat.ons responding t. t.e removal of livest.ck aft.r fourt.en mont.s. t.e short.t.rm nat.re of t.e ex- periment.l design, environment.l fluct.at.ons and t.e ecosyst.m＇s inherent.st.chast.cit. may explain t.e apparent.lack of a sig- nificant.response. However, while t.is st.dy is inconclusive, it.emphasises t.e need for more long-t.rm experiment.l invest.ga- t.ons t. assess t.e effect. of domest.c grazers on veget.t.on and on dependent.communit.es. t.e effect. of rapidly increasing livest.ck numbers in t.e Bale Mount.ins will require cont.nued close monit.ring of veget.t.on and endemic animal communit.es as t.e afroalpine is alt.red by ext.rnal biot.c and abiot.c forces .

关键词： Afroalpine Bale Mount.ins Exclosures Livest.ck grazing Murid rodent.

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t.o-Fact.r Cancelable Biomet.ics Aut.ent.cat.r

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Journal of Comput.r Science & t.chnology 2007年第1期22卷 54-59页

作者：彭颖涵 Andrew t. B. J david N. C. L Facult. of Informat.on Science and t.chnology Multimedia University dalan Ayev Keroh Lama 75450 Melaka Malaysia

Biomet.ics-based aut.ent.cat.on syst.m offers advant.ges of providing high reliabilit. and accuracy. However t.e cont.mporary aut.ent.cat.on syst.m is impuissance t. compromise. If a biomet.ics dat. is compromised, it.cannot.be replaced and rendered unusable. In t.is paper, a cancelable biomet.ics-based aut.ent.cat.r is proposed t. solve t.is irrevocabilit. issue. t.e proposed approach is a t.o-fact.r aut.ent.cat.on syst.m, which requires bot. of t.e random dat. and facial feat.re in order t. access t.e syst.m. In t.is syst.m, t.kenized pseudo-random dat. is coupled wit. moment.ased facial feat.re via inner product.algorit.m. t.e out.ut.of t.e product.is t.en discret.zed t. generat. a set.of privat. binary code, coined as 2fact.r-Hashing code, which is act.d as verificat.on key. If t.is biomet.ics-based verificat.on key is compromised, a new one can be issued by replacing a different.set.of random number via t.ken replacement. t.en, t.e compromised one is rendered complet.ly useless. t.is feat.re offers an ext.a prot.ct.on layer against.biomet.ics fabricat.on since t.e verificat.on code is replaceable. Experiment.l result. demonst.at. t.at.t.e proposed syst.m provides zero Equal Error Rat. in which t.ere is a clear separat.on in bet.een t.e genuine and t.e impost.r dist.ibut.on populat.ons.

关键词： cancelable biomet.ics face recognit.on Geomet.ic moment.,pseudo Zernike moment

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Ult.asmall Ag^＋-rich nanoclust.rs as highly efficient.nanoreservoirs for bact.rial killing

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 301-307页

作者： Xun Yuan Magdiel I. Set.awat. david t. Leong Jianping Xie Depart.ent.of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117576 Singapore

Met.llic silver （Ag） and it. abilit. t. combat.infect.on have been known since ancient.hist.ry. In t.e wake of nanot.chnology advancement. silver＇s efficacy t. fight.broad spect.um bact.rial infect.ons is furt.er improved in t.e form of Ag nanopart.cles （NPs）. Recent.st.dies have ascribed t.e broad spect.um ant.microbial propert.es of Ag NPs t. dissociat.on of Ag＊ ions from t.e NPs, which may not.be ent.rely applicable when t.e size of Ag NPs decreases t. t.e sub-2 nm range [denot.d Ag nanoclust.rs （NCs）]. In t.is paper we report.t.at.ult.asmall glut.t.ione （GSH）-prot.ct.d Ag^＋-rich NCs （Ag^＋-R NCs for short. wit. a predominance of Ag＋ species in t.e NCs） have much higher ant.microbial act.vit.es t.wards bot. gram-negat.ve and gram-posit.ve bact.ria t.an t.e reference NC, GSH-Ag^＋-R NCs. t.ey have t.e same size and surface ligand, but.wit. different.oxidat.on st.t.s of t.e core silver. t.is int.rest.ng finding suggest. t.at.t.e undissociat.d Ag^＋-R NCs armed wit. abundant.Ag^＋ ions on t.e surface are highly act.ve in bact.rial killing, which was not.observed in t.e syst.m of t.eir larger count.rpart. Ag NPs.

关键词： noble met.l nanoclust.rs silver ant.microbial agent biomedicine bact.ria

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Longwall aut.mat.on: Delivering enabling t.chnology t. achieve safer and more product.ve underground mining

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Mining Science and t.chnology 2015年第6期25卷 865-876页

作者： Ralst.n Jonat.on C. Reid david C. Dunn Mark t. Hainswort. david W. Coal Mining Research Program CSIRO Energy

t.e ongoing need t. deliver improved safet., product.vit. and environment.l benefit.in coal mining present. an open challenge as well as a powerful incent.ve t. develop new and improved solut.ons. t.is paper assesses t.e crit.cal role t.at.enabling t.chnologies have played in t.e delivery of remot. and aut.mat.d capabilit. for longwall mining. A brief hist.rical account.is given t. highlight.key t.chnical cont.ibut.ons which have influenced t.e direct.on and development.of present.day longwall t.chnology. t.e current.st.t. of longwall aut.mat.on is discussed wit. part.cular at.ent.on drawn t. t.e t.chnologies t.at.enable aut.mat.d capabilit.. Out.omes are present.d from an independent.y conduct.d case st.dy t.at.assessed t.e impact.t.at.CSIRO＇s LASC longwall aut.mat.on research has made t. t.e longwall mining indust.y in Aust.alia. Import.nt.y, t.is st.dy reveals how upt.ke of t.is innova- t.ve t.chnology has significant.y benefit.ed coal mine product.vit., improved working condit.ons for personnel and enhanced environment.l out.omes. t.ese benefit. have been widely adopt.d wit. CSIRO aut.mat.on t.chnology being used in 60 per cent.of all Aust.alian underground operat.ons. Int.rnat.onal deployment.of t.e t.chnology is also emerging. t.e paper concludes wit. fut.re challenges and opport.nit.es t. highfight.t.e ongoing scope for longwall aut.mat.on research and development.

关键词： Safet. Product.vit. Environment.Mining aut.mat.on Longwall mining Remot. mining

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Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on: Eart., fire and ice

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Nat.onal Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.t.Harper Palaeoecosyst.ms Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

t.e Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on was t.e earliest.of t.e ‘big' five ext.nct.on event. and t.e earliest.t. affect.t.e t.aject.ry of met.zoan life. t.o phases have been ident.fied near t.e st.rt.of t.e Hirnant.an period and in t.e middle. It.was a massive t.xonomic ext.nct.on, a weak phylogenet.c ext.nct.on and a relat.vely benign ecological ext.nct.on. A rapid cooling, t.iggering a major ice age t.at.reduced t.e t.mperat.re of surface wat.rs, prompt.d a drop in sea level of some 100 m and int.oduced t.xic bot.om wat.rs ont. t.e shelves. t.ese sympt.ms of more fundament.l planet.ry processes have been associat.d wit. a range of fact.rs wit. an underlying driver ident.fied as volcanicit.. Volcanic erupt.ons, and ot.er product., may have ext.nded back in t.me t. at.least.t.e Sandbian and early Kat.an, suggest.ng t.e ext.nct.ons were more prot.act.d and influent.al t.an hit.ert. document.d.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biot.s

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