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Electrochemical oxidation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances:Mechanisms,implications,and challenges

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 2972-2990页

作者： ZHOU XuDong zhong YaShi tian XiaoChun ZHAO Feng CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Environment Safety EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential risks to human health and *** response to these concerns has led to regulations and bans on legacy PFASs,such as perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic ***,fluoride production has shifted toward short-chain PFASs and emerging fluorinated *** technologies are available for PFAS degradation,among which electrochemical oxidation(EO)is a promising method to mineralize legacy PFASs and other emerging fluorinated alternatives in water *** review provides an overview of the recent advancements in EO,comprehensively elucidating PFAS degradation mechanisms at the anode and exploring key factors that influence PFAS removal efficiency,such as anode materials as well as reactor designs and ***,the review elucidates the impact of operating conditions and parameters,including current density,electrolytes,pH,initial PFAS concentrations,and other coexisting pollutants,on the EO ***,the constraints in the EO process are discussed when considering practical implementations,including undesired by-product generation,incomplete mineralization resulting in the accumulation of short-chain PFASs,and low PFAS concentrations in the natural environment leading to mass transfer limitations and low defluorination ***,this review provides a perspective on potential solutions integrating the pre-concentration steps and EO process for effective PFAS remediation.

关键词： electrochemical oxidation legacy PFASs fluorinated alternatives degradation mechanisms influencing factors

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In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the mechanism of titanium substitution in P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2): Cathode materials for sodium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第2期30卷 323-328,I0011页

作者： Xiao-Bin zhong Chao He Fan Gao zhong-Qun tian Jian-Feng Li School of Mechanical and Power Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051ShanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina

Layered P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_2 is a promising cathode material. It exhibits a high capacity and suitable operating voltage and undergoes a phase transition from P2 to O2 during charge/*** have used Ti substitution to improve the cathode, yet the chemical principles that underpin elemental substitution and functional improvement remain unclear. To clarify these principles, we used in situ Raman spectroscopy to monitor chemical changes in P2–Na2/3 Ni1/3 Mn1/3 Ti1/3 O2 and P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_2 during charge/discharge. Based on the change in the A_(1g) and E_g peaks during charge/discharge, we concluded that Ti substitution compressed the transition metal layer and expanded the planar oxygen layer in the unit cell. Titanium stabilized the P2 phase structure, which improved the cycling stability of P2–NaNMT. Our results provide clear theoretical support for future research on modifying electrodes by elemental substitution.

关键词： In situ Raman spectroscopy P2–Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2) Titanium substitution

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Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Coating Reinforced by Ti(C_xN_(1-x)) on Adamite Roller

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第3期16卷 78-82,88页

作者： QI Yong-tian ZOU Zeng-da School of Material Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250061 Shandong China

Fe-based layer with Ti（CxN1-x） particulates on Adamite roller surface was obtained by a 5 kW traverse-flowing CO2 laser cladding technology. The microstructures of the layer were detected by optical microscopy （OM）,X-ray diffraction （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,and electron probe microscopy analysis （EMPA）. The tests of wear resistance was carried out on the test machine. It was seen that a good metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate was achieved. The microstructure contains bulky dendritic crystal and small size Ti（CxN1-x） grains that are uniformly distributed in the solid solution matrix. The wear tests showed that the laser coating provided an excellent wear resistance property at room temperature.

关键词： Ti(CxN1-x) laser cladding in-situ formation adamite roller

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NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中的作用

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中国组织工程研究 2025年第13期29卷 2849-2860页

作者：周文洋廖烨晖田明昊何宝强钟德君西南医科大学附属医院骨科四川省泸州市646000

背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞... 详细信息

背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞从M1促炎表型向M2抗炎表型极化和调节小胶质细胞焦亡,是一个有前景的治疗策略。目的:归纳NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中作用的分子机制以及治疗策略的研究进展。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,NLRP3,microglia,polarization,pyroptosis”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,NLRP3,小胶质细胞,极化,焦亡,炎症”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入79篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:①目前,关于脊髓损伤复杂的发病机制尚未有统一定论,大量研究表明脊髓损伤与炎症因子和信号通路关系密切,以NLRP3炎性小体作为其发病机制和治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。②NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后的炎症反应、氧化应激和神经元恢复等起到关键作用。③小胶质细胞是脑和脊髓中的免疫细胞,是继发性脊髓损伤最重要的调节因子,脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞对内部环境作出调整,主要表现为极化及焦亡,产生大量炎症因子,阻碍脊髓损伤的神经再生和功能恢复,通过调控小胶质细胞表型变化,是治疗脊髓损伤的另一个关键因素。④NLRP3炎性小体与小胶质细胞密切相关,脊髓损伤后NLRP3炎性小体主要在小胶质细胞中表达,其会促进小胶质细胞向M1极化和促进促裂解蛋白D的产生,进一步破坏神经稳态,从而加重脊髓损伤的进展。⑤许多分子参与NLRP3炎性小体调控小胶质细胞,其中核转录因子κB及MAPK信号通路促进NLRP3炎性小体表达,其他信号通路抑制该炎性小体表达。⑥目前有大量的外源性分子及药物调控NLRP3炎性小体,临床应用前景广泛,已有相关药物处于临床试验阶段并取得良好疗效,如NLRP3特异性抑制剂MCC950,但如何精准控制靶向递送、减少对其他组织器官影响等关键问题亟需解决,随着研究的深入,未来有望在脊髓损伤治疗方式上作出新的突破。

关键词：脊髓损伤 NLRP3 小胶质细胞极化焦亡炎症非编码RNA 中药活性成分干细胞特异性抑制剂

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Rapid and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Glycyrrhetic Acid in Human Plasma

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2011年第2期27卷 185-189页

作者： tian Li GAO Xtao-li CHEN Xiao-yan zhong da-fang ZHANG Yi-fan daI Xiao-jian College of Trditional Chinese Medicine 2. College of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011 P R. China Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Research Shanghai 201203 P. R. China

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） for the determination of glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma with ginsenoside Rh2 as internal standard was developed and validated. The plasma samples were prepared via liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Venusil MP-C18（50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm i.d.） column at 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/5 mmol？L-1 ammonium acetate（10：90, volume ratio） at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Negative electrospray ionization was utilized as the ionization source. Glycyrrhetic acid and internal standard were determined via the mutiple reaction monitoring of precursor→production ion transitions at m/z 469→425, 409 and m/z 621→161, respectively. Each sample was chromatographed within 2.5 min. The lower limit of quantification was 0.50 ng/mL for 200 μL of plasma sample and the linear range was from 0.50 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 8.76% in terms of relative standard deviation（RSD）, and the accuracy was within a range of -3.25%-1.32% in terms of relative error（RE）. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetic acid in healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 75 mg of glycyrrhizin.

关键词： Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) Glycyrrhetic acid Pharmacokinetics

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DISCUSSION ON RELATION BETWEEN BOUNdaRY LAYER AND WALL EROSION CAUSED BY STRIKING OF PARTICLES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1991年第1期3卷 72-76页

作者： Lin, Jian-zhong Shen, tian-yao Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou China

The kinetic characteristics of particles moving through laminar or turbulent boundary layer are computed and different erosive situations caused by striking of particles are compared. The function of anti-erosion sinews added on the blades is analysed. The energy detrition in the two-phase turbulent flow is discussed. The content is helpful to the design of anti-erosion fans.

关键词： Erosion Fans Fluid Mechanics Mathematical Models Turbomachinery Blades

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Orbital Forcing and Sea-Level Changes in the Earliest Triassic of the Meishan Section,South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第1期25卷 64-73页

作者： Shifeng tian zhong-Qiang Chen Chunju Huang Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences

The Earliest Triassic Yinkeng Formation is exposed at the well-known Meishan Section, South China, which contains the Global Stratotype of Section and Point （GSSP） for the Permian- Triassic boundary （PTB）. It records centimeter-scale rhythmic alternations comprised mainly by marl- stone and limestone. Seven types of couplet embedded in five types of bundles were recognized based on occurrence and thickness of the lithologic units, suggesting that their formation was controlled by cyclic processes. The various orders of cycles observed correlate well with other Early Triassic counterparts recorded in South China. Here, we present new cyclostratigraphic results based on lithologic thickness and relative carbonate content of the Yinkeng Formation. Power spectra of carbonate content show that the ratio of major wavelengths recognized throughout the formation is similar to that of the 100 kyr short eccentricity, 33 kyr obliquity, and 21 kyr precession cycles, indicating that astronomical sig- nals are recorded in the Earliest Triassic rhythmic succession. Consistence between pronounced lithologic rhythmicity and sea-level changes obtained from Fischer plots indicates that high-frequency climatic cycles may have driven sea-level changes immediately after the PTB mass extinction. Fur- thermore, the 4th-order sea-level changes interpreted from the sedimentary record match well with 100 kyr short eccentricity component of carbonate content, reflecting that the 100 kyr short eccentricity- induced climate changes may have likely controlled the deposition of 4th-order sequences recognized from rhythmic successions.

关键词： orbital cycle limestone-marl alternation carbonate content Fischer plot Yinkeng Formation.

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MOF-derived Co9S8/MoS2 embedded in tri-doped carbon hybrids for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 90-96页

作者： tian-tian Chen Rui Wang Lin-Ke Li zhong-Jun Li Shuang-Quan Zang College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

Metal-organic framework(MOF)derived hybrid materials have been developed as an efficient non-noblemetal electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion *** this work,a Co-based MOF containing nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms(Co-NOMOF)mixed with the thiomolybdate[Mo3S(13)]^2- nanoclusters was used to prepare the N,S,O-doped carbon encapsulating Co9S8 and MoS2(Co9S8/MoS2@NSOC)nanocomposite by one-step *** Co9S8/MoS2@NSOC nanocomposite exhibited remarkable catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with overpotential of 194 and 233 mV in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution under 10 mA cm^-2,respectively,which was ascribed to the multiheteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon matrix and the synergistic effect of intrinsic activity of Co9S8 and *** work provides new opportunity for developing highly efficient non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Hydrogen evolution reaction [Mo3S13]2^-clusters Co9S8

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Internet worm early detection and response mechanism

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2007年第3期14卷 79-84页

作者： WANG Jian LIU Yan-heng tian da-xin WEI da College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012 China

In recent years, fast spreading worm has become one of the major threats to the security of the Internet and has an increasingly fierce tendency. In view of the insufficiency that based on Kalman filter worm detection algorithm is sensitive to interval, this article presents a new data collection plan and an improved worm early detection method which has some deferent intervals according to the epidemic worm propagation model, then proposes a worm response mechanism for slowing the wide and fast worm propagation effectively. Simulation results show that our methods are able to detect worms accurately and early.

关键词： worm early detection Kalman filter worm propagation model

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Tracy-Widom distribution, Airy2 process and its sample path properties

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2021年第1期36卷 128-158页

作者： SU zhong-gen LEI Yu-huan SHEN tian School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Tracy-Widom distribution was rst discovered in the study of largest eigenvalues of high dimensional Gaussian unitary ensembles(GUE),and since then it has appeared in a number of apparently distinct research *** is believed that Tracy-Widom distribution have a universal feature like classic normal ***2 process is de ned through nite dimensional distributions with Tracy-Widom distribution as its marginal *** this introductory survey,we will briey review some basic notions,intuitive background and fundamental properties concerning Tracy-Widom distribution and Airy2 *** sake of reading,the paper starts with some simple and well-known facts about normal distributions,Gaussian processes and their sample path properties.

关键词： Airy2 process Dyson Brownian motion Tracy-Widom distribution sample path property.

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