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A passive sampler for synchronously measuring inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater:Configuration and field application

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 201-212页

作者： Pei lei Mingying Chen Nan Rong Wenzhong {1. Hong zhang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of Environmental sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510530China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Guangzhou 510530China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants,but to date,this needs to be better *** this study,a passive sampler,consisting of an“I-shaped”supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units,incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle,was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic(e.g.,phosphorus and metal(loid)s)and organic pollutants(e.g.,parent and substituted PAHs).The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ *** of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters,i.e.,1.cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants,respectively,were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water *** results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change(e.g.,from“sink”to“source”)during the sampling *** study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive *** addition,it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments.

关键词： Passive sampling Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Combined pollution Diffusive flux

Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 141-150页

作者： Kun Dang Siqin Liu lei Wu Daojian {1. Jing Xue Jiaming Wang Hongwei Ji Chuncheng Chen Yuchao zhang Jincai Zhao Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS ResearchEducation Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting（OWS）,but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectro chemical（PEC） OWS cells has not been investigated *** this work,we find that,for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes（nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3. with low photovoltage(Vph1.V),a large portion of applied bias is exerted on the Pt cathode for satisfying the hydrogen evolution thermodynamics,showing a thermodynamics-controlled *** contrast,for photoanodes（TiO2and BiVO4） with Vph> 1.,the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced,exhibiting a kinetics-controlled *** investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction ***,a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC *** by this,an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled,delivering a photo current density of 5.3.0.2 mA cm-2.

关键词： photoelectrochemistry overall reaction cell bias distribution photoanode water splitting

Prediction of soil organic carbon stock combining Sentinel-1.and Sentinel-2 images in the Zoige Plateau, the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 165-176页

作者： Junjie lei Changli Zeng Lv {1. Xiaogang Wang Chanhua Ma Tao Zhou Benjamin Laffitte Ke Luo Zhihan Yang Xiaolu tang State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan academy of Geological Survey Sichuan Institute of Nuclear Geological Survey College of Earth sciences Chengdu University of Technology Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory

Background Soil organic carbon（SOC） is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and an accurate estimate of regional SOC stock（SOCS） would significantly improve our understanding of SOC sequestration and cycles. Zoige Plateau, locating in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has the largest alpine marsh wetland worldwide and exhibits a high sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Despite an increasing use of optical remote sensing in predicting regional SOCS, optical remote sensing has obvious limitations in the Zoige Plateau due to highly cloudy weather, and knowledge of on the spatial patterns of SOCS is limited. Therefore, in the current study, the spatial distributions of SOCS within 1.0 cm were predicted using an XGBoost model—a machine learning approach, by integrating Sentinel-1. Sentinel-2 and field observations in the Zoige *** The results showed that SOC content exhibited vertical distribution patterns within 1.0 cm, with the highest SOC content in topsoil. The tenfold cross-validation approach showed that XGBoost model satisfactorily predicted the spatial patterns of SOCS with a model efficiency of 0.59 and a root mean standard error of 95.2 Mg ha-1. Predicted SOCS showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Zoige Plateau, with an average of 3.5.7 ± 1.3.1.Mg ha-1.ithin 1.0 cm and totaled 0.27 × 1.～9 Mg *** High SOC content in topsoil highlights the high risks of significant carbon loss from topsoil due to human activities in the Zoige Plateau. Combining Sentinel-1.and Sentinel-2 satisfactorily predicted SOCS using the XGBoost model, which demonstrates the importance of selecting modeling approaches and satellite images to improve efficiency in predicting SOCS distribution at a fine spatial resolution of 1. m. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the potential of radar（Sentinel-1. in developing SOCS mapping, with the newly developed fine-resolution mapping having important applications in land management, ecological resto

关键词： SOC Vegetation index Texture XGBoost Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2

Stabilizing zinc anode using zeolite imidazole framework functionalized separator for durable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 23-31,I0003页

作者： Weisong zhang Xinyan Zhu Ling Kang Ziyu Peng Jing Zhu Liang Pan {1. Dai Shude Liu Ling Wang Yongguang Liu zhangxing He School of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063009HebeiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal UniversityShanghai 201620China College of Textiles Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) hold great promise as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries owing to their high energy density and environmental ***,AZIBs are consistently plagued by the formation of zinc dendrites and concurrent side reactions,which significantly diminish their overall service life,In this study,the glass fiber separator(GF) is modified using zeolite imidazole salt framework-8(ZIF-8),enabling the development of efficient ***-8,which is abundant in nitrogen content,efficiently regulates the desolvation of [Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+) to inhibit hydrogen ***,it possesses abundant nanochannels that facilitate the uniform deposition of Zn~(2+) via a localized action,thereby hindering the formation of *** insulating properties of ZIF-8 help prevent Zn^(2+) and water from trapping electron reduction at the layer surface,which reduces corrosion of the zinc ***,ZIF-8-GF achieves the even transport of Zn^(2+) and regulates the homogeneous deposition along the Zn(002) crystal surface,thus significantly enhancing the electrochemical performance of the AZIBs,In particular,the Zn|Zn symmetric cell with the ZIF-8-GF separator delivers a stable cycle life at0.5 mA cm^(-2) of 23.0 *** Zn|ZIF-8-GF|MnO_(2) cell exhibits reduced voltage polarization while maintaining a capacity retention rate(93.4%) after 1.00 cycles at {1. A g^(-1. The unique design of the modified diaphragm provides a new approach to realizing high-performance AZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous zinc-ion batteries Separators modifications ZIF-8 Zn deposition Dendrite-free

Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 367-389页

作者： Hao WANG Bin-Bin WANG Peng CUI Yao-Ming MA Yan WANG Jian-Sheng HAO Yu WANG Ya-Mei LI Li-Jun SUN Jiao WANG Guo-Tao zhang Wei-Mo LI Yu {1. Wen-Qing ZHAO Jin-Bo tang Chao-Yue LI Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China‒Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China

High Mountain Asia(HMA)shows a remarkable warming tendency and divergent trend of regional precipitation with enhanced meteorological *** rapid thawing of the HMA cryosphere may alter the magnitude and frequency of nature *** reviewed the influence of climate change on various types of nature hazards in HMA region,including their phenomena,mechanisms and *** reveals that:1.the occurrences of extreme rainfall,heavy snowfall,and drifting snow hazards are escalating;accelerated ice and snow melting have advanced the onset and increased the magnitude of snowmelt floods;2)due to elevating trigger factors,such as glacier debuttressing and the rapid shift of thermal and hydrological regime of bedrock/snow/ice interface or subsurface,the mass flow hazards including bedrock landslide,snow avalanche,ice-rock avalanches or glacier detachment,and debris flow will become more severe;3.increased active-layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slumps slope failures,thaw settlement and thermokarst lake will damage many important engineering structures and infrastructure in permafrost region;4)multi-hazards cascading hazard in HMA,such as the glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)and avalanche-induced mass flow may greatly enlarge the destructive power of the primary hazard by amplifying its volume,mobility,and impact force;and 5)enhanced slope instability and sediment supply in the highland areas could impose remote catastrophic impacts upon lowland regions,and threat hydropower security and future water *** future,ongoing thawing of HMA will profoundly weaken the multiple-phase material of bedrock,ice,water,and soil,and enhance activities of nature *** and cascading hazards of high magnitude will prevail in *** the glacier runoff overpasses the peak water,low flow or droughts in lowland areas downstream of glacierized mountain regions will became more frequent and *** escalating hazards in the HMA region requires tackling s

关键词： High Mountain Asia Climate change Cryosphere degradation Nature hazards Disaster risk

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沪地龙3.基原的多重位点特异性PCR鉴别

中草药 2024年第16期55卷 5619-5626页

作者：李雷李奇璋张汉明张磊海军军医大学药学院上海200433 淮北师范大学生命科学学院创新药物研发中心安徽淮北235000

目的沪地龙3.基原药材(通俗环毛蚓Pheretima vulgaris、威廉环毛蚓***、栉盲环毛蚓***)在外观性状方面相似度高,传统鉴定方法难以有效区分,通过建立多重位点特异性PCR方法同时鉴别沪地龙3.基原。方法通过比对沪地龙和其他7个蚯蚓品种... 详细信息

目的沪地龙3.基原药材(通俗环毛蚓Pheretima vulgaris、威廉环毛蚓***、栉盲环毛蚓***)在外观性状方面相似度高,传统鉴定方法难以有效区分,通过建立多重位点特异性PCR方法同时鉴别沪地龙3.基原。方法通过比对沪地龙和其他7个蚯蚓品种线粒体全基因序列的多态性位点差异,分别设计通俗环毛蚓、威廉环毛蚓及栉盲环毛蚓的特异性鉴别引物,建立单基原反应体系,并对耐受性和适用性进行考察和验证;而后优化特异性引物组合,构建多重位点特异性PCR鉴别体系;反应体系为25μL:2×Rapid Taq Master Mix 1..5μL,引物1.5μL(通俗环毛蚓∶威廉环毛蚓∶栉盲环毛蚓=1.{3.∶0.8),DNA模板0.5μL(50 ng/μL),灭菌水补足至25μL。PCR扩增条件:95℃预变性4min;95℃变性1. s,60℃退火1. s,72℃延伸20 s,循环3.次;产物末端72℃延伸7 min。结果通俗环毛蚓可得到53. bp条带,威廉环毛蚓可得到21. bp条带,栉盲环毛蚓可得到43. bp条带,其他品种蚯蚓样品均无条带。结论多重位点特异性PCR鉴别体系可根据条带位置同时鉴别沪地龙3.基原。该方法可用于沪地龙基原和真伪鉴别,并为地龙的质量控制和研究提供参考。

关键词：沪地龙通俗环毛蚓威廉环毛蚓栉盲环毛蚓多重位点特异性聚合酶链式反应分子鉴定

聚丙烯酰胺增加土壤降雨入渗减少侵蚀的模拟试验研究Ⅱ.侵蚀

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土壤学报 2003年第3期40卷 401-406页

作者：雷廷武唐泽军张晴雯赵军中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院北京100083 中国科学院水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100

土壤侵蚀和雨水的流失是干旱、半干旱地区制约农业发展乃至生态环境良性循环的两个主要因素。聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM ,Polyacrylamide)对土壤的性质有着明显的改进作用 ,PAM具有良好的黏结力 ,能有效改良土壤的表层结构 ,提高土壤的稳定性 ,... 详细信息

土壤侵蚀和雨水的流失是干旱、半干旱地区制约农业发展乃至生态环境良性循环的两个主要因素。聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM ,Polyacrylamide)对土壤的性质有着明显的改进作用 ,PAM具有良好的黏结力 ,能有效改良土壤的表层结构 ,提高土壤的稳定性 ,增加土壤的入渗率 ,减少土壤侵蚀。本文试图通过人工降雨模拟实验 ,获得不同的PAM的使用量及覆盖率与土壤侵蚀量在不同的雨强、不同的坡度条件下的关系。实验表明 ,经PAM处理后土壤的入渗性能和抗侵蚀的性能都有所提高 ,PAM能明显地黏结着土壤表面的颗粒 ,形成大的团聚体 ,阻碍土壤结皮的形成 ,减少土壤侵蚀。

关键词：聚丙烯酰胺土壤降雨入渗侵蚀封闭结皮产沙量土壤侵蚀

The role of MC1. gene in buffalo coat color

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Science China(Life sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 267-272页

作者： MIAO YongWang1.2,WU GuiSheng3.WANG {1.2,LI DaLin4,tang ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3.& {3. YaPing1.6 1.Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091.China 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201.China 3.Kunming Institute of Botany,{3. academy of sciences,Kunming 650204,China 4 Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,Kunming 650021.China 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,China 6 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,{3. academy of sciences,Kunming 650223.China 1. Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China2. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China3. Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China4. Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology Kunming 650021 China5. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city Luxi 678400 China6. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

Melanocortin-1.receptor (MC1.) plays a major role in pigmentation in many *** investigate if the MC1. gene is associated with coat color in {3. buffalo,the coding region of MC1. gene of 21. buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),1.6 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 3.0}hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp *** the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP3.0} and SNP3.4 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S1.4G and p.I1.8M changes,*** Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were *** genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.1.4S was important for the full function of *** in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G1.4S and p.M1.8I had significant impact on the function of *** results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.1.4S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo.

关键词： Buffalo coat color MC1.

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在降雨侵蚀中黄土地面坡度变化的高分辨研究

山地学报 2005年第5期23卷 79-85页

作者：王春汤国安张婷李占斌王雷吴良超南京师范大学地理信息科学江苏省重点实验室中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北大学城市与资源学系西北大学城市与资源学系江苏南京21.097 陕西杨陵71.1.0 陕西西安71.069

运用近景数字摄影测量方法,获得在不同人工降雨时段黄土模拟小流域高精度、高分辨率的DEM数据,并以地面坡度及其组合形态的变化为切入点,通过对比分析和理论验证,探讨黄土小流域降雨侵蚀过程中地面坡度变化特征,在更宏观空间尺度和高分... 详细信息

运用近景数字摄影测量方法,获得在不同人工降雨时段黄土模拟小流域高精度、高分辨率的DEM数据,并以地面坡度及其组合形态的变化为切入点,通过对比分析和理论验证,探讨黄土小流域降雨侵蚀过程中地面坡度变化特征,在更宏观空间尺度和高分辨的时间尺度上,揭示黄土地貌形成与发育特征。研究结果表明:1.在较好地维持黄土的土壤结构与抗蚀特征,较真实地模拟自然降雨的条件下,模拟流域地面的变化能很好地反映自然地面的发育进程。2)在降雨侵蚀过程中,黄土小流域地面坡度呈现持续性变化规律,平均坡度在地貌发育幼年期呈加速增长趋势,到了壮年期增长幅度呈递减性变化;坡度组合以侵蚀临界角度为轴点呈持续逆转变化,侵蚀临界坡度单元所占面积基本保持稳定。3.黄土地面坡度的变化,一方面受地表物质被侵蚀和迁移程度的影响,另一方面,也是沟间地、沟坡地和沟底地空间面积重新分配的结果。

关键词：黄土侵蚀小流域坡度 DEM