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棉杆生物炭对棉花根系特性及生理代谢的影响

西北农业学报 2022年第3期31卷 370-378页

作者：唐光木侯艳艳潘金龙张云舒马海刚徐万里新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所乌鲁木齐830091 中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院北京100193 新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院乌鲁木齐830052

探讨棉花根系不同根径形态特性及生理代谢对棉杆生物炭施用的响应,为棉花高产高效生产提供理论支撑。为此,以棉花为研究对象,棉杆生物炭为试验材料,在灰漠土和风沙土两种质地土壤上,选择常规施肥、常规施肥+22.5×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)棉杆... 详细信息

探讨棉花根系不同根径形态特性及生理代谢对棉杆生物炭施用的响应,为棉花高产高效生产提供理论支撑。为此,以棉花为研究对象,棉杆生物炭为试验材料,在灰漠土和风沙土两种质地土壤上,选择常规施肥、常规施肥+22.5×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)棉杆生物炭和常规施肥+45.0×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)棉杆生物炭3个处理,探讨棉杆生物炭对棉花根形态特征以及根系吲哚乙酸、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:添加棉杆生物炭促进棉花生长和产量的增加,棉花株高较常规施肥处理显著提高9.02%~14.02%,棉花产量提高5.70%~7.71%,但差异不显著;添加过量的棉杆生物炭(45.0×10^(3) kg/hm^(2))则抑制风沙土中棉花地下部生物量和产量的提升;棉杆生物炭添加提高灰漠土中棉花细根根长、根表面积和根体积,其较常规施肥处理分别提高7.80%~32.60%、100.00%~111.11%和83.87%~129.03%,降低了风沙土中棉花中根、粗根的根长和根表面积;棉杆生物炭添加显著提高了棉花根系中过氧化氢酶活性,与常规施肥处理相比,灰漠土中根系过氧化氢酶活性提高194%~423%,风沙土中提高155%(22.5×10^(3) kg/hm^(2))。棉杆生物炭添加促进了棉花株高和细根的生长,有利于棉花根系形态构建,棉杆生物炭添加提高棉花根系过氧化氢酶活性,使棉花根系细胞免于过氧化氢的毒害,从而促进根系对水肥的吸收利用和棉花产量的提高,同时棉杆生物炭添加对灰漠土的影响作用大于风沙土。

关键词：生物炭棉花根系生长素生理特性

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生物炭的施入对玉米生物量和磷养分吸收的影响

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新疆农业科学 2020年第3期57卷 442-449页

作者：葛春辉张云舒唐光木徐万里姚红宇新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所

【目的】研究生物炭的施入对玉米生长及植株不同部分磷吸收的的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以玉米为供试作物,通过施用不同量的生物炭,研究不同施肥条件下,生物炭对玉米生长和磷吸收的影响。【结果】在不施氮肥的条件下,生物炭对玉米... 详细信息

【目的】研究生物炭的施入对玉米生长及植株不同部分磷吸收的的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以玉米为供试作物,通过施用不同量的生物炭,研究不同施肥条件下,生物炭对玉米生长和磷吸收的影响。【结果】在不施氮肥的条件下,生物炭对玉米干物质积累量具有抑制作用,但提高植株磷吸收总量;在施氮条件下,生物炭能明显增加玉米的生物量(P<0.05),显著提高茎秆、叶片、籽粒磷吸收总量(P<0.05),明显降低根部磷吸收总量(P<0.05);随着炭施入量的增加,单株磷吸收量明显增加(P<0.05);生物炭处理能明显提高磷肥利用效率(P<0.05),利用效率变幅为20.73%~24.66%,相对于不施炭增幅达7.99%~30.76%。【结论】生物炭与氮肥、磷肥配施能够促进玉米生长,提升磷肥利用效率。

关键词：生物质炭玉米生物量磷吸收

Civil aviation emissions in China in 2019:Characteristics and abatement potential

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 225-237页

作者： Haowen An Yu Wang Yaxin Wang Jun Liu Xiaolong tang Honghong Yi Department of Environmental Engineering School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipal Industry Pollutant Resources Processing Beijing 100083China

Civil aviation is one of the industries facing the greatest challenge in reaching carbon neutrality by the middle of this century,and this sector also contributes to adverse impacts on the regional air quality and human *** exhibits the second highest air passenger turnover *** understanding of civil aviation emissionsmust be urgently enhanced,and themitigation potential should be *** this study,on the basis of real domestic flight information for 2019,we built a greenhouse gas and air pollution emission inventory for the civil aviation sector in China with the fuel flowmethod based on the cruise and other *** thoroughly analyzed emissions by region,aircraft and engine types,and aircraft age,based on which we designed four measures to evaluate the abatement *** found that the hydrocarbon(HC),CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),particulate matter(PM)and CO_(2)emissions in 2019 reached 79.9 kt(95%CI[51.6–114.5]),176.3 kt(95%CI[114.5–248.2]),304.2 kt(95%CI[203.4–420.7]),23.2 kt(95%CI[14.2–33.7]),1.0 kt(95%CI[0.61–1.44])and 87.0 Mt(95%CI[57.4–119.6]),*** cruise phase was the major emission phase,accounting for 67%-87%of the total pollutant *** four measures were jointly implemented,the HC,CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM and CO_(2)emissions could be reduced by 61%,54%,55%,45%,32%and 38%,*** lower-emission aircraft and switching travel modes could substantially reduce civil aviation emissions in China.

关键词： Emission inventory Fuel flow method Cruise emission Age structure Reduction measures

Low-profile,low sidelobe array antenna with ultrawide beam coverage for UAV communication

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 444-454页

作者： Mei LI Zhiliang SHANG Lin PU Ming-Chun tang Lei ZHU School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao SAR 999078China

This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground *** array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low ***,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source ***,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating *** consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation *** indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer *** concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.

关键词： Array antenna Broad beam Fan beam Low sidelobe level Chebyshev synthesis UAV communication

Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 110-121页

作者： ZHANG Zhichao tang Xuefeng HUANG Rufa CAI Zhenjie GAO Anhua Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaFuzhou 350002China Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China Ministry of Natural ResourcesFuzhou 350001China Fujian Construction Research Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd.Fuzhou 350100China Xin Zhongkun Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364399China Fujian Jiakang Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364199China

Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow *** works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow ***,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil *** idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was *** tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil *** loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different *** simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical *** the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope *** reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k *** displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.

关键词： Cohesionless soil landslide Polyurethane Emergency treatment Reinforcement effect Model test Finite element analysis

Wafer‑Scale Vertical 1D GaN Nanorods/2D MoS_(2)/PEDOT:PSS for Piezophototronic Effect‑Enhanced Self‑Powered Flexible Photodetectors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 102-116页

作者： Xin tang Hongsheng Jiang Zhengliang Lin Xuan Wang Wenliang Wang Guoqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Department of Electronic Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China

van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures constructed by lowdimensional(0D,1D,and 2D)materials are emerging as one of the most appealing systems in next-generation flexible ***,hand-stacked vdW-type photodetectors are not compatible with large-areaarray fabrication and show unimpressive performance in self-powered ***,vertical 1D GaN nanorods arrays(NRAs)/2D MoS_(2)/PEDOT:PSS in wafer scale have been proposed for self-powered flexible photodetectors arrays *** as-integrated device without external bias under weak UV illumination exhibits a competitive responsivity of 1.47 A W^(−1)and a high detectivity of 1.2×10^(11)Jones,as well as a fast response speed of 54/71μs,thanks to the strong light absorption of GaN NRAs and the efficient photogenerated carrier separation in type-II ***,the strain-tunable photodetection performances of device have been ***,the device at−0.78%strain and zero bias reveals a significantly enhanced photoresponse with a responsivity of 2.47 A W^(−1),a detectivity of 2.6×10^(11)Jones,and response times of 40/45μs,which are superior to the state-of-the-art self-powered flexible *** work presents a valuable avenue to prepare tunable vdWs heterostructures for self-powered flexible photodetection,which performs well in flexible sensors.

关键词： Vertical nanorod arrays van der Waals heterostructure Piezophototronic effect Self-powered photodetection Flexible sensors

Abiotic aerobic oxidation pathways of stibnite revealed by oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 83-92页

作者： Ningjie He Shu Li Xiaoqian Li Yaning tang Jiaxue Yang Jianwei Zhou School of Environment Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentWuhan 430074China Institute of Geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The environmental threat posed by stibnite is an important geoenvironmental issue of current *** better understand stibnite oxidation pathways,aerobic abiotic batch experiments were conducted in aqueous solution with varyingδ^(18)O_(H_(2)O) value at initial neutral pH for different lengths of time(15-300 days).The sulfate oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions as well as concentrations of sulfur and antimony species were *** sulfur isotope fractionation factor(△^(34)S_(SO4-stibnite))values decreased from 0.8‰to-2.1‰during the first 90 days,and increased to 2.6‰at the 180 days,indicating the dominated intermediate sulfur species such as S_(2)O_(3)^(2-),S0,and H_(2)S(g)involved in Sb2S3 oxidation *** incorporation of O into sulfate derived from O_(2)(~100%)indicated that the dissociated O_(2)was only directly adsorbed on the stibnite-S sites in the initial stage(0-90 days).The proportion of O incorporation into sulfate from water(27%-52%)increased in the late stage(90-300 days),which suggested the oxidation mechanism changed to hydroxyl attack on stibnite-S sites promoted by nearby adsorbed O_(2)on stibnite-Sb *** exchange of oxygen between sulfite and water may also contributed to the increase of water derived O into SO42-.The new insight of stibnite oxidation pathway contributes to the understanding of sulfide oxidation mechanism and helps to interpret field data.

关键词： Sulfide oxidation δ^(34)S_(SO4) δ^(18)O_(SO4) Oxygen source of sulfate

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老化棉秆炭对土壤性质和小麦氮肥利用的影响

中国农业科技导报 2024年第5期26卷 184-191页

作者：林玲朱玉洁冯雷唐光木张云舒徐万里新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所农业农村部盐碱地改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室乌鲁木齐830091 新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站新疆拜城842300 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院乌鲁木齐830052

为研究不同老化棉秆炭(冻融老化、干湿老化、柠檬酸老化)对土壤性质、小麦氮肥利用效率的影响,设置不施氮、低氮(200 mg·kg^(-1))、高氮(400 mg·kg^(-1))3个施氮水平和不添加棉秆炭(B0)、添加新鲜棉秆炭(BC)、添加干湿老化棉秆炭(DB)... 详细信息

为研究不同老化棉秆炭(冻融老化、干湿老化、柠檬酸老化)对土壤性质、小麦氮肥利用效率的影响,设置不施氮、低氮(200 mg·kg^(-1))、高氮(400 mg·kg^(-1))3个施氮水平和不添加棉秆炭(B0)、添加新鲜棉秆炭(BC)、添加干湿老化棉秆炭(DB)、添加冻融老化棉秆炭(EB)、添加柠檬酸老化棉秆炭(CB)5个棉秆炭处理,分析小麦干物质量及氮素吸收量、土壤理化性质的变化。结果表明,与未添加棉秆炭处理相比,不同施氮水平下老化棉秆炭处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加、电导率无显著差异,冻融循环和干湿交替老化棉秆炭处理的土壤pH显著增加,柠檬酸老化和冻融循环老化棉秆炭处理的土壤全氮含量显著增加;与新鲜棉秆炭处理相比,不同施氮水平下柠檬酸老化棉秆炭处理的土壤全氮和有机质含量显著增加,土壤pH显著降低。低量施氮时不同处理小麦干物质量、氮素累积吸收量、氮肥吸收效率和氮肥表观利用率最高,柠檬酸老化棉秆炭与低量氮肥配施小麦氮肥吸收量较高,氮肥吸收效率和氮肥表观利用率分别为68.27%和46.69%。综上可知,柠檬酸老化棉秆炭的添加有利于土壤氮素的固持,可以增加土壤氮素和有机质含量,减弱对土壤pH和电导率的提升效果,在低量施氮时作物氮素吸收利用效果较好。以上结果为棉秆炭的长期应用提供理论依据。

关键词：棉秆炭老化氮肥利用

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施加生物质炭对风沙土土壤线虫群落结构的影响

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农业资源与环境学报 2024年第1期41卷 138-146页

作者：贾远彬陈康怡丛孟菲胡洋唐光木徐万里朱新萍贾宏涛新疆农业大学资源与环境学院乌鲁木齐830052 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所乌鲁木齐830091 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院/农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室北京102206 新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室乌鲁木齐830052

生物质炭科学施加量以及施加时间是改良和维持土壤健康的研究热点。本研究设计两组玉米盆栽试验(A组和C组),其中A组为一次性施加生物质炭7年处理,C组为一次性施加生物质炭1年处理,各组施加量分别为0、15.75、31.50、63.00 t·hm^(-2)和1... 详细信息

生物质炭科学施加量以及施加时间是改良和维持土壤健康的研究热点。本研究设计两组玉米盆栽试验(A组和C组),其中A组为一次性施加生物质炭7年处理,C组为一次性施加生物质炭1年处理,各组施加量分别为0、15.75、31.50、63.00 t·hm^(-2)和126.00 t·hm^(-2),探究不同生物质炭施加量以及施加时间对风沙土土壤线虫群落结构特征的影响。结果表明:施加生物质炭1年后可增加土壤pH以及养分含量,生物质炭随老化时间的延长对土壤养分的提升效应会降低,土壤养分与土壤线虫群落结构有密切的相关性。土壤线虫以拟丽突属为优势属,食细菌类和捕食/杂食类为主要营养类群,土壤有机质的分解以细菌分解为主。施加生物质炭1年后,施加量的增加改变了土壤线虫群落结构、营养类群分布和丰度,生物质炭施加量的增加会显著抑制土壤线虫数量,但施加生物质炭7年后土壤线虫数量会恢复。随施加年限的增加,生物质炭会导致土壤食细菌类线虫丰度降低,捕食/杂食类线虫丰度增加,植物寄生类线虫丰度增加,但对线虫多样性指数(H)和丰富度指数(SR)影响不大。一次性施加126.00 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭7年后显著降低了土壤线虫数量,而施加生物质炭15.75 t·hm^(-2)对土壤线虫数量和群落结构的维持具有积极作用。

关键词：生物质炭土壤线虫风沙土生态指数

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