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Seasonal and treatment-process variations in invertebrates in drinking water treatment plants

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 183-192页

作者： Zhiling Wu xianchun tang Hongbin Chen School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Problems associated with excessive propagation and leakage of invertebrates in drinking water have received increasing attention in recent *** performed a monthly survey of invertebrate abundance and taxa in the effluent of each treatment stage in a drinking water treatment plant between May 2015 and April 2016 and analyzed seasonal and treatment-process variations in *** results showed that invertebrate abundances in raw water,effluent of the biological activated carbon(BAC)filter,and finished water significantly correlated with water temperature,whereas no correlation was observed between water temperature and invertebrate abundance in the effluents of the sedimentation tank and sand *** dominant taxa in the effluent of each treatment stage were rotifers,nematodes,and *** sedimentation tank could efficiently remove invertebrates with an annual average removal rate of 92%.The propagation and leakage of invertebrates occurred in the sand and BAC filters but more seriously in the *** average reproduction rate in the BAC filter was 268.8%with rotifers as the taxon that leaked the *** survival and reproduction were also observed in the chlorine-disinfected clean water reservoir with an average reproduction rate of 41.9%.Owing to differences in chlorine resistance,the reproduction ability of the dominant taxa was in the order nematodes>crustaceans>*** proportion of endogenous invertebrates gradually increased along the treatment *** average proportion of endogenous invertebrates in the finished water was higher than 79.0%.Our findings suggested that waterworks should pay more attention to endogenous invertebrate growth.

关键词： Invertebrates Drinking water Seasonal variations Treatment process

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40Ar-39Ar Geochronology and Tectonic Implications of the Blueschist from Northwestern Qiangtang, Northern Tibet, Western China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1471-1478页

作者： tang xianchun ZHANG Kaijun Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development East China CompanySINOPEC Asian Tectonics Research Group Department of Earth SciencesNanjing University

Blueschist exposed in the northwestern Qiangtang terrane, northern Tibet, western China （84 30＇ E, 34024＇ N）, provides new constraints on the tectonic evolution of Qiangtang as well as northern Tibet. The blueschist represented by lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing assemblages equilibrated at 375-400 C and 11 kbar. 4Ar-39Ar analysis on mineral separate from one blueschist sample yielded a well-defined plateau age of 242 Ma. Geochemical studies show the blueschist is metamorphosed within-plate basalts. The high pressure-low temperature blueschist indicates a Triassic event of lithosphere subduction, and clearly represents an extension of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, and defines an in situ suture between eastern and western Qiangtang.

关键词： blueschist high-pressure metamorphism 40Ar-39Ar geochronology Qiangtang Tibet

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A novel graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes anchored α-FeOOH hybrid activated persulfate system for enhanced degradation of Orange Ⅱ

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 73-84页

作者： Shanshan Su Yuyang Liu Wei He xianchun tang Wei Jin Yaping Zhao School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Experimental Teaching Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200071 China

Persulfate activation has been applied as one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) to remediate polluted environments. In this study, a novel α-FeOOH anchored by graphene oxide(GO)-carbon nanotubes(CNTs) aerogel(α-FeOOH@GCA) nanocomposite activated persulfate system(α-FeOOH@GCA + K2S2O8) was applied for decolorization of Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ). The decolorization of OⅡ was remarkably enhanced to a level of ~ 99% in this system compared with that of pristine α-FeOOH(~ 44%) or GO-CNTs(~18%). The enhanced catalytic activity of α-FeOOH@GCA was due to the formation of a heterojunction byα-FeOOH and GO-CNTs as confirmed by the presence of Fe–O–C chemical bonds. The degradation intermediates of OⅡ were comprehensively identified. The proposed degradation pathway of OⅡ begins with the destruction of the conjugated structures of OⅡ by the dominant reactive oxygen species, surface-bound SO4·-. The decolorization efficiency of OⅡ by the α-FeOOH@GCA activated persulfate system decreased from the first to third cycle of recycling. Ultraviolet(UV) irradiation or introduction of a small amount of Fe2+ could restore the activation of this system. The results show that the α-FeOOH@GCA persulfate activation system promises to be a highly efficient environmental remediation method for organic pollutants.

关键词： Graphene oxide Goethite Nanocomposite Persulfate activation Dye Wastewater treatment

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Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第8期60卷 1507-1521页

作者： ZHANG Jian LI WuYang tang xianchun TIAN Jiao WANG YingChun GUO Qi PANG ZhongHe Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The western Sichuan hydrothermal area is located at the northeastern margin of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is also the eastern end of the Mediterranean-Himalayan geothermal activity zone. There are 248 warm or hot springs in this area, and 11 have temperatures beyond the local boiling temperature. Most of these hot springs are distributed along the Jinshajiang, Dege-Xiangcheng, Ganzi-Litang, and Xianshuihe faults, forming a NW-SE hydrothermal belt. A geothermal analysis of this high-temperature hydrothermal area is an important basis for understanding the deep geodynamic process of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, this study offers an a priori view to utilize geothermal resources, which is important in both scientific research and application. We use gravity, magnetic, seismic, and helium isotope data to analyze the crust-mantle heat flow ratio and deep geothermal structure. The results show that the background terrestrial heat flow descends from southwest to northeast. The crustal heat ratio is not more than 60%. The high temperature hydrothermal active is related to crustal dynamics processes. Along the Batang-Litang-Kangding line, the Moho depth increases eastward, which is consistent with the changing Qc/Qm(crustal/mantle heat flow) ratio trend. The geoid in the hydrothermal zone is 4–6 km higher than the surroundings, forming a local "platform". The NW-SE striking local tensile stress zone and uplift structure in the upper and middle crust corresponds with the surface hydrothermal active zone. There is an average Curie Point Depth(CPD) of 19.5–22.5 km in Batang, Litang, and Kangding. The local shear-wave(S-wave) velocity is relatively low in the middle and lower crust. The S-wave shows a low velocity trap(Vs<3.2 km s.1) at 15–30 km, which is considered a high-temperature partial melting magma, the crustal source of the hydrothermal active zone. We conclude that the hydrothermal system in this area can

关键词： Western Sichuan Plateau Fracture zone and thermally conductive structure Deep thermal structure Heat flow estimation

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Eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and their geodynamic implications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2556-2567页

作者： ZHANG KaiJun1,2 & tang xianchun2,3 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Eclogites have been recently reported in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, including in the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, in the Basu metamorphic massif of the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and at Songdo and Pengco in the eastern Lhasa terrane. Some typical ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic phenomena, e.g., garnet exsolution from clinopyroxene, were documented in the Basu and Pengco eclogites. The UHP metamorphism in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau marked by these eclogites generally took place in the Early Mesozoic. Along with exhumation of these eclogites, (post-) collision-related magmatism extensively occurred around the central Qiangtang belt, the eastern Ban-gong-Nujiang suture zone, and the eastern Lhasa terrane. The occurrence of these Early Mesozoic ec-logites manifests an out-of-sequence evolution of the Tethys, and they could be a product of diachro-nous collision between the eastern Qiangtang terrane and the irregular continental margin of the united western Qiangtang-Lhasa plate, along the linked eastern Bangong-Nujiang-central Qiangtang zone. The collision-related magmatic rocks could have been originated from lithospheric thickening, melting, or detachment due to the collision. The presence of UHP metamorphic rocks in central Qiangtang and Basu implies likely continental deep-subduction, and the denudation of these two metamorphic zones could have served as the source of the Triassic turbidites in the Songpan-Garzê complex and the Ju-rassic turbidites in the western Bangong-Nujiang zone, respectively. However, studies of the eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau just began, and many principal aspects still remain to be explored, such as their distributions, typical lithologies and minerals, temperature-pressure conditions, timing of formation and exhumation, protoliths and tectonic setting, and relationship with the evolution of the Tethys and large-scale basins in Tibet.

关键词：地球动力学意义青藏高原榴辉岩

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华南陆缘高热流区的壳幔温度结构与动力学背景

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地球物理学报 2018年第10期61卷 3917-3932页

作者：张健王蓓羽唐显春董淼艾依飞中国科学院大学中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室北京100049

华南陆缘是我国重要的矿产、地热资源区.晚中生代以来,在太平洋板块西向俯冲,地幔热对流活动共同作用下,该区出现多期岩浆-热事件和大规模爆发式成矿作用.在前人研究基础上,本文利用地表热流观测资料、地震剪切波资料、重力位球谐系数,... 详细信息

华南陆缘是我国重要的矿产、地热资源区.晚中生代以来,在太平洋板块西向俯冲,地幔热对流活动共同作用下,该区出现多期岩浆-热事件和大规模爆发式成矿作用.在前人研究基础上,本文利用地表热流观测资料、地震剪切波资料、重力位球谐系数,计算了壳-幔温度结构,分析了动力学背景.计算结果表明:华南陆缘东南沿海地带,地壳10km以浅温度达200℃以上,居里点温度475℃,莫霍面平均温度550℃.地壳浅层较热,花岗岩中放射性元素衰变放热是地壳浅层地下水热活动的重要热源,但地壳总体温度不高,为"冷壳热幔"型热结构.地幔中,90km深度,温度950~1250℃;120km深度,温度1050~1400℃;150km深度,温度1200~1450℃;220km深度,温度1500~1700℃."热"岩石圈底界深度在110~150km之间,西深东浅.岩石圈内,地幔应力场为挤压-伸展相间格局;岩石圈之下,地幔应力场为一个以南昌为中心、长轴NE-SW向的椭圆.分析认为,晚中生代以来,太平洋板块的西向俯冲,导致华南陆缘在区域性SE向地幔对流背景上叠加局域性不稳定热扰动,在175~85Ma期间,上地幔物质向上流动,形成不同的岩浆活动高峰期.同时,岩石圈地幔受俯冲洋壳流体的影响,含水量高,黏度小,在地幔流切向应力场作用下,岩石圈底界由西向东"波浪"状减薄.现今岩石圈之下仍具备地幔小尺度热对流温度条件,但除地表浅层外,地壳整体温度不高,岩石圈构造稳定.

关键词：华南陆缘高热流区壳幔温度剪切波速地幔流应力场

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倒置AAO-MBR处理黑水

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环境工程学报 2016年第7期10卷 3657-3663页

作者：张静唐贤春陈洪斌同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 上海电气集团股份有限公司中央研究院上海200070

针对黑水污染物浓度高、悬浮成分多、碳氮磷比例失调等问题,小试条件下探索了采用倒置AAO-MBR工艺处理黑水的技术可行性,开展了水温、水力停留时间、外加碳源和溶解氧对主要污染物去除的影响。结果表明:冬季低温、HRT为42 h与夏秋季HRT... 详细信息

针对黑水污染物浓度高、悬浮成分多、碳氮磷比例失调等问题,小试条件下探索了采用倒置AAO-MBR工艺处理黑水的技术可行性,开展了水温、水力停留时间、外加碳源和溶解氧对主要污染物去除的影响。结果表明:冬季低温、HRT为42 h与夏秋季HRT为31 h的除污效果相近,出水的COD、氨氮、TN分别为110、26.7和104.5 mg·L^(-1);碱度是影响氨氮去除效率的最主要因素;HRT为31 h条件下,未加外碳源(C/N为3.14)时,COD、氨氮、TN平均去除率分别为83.8%、88.2%和52.9%,磷酸盐没有去除效果;外加碳源至C/N为4.63,COD、氨氮、TN和磷酸盐的平均去除率分别提高到93.4%、98.1%、91.3%和20.7%;随着运行时间的延长,MBR出水COD呈下降趋势,平均达到56 mg·L^(-1),达到一级B排放标准;好氧区的DO控制0.2~0.4 mg·L^(-1)时生物脱氮效率较佳。

关键词：黑水倒置AAO-MBR 生物脱氮 C/N 碱度

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单级与多级AO-SBR工艺对黑水的处理

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环境工程学报 2017年第3期11卷 1409-1416页

作者：张静陈洪斌唐贤春戴晓虎同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 上海电气集团股份有限公司中央研究院上海200070

针对大小便和冲洗水所组成的黑水具有有机物浓度高、悬浮成分多、碳氮磷比例失调等问题,开展单级与多级AO-SBR工艺处理黑水的小试实验,为黑水的达标排放提供参考。研究结果表明:单级AO-SBR工艺处理黑水,在中温条件下,HRT为28 h,COD、氨... 详细信息

针对大小便和冲洗水所组成的黑水具有有机物浓度高、悬浮成分多、碳氮磷比例失调等问题,开展单级与多级AO-SBR工艺处理黑水的小试实验,为黑水的达标排放提供参考。研究结果表明:单级AO-SBR工艺处理黑水,在中温条件下,HRT为28 h,COD、氨氮、TN、磷酸盐平均去除率分别为79.9%、81.5%、51.5%、0%;外加碳源(醋酸钠)提高C/N至4.83,COD、氨氮、TN、磷酸盐的平均去除率分别提高到89.1%、97.9%、81.3%、30.3%,出水COD、氨氮、TN、磷酸盐分别为116、4.4、42.4、16.4 mg·L^(-1);采用多级AO、分时进水的运行方式,未加碳源的条件下TN去除效率达到87.8%,较单级AO运行方式提高了26.0个百分点,仅略低于理论除氮效率。研究发现,碳源和碱度不足是影响SBR处理黑水生物脱氮除磷的关键因素。

关键词：黑水 AO-SBR 生物脱氮 C/N 分时进水碱度

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电火花线切割机床控制系统的研究

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成都工业学院学报 2013年第4期16卷 56-59页

作者：唐先春成都工业学院实训基地成都611730

为了提高线切割控制系统的精度、稳定性并满足切割所需的各项功能,研制了一种新型控制系统,该系统采用TP8051C单片机作为主控器,设计出与之相适应的外围电路,能加快控制器的响应速度、提高抗干扰能力和满足线切割的各项功能。结果表明:... 详细信息

为了提高线切割控制系统的精度、稳定性并满足切割所需的各项功能,研制了一种新型控制系统,该系统采用TP8051C单片机作为主控器,设计出与之相适应的外围电路,能加快控制器的响应速度、提高抗干扰能力和满足线切割的各项功能。结果表明:该系统具有一定的技术应用价值,性价比较高。

关键词：电火花线切割机床控制系统单片机

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川西高温水热活动区深部热结构的地球物理分析

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地球物理学报 2018年第7期61卷 2926-2936页

作者：李午阳张健唐显春天骄王迎春郭琦中国科学院大学北京100049 计算地球动力学重点实验室中国科学院北京100049 地热研究中心中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一,该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛,这些温泉大多沿北西—南东向的金沙江断裂、德格—乡城断裂、甘孜—理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析,是研究青藏高... 详细信息

川西高温水热活动区是地热学研究的典型地区之一,该区温泉、热泉点分布广泛,这些温泉大多沿北西—南东向的金沙江断裂、德格—乡城断裂、甘孜—理塘断裂、鲜水河三条主断裂呈条带状分布.对此高温水热活动区开展地热学分析,是研究青藏高原"东构造结"深部地球动力学过程、开发利用川西高原地热资源的重要基础,具有重要的科学研究意义和实际应用价值.本文针对实测氦同位素所发现的壳幔热结构比,依据重力、航空磁法、地震资料,采用反演莫霍面、居里面深度等方法,对川西高温水热活动区的深部热结构进行了分析.同时对中高温热泉密集出露的巴塘、理塘以及康定水热活动区的典型壳幔热流构与深部背景场进行了对比研究.结果表明,地表氦同位素热流估算的深部热流结构与地球物理异常结果保持较好的对应关系.川西地区热流结构中地壳、地幔的热贡献比较接近:巴塘地区平均Q_c/Q=51.38%、理塘地区平均Q_c/Q=54.39%、康定地区平均Q_c/Q=42.42%.川西地区表现出了"温壳温幔"型的深部热结构,但温地壳背景下形成较高地表热流的原因有待进一步研究.

关键词：川西高原深部热结构居里面莫霍面航磁异常重力异常地震波速

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