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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKt)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mtOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKt/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKt *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKt cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKt pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction thy-1(CD90)

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Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 199-206页

作者： n Dinakar P C nagajyothi S Suresh y Udaykiran t Damodharam Department of Environmental Sciences Sri Venkateswara UniversityTirupatiAndhra Pradesh-517 502India.

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings was studied. Seeds were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L CdCl2 concentrations, for a period of 10, 15, 20 and 25 d. the extent of damage to chlorophyll, protein, proline, nitrate and nitrite reductase, antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves and roots were evaluated after 10 d of cadmium stress. the higher concentration of cadmium （100 μmol/L） resulted （leaves and roots） total chlorophyll 91.01%, protein 79.51%, 83.61%, nitrate reductase 79.39%, 80.72% and nitrite reductase 77.07%, 75.88% activity decreased with increase in cadmium concentrations and exposure periods. Cadmium caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Contrastingly Cd treated plant tissues showed an increase in proline 159.87%, 239.6%, gluthion reductase （GR） 337.72%, 306.14%, superoxide disumutase （SOD） 688.56%, 381.72%, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） 226.47%, 252.14%, peroxidase （POD） 72.19%, 60.29% and catalase （CAt） 228.96%, 214.74% as compared to control. Cadmium stress caused a significant increase in the rate of SOD activity in leaves and roots of plant species. Results show the crop A. hypogaea is highly sensitive even at very low cadmium concentrations.

关键词： toxicological effects cadmium protein proline antioxidant enzymes

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Asymptotics for filtration of polydisperse suspension with small impurities

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第1期42卷 109-126页

作者： L.I.KUZMInA y.V.OSIPOV t.n.GORBUnOVA Department of Applied Mathematics National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscow 101000Russia Department of Applied Mathematics Moscow State University of Civil Engineering(National Research University)Moscow 129337Russia

A model for deep bed filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small impurities in a porous medium is *** suspended particles move with the same velocity as the carrier water and get blocked in the pore throats due to the size-exclusion mechanism of particle retention.A solution of the model in the form of a traveling wave is *** global exact solution for a multiparticle filtration with one high concentration and several low concentrations of suspended particles is obtained in an explicit *** analytic solutions for a bidisperse suspension with large and small particles are *** profiles of the retained small particles change monotony with *** global asymptotics for the filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small kinetic rates is constructed in the whole filtration zone.

关键词： deep bed filtration suspension colloid porous medium particle size distribution analytical model

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Zonal Flows and Geodesic Acoustic Mode Oscillations in tokamaks and Helical Systems

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Plasma Science and technology 2006年第1期8卷 105-109页

作者： t. WAtARI y. HAMADA A. nISHIZAWA t. nOtAKE n. tAKEUCHI national Institute for Fusion Science 322-6 Oroshi-cho Toki-city Gifu Japan Ariake national College of technology 150 Higashihagio-Machi Omuta Fukuoka Japan

this paper reviews the theoretical foundations of zonal flow, putting emphasis on the linear response function of plasma to the external flow drive. An extension of the theory is made in order to apply it to helical systems and to study the properties of the zonal flow in the low frequency range. Further refinement of the theory is made incorporating the orbital effects of particles more precisely, and the role of neoclassical polarization current is identified.

关键词： zonal flow geodesic acousti mode finite orbit effect coupling to ion acoustic mode

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Features of Rotating Stall Cell in a Diagonal Flow Fan (in Case of Mid-loading Rotor)

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Journal of thermal Science 2006年第2期15卷 103-108页

作者： n.SHIOMI K. KAnEKO y. KInOUE t. SEtOGUCHI Department of Mechanical Engineering Saga University Saga 840-8502 Japan

the structure and behavior of rotating stall cell were experimentally clarified in a diagonal flow fan. the specific-speed of the fan was 1140 （r/min, m^3/min, m）, and the total pressure-rise coefficient at design flow-rate was 0.345. the static pressure on outer casing wall and the total pressure at rotor inlet and outlet were measured using a high response pressure transducer. the measured data were processed by the use of DPLA technique, and the structure and behavior of rotating stall cell were obtained. As a result, the stall cell extent for circumferential and spanwise direction and the pressure distributions inside stall cell were clarified. the details of stall cell propagation were also shown.

关键词： diagonal flow fan rotating stall cell unsteady flow DPLA technique

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Quaternion methods and models of regular celestial mechanics and astrodynamics

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2022年第1期43卷 21-80页

作者： y.n.CHELnOKOV Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control Russian Academy of SciencesSaratov410031Russia

this paper is a review,which focuses on our work,while including an analysis of many works of other researchers in the field of quaternionic *** regular quaternion models of celestial mechanics and astrodynamics in the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel(KS)variables and Euler(Rodrigues-Hamilton)parameters are *** models are derived by the quaternion methods of mechanics and are based on the differential equations of the perturbed spatial two-body problem and the perturbed spatial central motion of a point *** paper also covers some applications of these *** and Scheifele are known to have doubted that quaternions and quaternion matrices can be used efficiently to regularize the equations of celestial ***,the author of this paper and other researchers refuted this point of view and showed that the quaternion approach actually leads to efficient solutions for regularizing the equations of celestial mechanics and *** paper presents convenient geometric and kinematic interpretations of the KS transformation and the KS bilinear relation proposed by the present *** general(compared with the KS equations)quaternion regular equations of the perturbed spatial two-body problem in the KS variables are *** equations are derived with the assumption that the KS bilinear relation was not *** main stages of the quaternion theory of regularizing the vector differential equation of the perturbed central motion of a point particle are presented,together with regular equations in the KS variables and Euler parameters,derived by the aforementioned *** also present the derivation of regular quaternion equations of the perturbed spatial two-body problem in the Levi-Civita variables and the Euler parameters,developed by the ideal rectangular Hansen coordinates and the orientation quaternion of the ideal coordinate *** paper also gives new results using quaternionic methods in the pertur

关键词： celestial mechanics astrodynamics perturbed spatial two-body problem central motion regularization Levi-Civita and Kustaanheimo-Stiefel(KS)variables Euler parameter quaternion

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Absorption of laser radiation in ultracold plasma

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第10期25卷 128-131页

作者： n y Shaparev Institute of Computational Modeling Russian Academy of Sciences national Research tomsk State University

In this paper, we analyze the spectral behavior(optical thickness, shape and linewidth) of laser radiation absorption under the correlation heating of ions in an ultracold plasma. the Voigt formula is used to find the absorption *** spectral line width is shown to grow with time while the optical thickness reduces. Our modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental findings reported in the literature.

关键词： absorption laser radiation ultracold plasma

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Biomass Industrial Effluent Effect on Carbohydrates,Aminoacids,nitrite and nitrite Enzyme Activities of Arachis hypogaea L.

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 203-215页

作者： P C nagajyoti n Dinakar S Suresh y Udaykiran C Suresh t n V K V Prasad t Damodharam Department of Environmental Sciences Sri Venkateswara University national Institute of nutrition Hyderabad Regional Agricultural Research Station N.G. Ranga Agriculture University

the objectives of the present investigations are to see the effects of biomass power plant effluent on the carbohydrates, aminoacids, nitrite and nitrite enzyme activitiesand proline of Arachis hypogaea L. var tCGS 320 under controlled pot culture methods. Plants were cultivated with 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the effluent and a control without the effluent. the treatment of the crop with 25% of the effluent has shown stimulatory effect on all the biochemical parameters studied. Carbohydrates, starch, aminoacids, protein, nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymatic activities have increased in 10, 15, 20 DAS （days after sowing）. In 25 and 30 DAS all biochemical parameters have decreased, due to environmental factors （rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc.）. the present investigation clearly indicated that the biomass power plant effluent has stimulatory effect on all the biochemical contents at lower concentration, and at higher concentration they have deleterious effects.

关键词： biomass power plant effluent biochemical parameters Arachis hypogaea stimulatory effect

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Amino acid sequence of BmK AS, a novel polypeptide activator of ryanodine receptor on skeletal muscle

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第11期42卷 952-956页

作者： Ji, yH Liu, y Xu, K Ohishi, t Mochizuki, t Hoshino, M yanaihara, n Shanghai Institute of Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka Japan yanaihara 1st. Inc. Fujinomiya-shi Japan

In ref.[1],we have described a novel activator(BmK AS)of ryanodine receptor on skeletal muscle,which was obtained from the venom of scorpion Buthus martensi *** noteprovides the complete amino acid sequence of the active polypeptide,BmK *** molecularweight ot the polypeptide thus determined was 7 698 u,calculated based on its sequence(to-tally 66 residues),which was coincident with the value of 7 696.26 u determined by electro-

关键词： scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch ryanodine receptor activator amino acid sequence.

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timoshenko beam model for chiral materials

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2018年第3期34卷 549-560页

作者： t.y.Ma y.n.Wang L.yuan J.S.Wang Q.H.Qin Department of Mechanics Tianjin University School of Engineering Deakin University Research School of Engineering Australian National University

natural and artificial chiral materials such as deoxyribonucleic acid （DnA）, chromatin fibers, flagellar filaments, chiral nanotubes, and chiral lattice materials widely exist. Due to the chirality of intricately helical or twisted microstructures, such materials hold great promise for use in diverse applications in smart sensors and actuators, force probes in biomedical engineering, structural elements for absorption of microwaves and elastic waves, etc. In this paper, a timoshenko beam model for chiral materials is developed based on noncentrosymmetric micropolar elasticity theory. the governing equations and boundary conditions for a chiral beam problem are derived using the variational method and Hamilton＇s principle. the static bending and free vibration problem of a chiral beam are investigated using the proposed model. It is found that chirality can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of beams, making materials more flexible compared with nonchiral counterparts, inducing coupled twisting deformation, relatively larger deflection, and lower natural frequency. this study is helpful not only for understanding the mechanical behavior of chiral materials such as DnA and chromatin fibers and characterizing their mechanical properties, but also for the design of hierarchically structured chiral materials.

关键词： timoshenko beam model Chiral material Chirality Deflection Microrotation

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