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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu sangchul Yoon Kee B park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand social sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ages).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** Between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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A concise review on surface and structural modification of porous zeolite scaffold for enhanced hydrogen storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 33-53页

作者： B.A.Abdulkadir R.s.R.Mohd Zaki A.t.Abd Wahab s.N.Miskan Anh-tam Nguyen Dai-Viet N.Vo H.D.setiabudi Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil YaakobGambangPahang 26300Malaysia Faculty of Chemical&Process Engineering technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil YaakobGambangPahang 26300Malaysia Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials(CE@GrEEN) Nguyen Tat Thanh University300A Nguyen Tat ThanhDistrict 4Ho Chi Minh City 755414Viet Nam

Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical ***,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsatisfactory(0.224%-1.082%(mass))compared to its modified ***,the contemporary focus on enhancing hydrogen storage capacities has led to significant attention towards the utilization of modified zeolites,with studies exploring surface modifications through physical and chemical treatments,as well as the integration of various active *** enhanced hydrogen storage properties of zeolites are attributed to the presence of aluminosilicates from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals,resulting in increased storage capacity through interactions with the charge density of these ***,there is a great demand to critically review their role such as well-defined topology,pore structure,good thermal stability,and tunable hydrophilicity in enhanced hydrogen *** article aimed to critically review the recent research findings based on modified zeolite performance for enhanced hydrogen *** of the factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacities of zeolites that can affect the rate of reaction and the stability of the adsorbent,like pressure,structure,and morphology were studied,and ***,future perspectives,recommendations,and directions for modified zeolites were discussed.

关键词： Zeolites Hydrogen storage surface modification Adsorption Active metal

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tEAM:transformer Encoder Attention Module for Video Classification

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 451-477页

作者： Hae sung park Yong suk Choi Department of Artificial Intelligence Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Computer science Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea

Much like humans focus solely on object movement to understand actions,directing a deep learning model’s attention to the core contexts within videos is crucial for improving video *** the recent study,Video Masked Auto-Encoder(VideoMAE)employs a pre-training approach with a high ratio of tube masking and reconstruction,effectively mitigating spatial bias due to temporal redundancy in full video *** steers the model’s focus toward detailed temporal ***,as the VideoMAE still relies on full video frames during the action recognition stage,it may exhibit a progressive shift in attention towards spatial contexts,deteriorating its ability to capture the main spatio-temporal *** address this issue,we propose an attention-directing module named transformer Encoder Attention Module(tEAM).this proposed module effectively directs the model’s attention to the core characteristics within each video,inherently mitigating spatial *** tEAM first figures out the core features among the overall extracted features from each *** that,it discerns the specific parts of the video where those features are located,encouraging the model to focus more on these informative ***,during the action recognition stage,the proposed tEAM effectively shifts the VideoMAE’s attention from spatial contexts towards the core spatio-temporal *** attention-shift manner alleviates the spatial bias in the model and simultaneously enhances its ability to capture precise video *** conduct extensive experiments to explore the optimal configuration that enables the tEAM to fulfill its intended design purpose and facilitates its seamless integration with the VideoMAE *** integrated model,i.e.,VideoMAE+tEAM,outperforms the existing VideoMAE by a significant margin on something-something-V2(71.3%vs.70.3%).Moreover,the qualitative comparisons demonstrate that the tEAM encourages the model to disregard insignificant featur

关键词： Video classification action recognition vision transformer masked auto-encoder

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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1525-1539页

作者： shengchao Duan Min Joo Lee Yao su Wangzhong Mu Dong soo Kim Joo Hyun park school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Department of Materials science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Rep.of Korea Department of Materials science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm 10044Sweden Department of Engineering science and Mathematics Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Casting&Forging Business Unit Nuclear Business GroupDoosan EnerbilityChangwon 51711Rep.of Korea

In combination with theoretical calculations,experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions(NMIs)during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCoB heat-resistant steel and CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–siO_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)electroslag remelting(EsR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial EsR *** main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina,a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al_(2)O_(3)core and liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–siO_(2)–MnO shell,and M_(23)C_(6)carbides with an Mns *** Al_(2)O_(3)and Mns inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M_(23)C_(6)-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification ***,inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer *** EsR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–siO_(2)–MnO oxide and Mns inclusion with a carbide shell,and only the Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and Al_(2)O_(3)core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted *** M_(23)C_(6)-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr_(23)C_(6)based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy *** substitution of Cr with W,Fe,or/and Mo in the Cr_(23)C_(6)lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr_(23)C_(6)***,Cr_(21.34)Fe_(1.66)C_(6),(Cr_(19)W_(4)C_(6),Cr_(18.4)Mo_(4.6)C_(6),and Cr_(16)Fe_(5)Mo_(2)C_(6)can match the fraction pattern of Cr_(23)C_(6)*** Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO,siO_(2),and MnO components in the liquid *** increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al_(2)O_(3)precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF_(2)and the increase in CaO content in the EsR-type slag.

关键词： nonmetallic inclusion heat-resistant steel electroslag remelting M_(23)C_(6) carbide Mns inclusion supersaturation degree

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Low-molecular-weight fucoidan inhibits the proliferation of melanoma via Bcl-2 phosphorylation and PtEN/AKt pathway

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 273-282页

作者： MINJI park CHULHWAN BANG WON-sOO YUN YUN-MI JEONG t&R Biofab Co. Ltd.Seongnam-si13487Korea Department of Dermatology Seoul St.Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul02706Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Tech University of KoreaSi-heung City15073Korea

Fucoidan,a sulfate polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed,has various bioactive properties,including anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-viral,anti-oxidant,anti-coagulant,anti-thrombotic,anti-angiogenic,and anti-Helicobacter pylori ***,the effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan(LMW-F)on melanoma cell lines and three dimensional(3D)cell culture models are not well *** study aimed to investigate the effects of LMW-F on A375 human melanoma cells and cryopreserved biospecimens derived from patients with advanced *** wave was used to fragment fucoidan derived from Fucus vesiculosus into smaller *** and live/dead assays showed that LMW-F inhibited cell proliferation in both A375 cells and patientderived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen *** PtEN/AKt pathway was found to be involved in the anti-melanoma effects of *** blot analysis revealed that LMW-F reduced the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at thr 56,which was associated with the prevention of anti-apoptotic activity of cancer *** findings suggested that LMW-F could enhance anti-melanoma chemotherapy and improve the outcomes of patients with melanoma resistance.

关键词： Low-molecular-weight fucoidan Melanoma Patient-derived melanoma explants in a 3D-printed collagen scaffold Anti-melanoma effect PtEN-AKt-Bcl-2 network

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Enhanced photoluminescence of a microporous quantum dot color conversion layer by inkjet printing

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7717-7725页

作者： Junchi Chen Qihao Jin Yidenekachew.J.Donie Orlando.t.Perales Dmitry Busko Bryce.s.Richards Uli Lemmer Light technology Institute(LtI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engesserstrasse 1376131 KarlsruheGermany Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials science University of Minnesota(UMN)421 Washington Ave.SEMinneapolisMN 55455-0132USA Institute for Microstructure technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Owing to their high color purity,tunable bandgap,and high efficiency,quantum dots(QDs)have gained significant attention as color conversion materials for high-end display ***,inkjet-printed QD pixels show great potential for realizing full-color mini/micro-light emitting diode(micro-LED)-based *** a color conversion layer,the photoluminescence intensity of QDs is limited by the insufficient absorptance of the excitation light due to the lack of *** scatterers,such as titanium dioxide microparticles,have been applied after additional surface engineering for sufficient dispersity to prevent nozzle clogging in inkjet printing *** our work,as an alternative approach,we use inkjet printing for depositing a phase separating polymer ink based on polystyrene(Ps)and polyethylene glycol(PEG).QD/polymer composite pixels with scattering micropores are *** morphology of the micropores can be tailored by the weight ratio between Ps and PEG which enables the manipulation of scattering *** the presence of the microporous structure,the photoluminescence intensity of the QD film is enhanced by 110%in drop-cast films and by 35.3%in inkjet-printed QD pixel arrays compared to the reference samples.

关键词： porous structure inkjet printing phase separation quantum dots display technology

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Radiative heat transfer analysis of a concave porous fin under the local thermal non-equilibrium condition:application of the clique polynomial method and physics-informed neural networks

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1613-1632页

作者： K.CHANDAN K.KARtHIK K.V.NAGARAJA B.C.PRAsANNAKUMARA R.s.VARUN KUMAR t.MUHAMMAD Amrita school of Artificial Intelligence Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere 577002KarnatakaIndia Computational science Lab Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesSunway UniversityPetaling Jaya 47500Malaysia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

the heat transfer through a concave permeable fin is analyzed by the local thermal non-equilibrium(LtNE)*** governing dimensional temperature equations for the solid and fluid phases of the porous extended surface are modeled,and then are nondimensionalized by suitable dimensionless ***,the obtained nondimensional equations are solved by the clique polynomial method(CPM).the effects of several dimensionless parameters on the fin's thermal profiles are shown by graphical ***,the current study implements deep neural structures to solve physics-governed coupled equations,and the best-suited hyperparameters are attained by comparison with various network *** results of the CPM and physicsinformed neural network(PINN)exhibit good agreement,signifying that both methods effectively solve the thermal modeling problem.

关键词： heat transfer fin porous fin local thermal non-equilibrium(LtNE)model physics-informed neural network(PINN)

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Construction of 2D/2D ti_(3)C_(2)t_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： t.Y.Huang Z.Yang s.Y.Yang Z.H.Dai Y.J.Liu J.H.Liao G.Y.Zhong Z.J.Xie Y.P.Fang s.s.Zhang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China school of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China school of Chemical Engineering and Energy technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

the insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utilization of light energy in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor ***,a novel stable ti_(3)C_(2)t_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)Cds nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of Cds *** study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocatalyst Hydrogen evolution

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Forecasting of tropical cyclones AsANI (2022) and MOCHA (2023) over the Bay of Bengal - real time challenges to forecasters

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tROPICAL CYCLONE REsEARCH AND REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 88-112页

作者： Kotal, s. D. Arulalan, t. Mohapatra, M. Govt India Minist Earth Sci India Meteorol Dept New Delhi India

this study examines the track and intensity forecasts of two typical Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones (tC) AsANI and MOCHA. the analysis of various Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model forecasts [ECMWF (European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecast), NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction), NCUM (National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast-Unified Model), IMD (India Meteorological Department), HWRF (Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting)], MME (Multi-model Ensemble), sCIP (statistical Cyclone Intensity Prediction) model, and OFCL (Official) forecasts shows that intensity forecasts of AsANI and track forecasts of MOCHA were reasonably good, but there were large errors and wide variation in track forecasts of AsANI and in intensity forecasts of MOCHA. Among all model forecasts, the track forecast errors of IMD model and MME were least in general for AsANI and MOCHA respectively. Also, the landfall point forecast errors of IMD were least for AsANI, and the MME and OFCL forecast errors were least for MOCHA. No model is found to be consistently better for landfall time forecast for AsANI, and the errors of ECMWF, IMD and HWRF were least and of same order for MOCHA. the intensity forecast errors of OFCL and sCIP were least for AsANI, and the forecast errors of HWRF, IMD, NCEP, sCIP and OFCL were comparable and least for MOCHA up to 48 h forecast and HWRF errors were least thereafter in general. the ECMWF model forecast errors for intensity were found to be highest for both the tCs. the results also show that although there is significant improvement of track forecasts and limited or no improvement of intensity forecast in previous decades but challenges still persists in real time forecasting of both track and intensity due to wide variation and inconsistency of model forecasts for different tC cases. (c) 2024 the shanghai typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communi

关键词： tropical cyclone track forecast Intensity forecast NWP model Bay of Bengal North Indian Ocean NORtH INDIAN-OCEAN INtENsItY PREDICtION AtLANtIC BAsIN tRACK FORECAst LANDFALL PACIFIC MODEL EYE

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A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan Cuccia Rachael Coates Blake Nassar Ethan Littlefield Elizabeth C.Martin Adam t.Melvin Cain Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(Fss)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of Fss on MCF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of Fss on MCF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an Fss magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the MCF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKt,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKt,p-mtOR,and p-stAt3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that Fss can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

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