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Sucrose-associated SnRK1a1-mediated phosphorylation of Opaque2 modulates endosperm filling in maize

Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 788-806页

作者： tao Yang Yunqin huang Longyu Liao Shanshan Wang Haoyu Zhang Jingying Pan Yongcai huang Xiaoling Li Di Chen tao Liu Xiaoduo Lu Yongrui Wu State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize Qilu Normal UniversityJinanChina

During maize endosperm filling,sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this ***,the molecular mechanisms underlying sucrose and endosperm filling are poorly *** this study,we found that sucrose promotes the expression of endosperm-filling hub gene Opaque2(O2),coordinating with storage-reserve *** showed that the protein kinase SnRK1a1 can attenuate O2-mediated transactivation,but sucrose can release this *** assays revealed that SnRK1a1 phosphorylates O2 at serine 41(S41),negatively affecting its protein stability and transactivation *** observed that mutation of SnRK1a1 results in larger seeds with increased kernel weight and storage reserves,while overexpression of SnRK1a1 causes the opposite *** of the native O2(O2-OE),phospho-dead(O2-SA),and phospho-mimetic(O2-SD)variants all increased 100-kernel *** O2-SA seeds exhibit smaller kernel size,they have higher accumulation of starch and proteins,resulting in larger vitreous endosperm and increased test weight.O2-SD seeds display larger kernel size but unchanged levels of storage reserves and test weight.O2-OE seeds show elevated kernel dimensions and nutrient storage,like a mixture of O2-SA and O2-SD ***,our study discovers a novel regulatory mechanism of maize endosperm *** of S41 as a SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation site in O2 offers a potential engineering target for enhancing storage-reserve accumulation and yield in maize.

关键词： maize Opaque2 SnRK1 endosperm phosphorylation sucrose

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the ABA synthesis enzyme allele OsNCED2^(t)promotes dryland adaptation in upland rice

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the Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 68-78页

作者： Liyu huang Yachong Bao Shiwen qin Min Ning qinyan Li qingmao Li Shilai Zhang Guangfu huang Jing Zhang Wensheng Wang Binying Fu Fengyi Hu Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Upland rice shows dryland adaptation in the form of a deeper and denser root system and greater drought resistance than its counterpart,irrigated *** previous study revealed a difference in the frequency of the OsNCED2 gene between upland and irrigated populations.A nonsynonymous mutation(C to t,from irrigated to upland rice)may have led to functional variation fixed by artificial selection,but the exact biological function in dryland adaptation is *** this study,transgenic and association analysis indicated that the domesticated fixed mutation caused functional variation in OsNCED2,increasing ABA levels,root development,and drought tolerance in upland rice under dryland ***2-overexpressing rice showed increased reactive oxygen species-scavenging abilities and transcription levels of many genes functioning in stress response and development that may regulate root development and drought ***2^(t)-NILs showed a denser root system and drought resistance,promoting the yield of rice under dryland ***2^(t)may confer dryland adaptation in upland rice and may find use in breeding dryland-adapted,water-saving rice.

关键词： Upland rice Dryland adaptation ABA Root development Drought tolerance

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.tan q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao J.F.Myatt School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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Cath-KP,a novel peptide derived from frog skin,prevents oxidative stress damage in a Parkinson’s disease model

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 108-124页

作者： Huanpeng Lu Jinwei Chai Zijian Xu Jiena Wu Songzhe He Hang Liao Peng huang Xiaowen huang Xi Chen Haishan Jiang Shaogang qu Xueqing Xu Department of Neurology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence GuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Dermatology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Neurology Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGanzhouJiangxi 341001China

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative condition that results in dyskinesia,with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in its *** peptides may thus present therapeutic potential for *** this study,a novel cathelicidin peptide(Cath-KP;GCSGRFCNLF NNRRPGRLtLIHRPGGDKRtStGLIYV)was identified from the skin of the Asiatic painted frog(Kaloula pulchra).Structural analysis using circular dichroism and homology modeling revealed a uniqueαββconformation for *** vitro experiments,including free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant analyses,confirmed its antioxidant *** the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced dopamine cell line and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPtP)-induced PD mice,Cath-KP was found to penetrate cells and reach deep brain tissues,resulting in improved MPP^(+)-induced cell viability and reduced oxidative stress-induced damage by promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and alleviating mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation through Sirtuin-1(Sirt1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway *** focal adhesion kinase(FAK)and p38 were also identified as regulatory *** the MPtP-induced PD mice,Cath-KP administration increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase(tH)-positive neurons,restored tH content,and ameliorated *** the best of our knowledge,this study is the first to report on a cathelicidin peptide demonstrating potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in a PD model by targeting oxidative *** findings expand the known functions of cathelicidins,and hold promise for the development of therapeutic agents for PD.

关键词： Cath-KP Peptide Parkinson’s disease Oxidative stress Neuroprotection

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quantum weak force sensing with squeezed magnomechanics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 27-36页

作者： qian Zhang Jie Wang tian-Xiang Lu Ran huang Franco Nori Hui Jing Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional quantum Structures and quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University College of Physics and Electronic Information Gannan Normal University theoretical quantum Physics Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering ResearchRIKEN Center for quantum Computing RIKEN Department of Physics University of Michigan Academy for quantum Science and technology Zhengzhou University of Light Industry

Cavity magnomechanics, exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability, rich magnonic nonlinearities, and compatibility with various quantum systems, has witnessed considerable advances in recent years. However, the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical(CMM) systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored. Here we show that, by squeezing the magnons, the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit(SqL). We find that, for comparable parameters, two orders of magnitude enhancement in the force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without magnon squeezing. Moreover, we obtain the optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing the added quantum noise. Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices, with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing.

关键词： quantum force sensing cavity magnomechanics magnon Kerr effect

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Viscoacoustic generalized screen propagator in constant-q model

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2356-2369页

作者： Zhong-Kui Dai Jia-Chun You Xing-Guo huang Wei Liu College of Geophysics Chengdu University of Technology College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Jilin University

When seismic waves propagate through the geological formation, there is a significant loss of energy and a decrease in imaging resolution, because of the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium. this profoundly impacts seismic wavefield propagation, imaging and interpretation. to accurately image the true structure of subsurface medium, the consensus among geophysicists is to no longer treat subsurface medium as ideal homogeneous medium, but rather to incorporate the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium. Based on the generalized screen propagator using conventional acoustic wave equation(acoustic GSP), our developed method introduces viscoacoustic compensation strategy, and derives a one-way wave generalized screen propagator based on time-fractional viscoacoustic wave equation(viscoacoustic GSP). In numerical experiments, we conducted tests on two-dimensional multi-layer model and the Marmousi model. When comparing with the acoustic GSP using the acoustic data, we found that the imaging results of the viscoacoustic GSP using the viscoacoustic data showed a significant attenuation compensation effect, and achieved imaging results for both algorithms were essentially consistent. However, the imaging results of acoustic GSP using viscoacoustic data showed significant attenuation effects, especially for deep subsurface imaging. this indicates that we have proposed an effective method to compensate the attenuated seismic wavefield. Our application on a set of real seismic data demonstrated that the imaging performance of our proposed method in local areas surpassed that of the conventional acoustic GSP. this suggests that our proposed method holds practical value and can more accurately image real subsurface structures while enhancing imaging resolution compared with the conventional acoustic GSP. Finally, with respect to computational efficiency, we gathered statistics on running time to compare our proposed method with conventional q-RtM, and it is evid

关键词： One-way wave equation Viscoacoustic wave equation Generalized screen propagator Attenuation and dispersion effects

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Experimental Study on Mixed-Mode(Ⅰ–Ⅱ)Fracture toughness of Freshwater Ice

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 252-264页

作者： Yaozhong Xu Mao Zhou Xian Yi Wen Hua Jiuzhou huang Wenyu Zhang Shiming Dong Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering Ministry of EducationCollege of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center/Low Speed Aerodynamics Research Institute Mianyang621000China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xichang UniversityXichang615000China

In recent years,the issue of aircraft icing has gained widespread *** breaking and detachment of dynamic ice can pose a threat to flight ***,the shedding and fracture mechanisms of dynamic ice are unclear and cannot meet the engineering needs of ice-shedding hazard ***,studying the fracture toughness of ice bodies has extremely important practical *** address this issue,this article uses a centrally cracked Brazilian disk(CCBD)specimen to measure the pure modeⅠtoughness and pure modeⅡfracture toughness of freshwater ice at different loading *** mixed-mode(Ⅰ–Ⅱ)fracture characteristics of ice are discussed,and the experimental results are compared and analyzed with the theoretical values of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMtS)criterion considering the influence of *** results indicated that as the loading rate increases,the pure modeⅠtoughness and pure modeⅡfracture toughness of freshwater ice decrease,and the fracture toughness of freshwater ice is more sensitive to the loading rate.Ⅰn terms of fracture criteria,the theoretical value of the ratio of pure modeⅡfracture toughness to pure modeⅠfracture toughness based on the GMtS criterion is in good agreement with the experimental value,while the theoretical value based on the maximum tangential stress(MtS)criterion deviates significantly from the experimental value,indicating that the GMtS criterion considering the influence of t-stress can better predict the experimental results.

关键词： Freshwater ice Fracture criteria Centrally cracked Brazilian disk(CCBD) Mixed-mode(Ⅰ-Ⅱ) Loading rate

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Full-parameter omnidirectional transformation optical devices

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 92-99页

作者： Yuan Gao Yu Luo Jingjing Zhang Zhengjie huang Bin Zheng Hongsheng Chen Dexin Ye Interdisciplinary Center for quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University CNRS-InternationalNtU-thales Research Alliance Nanyang Technological University Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang University Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University

transformation optics(tO) provides an unprecedented technique to control electromagnetic(EM) waves by engineering the constitutive parameters of the surrounding medium through a proper spatial transformation. In general, ideal transformation optical devices require simultaneous electric and magnetic responses along all three dimensions. to ease the practical implementation, previous studies usually made use of reduced parameters or other simplified approaches, which inevitably introduce extra reflection or unwanted phase shift. Up to today, experimental realizations of full-parameter transformation optical devices in free space are still quite limited. Here, a general design strategy is proposed to solve this *** a specific example, a full-parameter spatial-compression tO medium with constitutive parameters taking the diagonal form diag(a, a, 1/a) for the tM wave incidence was designed and realized experimentally. Such spatial-compression tO media were then applied to the implementation of an ideal omnidirectional invisibility cloak capable of concealing a large-scale object over a wide range of illumination angles. Both the simulation and experiment confirm that the cloak allows for nearly unity transmission of EM waves in the forward direction without introducing extra scattering or phase shift. this work constitutes an important stepping stone for future practical implementation of arbitrary full-parameter omnidirectional transformation optical devices.

关键词： transformation optical devices omnidirectional impedance matching full-parameter invisibility cloak

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Facilitated Prediction of Micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining Model Simulation and Portable Measurement

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan huang Mengkai Li Zhe Sun Wentao Li James R.Bolton Zhimin qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

the degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optimization are *** study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(K′_(p,MP))in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable *** methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of photochemical,quantitative structure–activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approximation *** RRSCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a more complex water ***,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,the k′_(p,MP) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally.A lower k′_(p,MP) was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k′_(p,MP) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOPs Micropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix Model simulation

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Species profile and reactivity of volatile organic compounds emission in solvent uses,industry activities and from vehicular tunnels

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 546-559页

作者： Haimei huang Zhangwei Wang Chunhao Dai Hai Wu Jia Guo Chunjie Wang Xiaoshan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 430106China National Institute of Metrology Beijing 100029China

A survey was conducted of the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)released from sources of solvent use,industry activities and vehicle emissions in Guiyang,a capital city of *** were collected by canisters and analyzed by *** species profiles of VOCs emitted from sources were *** showed that xylenes,ethylbenzene,acetone and dichloromethane were the characteristics species for painting,2-propanol and ethyl acetate for printing,α-pinene for solid wood furniture manufacturing,and 2-butanone for biscuit *** characteristics species could be as tracers for the sources *** most of samples from the solvent use,the benzene/toluene(B/t)ratio was less than 0.3,indicating that the ratio could be as the indicator for tracing the solvent use related *** results also suggested that the toluene/xylene(t/X)ratio be as the indicator to distinguish the VOCs sources of painting(the printing(>2).Aromatics contributed the most to ozone formation potential(OFP)of most painting and non-paper printing sources,and oxygen-containing VOCs(OVOCs)were major species contributing to OFP of the sources from food production and paper *** OFP of the VOCs emissions from vehicle in tunnels and from other manufactures were dominated by both aromatics and ***α-pinene could explain 56.94%and 32.54%of total OFP of the VOCs sources from filing cabinet and solid wood furniture manufacturing,which was rarely been involved in previous studies of VOCs source profiles,indicating that the species of concern for VOCs sources are still insufficient at present.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Species profile BtEX ratio Source reactivity

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