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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： tyler A.Smith liwen Zhou Cameron l.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley o.tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve t cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Business Statistics in Practice Bruce l. Bowerman, Richard t. o'Connell 3rd ed.

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2003年

作者： Bruce l. Bowerman Richard t. o'Connell

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Beginning from the end:the presynaptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： laura Huggon Emma l.Clayton UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College london LondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F t D)and amyo t rophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FtD affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and AlS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly *** and AlS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amyotrophic sclerosis

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Impact of lanthanum on the modification of Hfo_2 films structure

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第8期33卷 857-862页

作者： t.P.Smirnova l.V.Yakovkina V.o.Borisov Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS

laxHf1-xoy thin films with various concentrations of la, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous distributions of elements throughout the films thickness was purposefully grown by CVD. the composition of the films and their chemical structures were characterized throughout the films thickness by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDXA）. A full picture of the film crystallinity was provided by the combination of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction （GIXRD） synchrotron radiation （SR） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR tEM）. It was shown that la acted as ＂molar volume modulator＂ and stabilized the nonequilibrium at t≤1300 ℃ cubic phases. the samples with la content in range of 7 at.%〈Cla〈22 at.% were materials with fluorite-type （Fm-3m） structure. the pyroehlore phase formation was observed at -18 at.% la content. the correlation between the la-doped content and the films microstructure was revealed.

关键词： Hf1-xlaxoy films solid solutions X-ray diffraction microstructure rare earths

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Business statistics in practice / Bruce l. Bowerman, Richard t. o'Connell, Michael l. Hand. 2nd ed.

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2001年

作者： Bruce l. Bowerman Richard t. o'Connell Michael l. Hand.

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Burrow morphology of Uca uruguayensis and Uca leptodactylus(Decapoda:ocypodidae)from a subtropical mangrove forest in the western Atlantic

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 307-314页

作者： Glauco B.o.MACHADo João B.l.GUSMÃo-JUNIoR tânia M.CoStA Campus Experimental do litoral Paulista UNESPSão VicenteSão PauloBrazil

the continuous excavation of burrows by fiddler crabs generates bioturbation in the sediment,which can be estimated from burrow *** aim of the present study was to describe the burrow morphology of Uca uruguayensis and *** and its relationship with demography of resident individuals and to estimate the level of bioturbation in the sediment generated by each *** all individuals from each of the 2 species,sex was determined and the carapace width(CW;mm)*** were characterized according to burrow diameter(BD;mm),maximum burrow depth(MBD;mm)and burrow volume(BV;cm^(3)).the density of each species in the study area was also *** both species,the males were larger and occupied burrows with higher BV compared to *** between sexes in relation to the burrow characteristics might reflect sexual dimorphism within the group and are probably related to the fact that males use the burrows for *** and BV showed significant positive relationships with the size of resident *** amount of sediment removed per burrow was estimated from mean BV:10.78 cm^(3)of sediment/burrow for *** and 12.38 cm^(3)of sediment/burrow for *** the density and depth differences between the 2 species,the similarity in burrow volume suggests that *** and *** present the same importance in terms of the bioturbation *** morphology is highly associated with characteristics of the occupant,although extrinsic factors should also be considered,and its description can provide estimates on the bioturbation generated by Uca species in mangrove forests.

关键词： bioturbation burrow structure crab burrowing fiddler crab

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Rare-earth and trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of Cretaceous kaolinitic sediments from the lower Benue trough, Nigeria: provenance and paleoclimatic significance

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 350-363页

作者： Anthony t.Bolarinwa Sunday o.Idakwo David l.Bish Department of Geology University of Ibadan Department of Earth Sciences Kogi State University Department of Geological Sciences Indiana University

this study evaluated the Cretaceous(Campanian–Maastrichtian) kaolinitic sediments of the Ajali/Mamu and Enugu/Nkporo Formations from the lower Benue trough of Nigeria. A combined method of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to investigate trace and rareearth element geochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions. these data were then used to infer the sediments' provenance and paleoclimatic conditions during their deposition. the sediments contained low concentrations of most trace elements, with the exceptions of Zr(651–1352 ppm), Ba(56–157 ppm), V(38–90 ppm),and Sr(15.1–59.6 ppm). Average values of Co and Ni were1.5 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. trace and rare earth element values were lower than corresponding values for upper continental crust and Post-Archean Australian Shale, with the exception of Zr. the samples showed only slight light rare-earth enrichment and nearly flat heavy rare-earth depletion patterns, with negative Eu and tm anomalies,typical of felsic sources. Geochemical parameters such as la/Sc, th/Sc, and th/Co ratios support that the kaolinitic sediments were derived from a felsic rock source, likely deposited in an oxic environment.^(18 )o values ranged from+ 15.4 to + 21.2% for the investigated samples, consistent with a residual material derived from chemicalweathering of felsic rock and redeposited in a sedimentary basin(typical values of + 19 to + 21.2%). While in the basin, the sediments experienced extended interactions with meteoric water enriched in d D and d16 o. However,the variation in d D and d16 o values for the investigated samples is attributed to the high temperature of formation(54–91 °C). the d D and d^(18 )o values suggest that the sediments, although obtained from different localities within the lower Benue trough, formed under similar hot,tropical climatic conditions.

关键词： Rare-earth and trace elements oxygen/ hydrogen isotopic composition Kaolinitic sediments lower Benue trough Nigeria

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Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael J.lee Ryota l.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:the brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).the structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

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Combined Chemical and Mineralogical Evidence for Heavy Metal Binding in Mining- and Smelting-Affected Alluvial Soils

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 464-478页

作者： A. VANEK V. EttlER t. GRYGAR l. BoRUVKA o. EBEK o. DRBEK Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamyck 129 165 21 Praha6 (Czech Republic). Institute of Geochemistry Mineralogy and Mineral Resources Charles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 (CzechRepublic) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Analytical Laboratory Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 250 68 Rez u Prahy(Czech Republic)

the binding of metallic contaminants （Pb, Cd, and Zn） and As on soil constituents was studied on four highly contaxninated alluvial soil profiles from the mining/smelting district of Pribram （Czech Republic） using a combination of mineralogical and chemical methods. Sequential extraction analysis （SEA） was supplemented by mineralogical investigation of both bulk samples and heavy mineral fractions using X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM/EDS）. the mineralogy of Fe and Mn oxides was studied by voltammetry of microparticles （VMP） and diffuse reflectance spectrometry （DRS）. Zinc and Pb were predominantly bound in the reducible fraction attributed to Fe oxides and Mn oxides （mainly birnessite, Na4Mn14o27.9H2o）, which were detected in soils by XRD and SEM/EDS. In contrast, Cd was the most mobile contaminant and was predominantly present in the exchangeable fraction. Arsenic was bound to the residual and reducible fractions （corresponding to Fe oxides or to unidentified Fe-Pb arsenates）. SEM/EDS observations indicate the predominant affinity of Pb for Mn oxides, and to a lesser extent, for Fe oxides. thus, a more suitable SEA procedure should be used for these mining-affected soils to distinguish between the contaminant fraction bound to Mn oxides and Fe oxides.

关键词： alluvial soil Fe and Mn oxides heavy metals mineralogy mining

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Influence of nickel addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2o3–5vol%Zro2 ceramic composites prepared via precipitation method

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第7期26卷 908-914页

作者： Betül Kafkasl?o?lu Y?ld?z Hüseyin Y?lmaz Yahya Kemal tür Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gebze Technical University

the aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of 1vol%-Ni-added yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) toughened alumina composites. First, Ni powders were heterogeneously precipitated in an alumina–zirconia powder mixture suspended in water;the prepared specimens were then pressureless sintered at 1550°C/2 h in a 90vol%Ar/10vol% H2 atmosphere. the structure of phases and microstructure of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Mechanical characterization of the specimens was carried out through Vickers hardness, Vickers indentation toughness, and three-point flexural bending tests. the fine Ni particles were homogeneously dispersed throughout the alumina matrix because of the employed processing method. Furthermore, hardness and toughness values were found to increase by 8% and 50%, respectively, with Ni addition, whereas the relative densities and flexural strength values were found to remain unchanged.

关键词： alumina zirconia ceramic matrix microstructure hardness strength toughness

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