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Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第3期32卷 195-200页

作者： k.Binnemans P.t.Jones Department of Chemistry KU Leuven – University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F- box 2404 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering KU Leuven – University of LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium

this vision paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main options for the recycling of rare-earth ele- ments from end-of-life fluorescent lamps：（1） direct re-use of the lamp phosphor mixture; （2） separation of the lamp phosphor mixture into the different phosphor components; （3） recovery of the rare-earth content. An overview is given of commercial activities in Europe in the domain of recycling of materials from end-of-life fluorescent lamps and the recovery of rare earths from these lamps. the collection of end-of-life fluorescent lamps is currently driven by a legal framework that prohibited the release of mercury to the environment. the contaminations of the lamp phosphor powders by mercury and by small glass particles of crushed fluorescent lamps are limiting factors in the recycling process. Research should be directed to an advanced clean-up of the reclaimed lamp phosphor fraction, and in particular to the removal of mercury and glass fragments. the recovery of rare earths from the lamp phosphors could be facilitated by taking advantage of the differences in resistance of the different lamp phosphors by chemical attack by inorganic ac- ids and bases.

关键词： balance problem fluorescence lamps lamp phosphors lanthanides rare-earth elements recycling urban mining

Influence of Heat Input on Martensite Formation and Impact Property of Ferritic-Austenitic Dissimilar Weld Metals

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2012年第4期28卷 343-352页

作者： M. Mukherjee t.k. Pal Welding technology Centre Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department Jadavpur University

the effect of heat input on martensite formation and impact properties of gas metal arc welded modified ferritic stainless steel （409M） sheets （as received） with thickness of 4 mm was described in detail in this work. the welded joints were prepared under three heat input conditions, i.e. 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 kJ/mm using two different austenitic filler wires （308L and 316L） and shielding gas composition of Ar ＋ 5% CO2. the welded joints were evaluated by microstructure and charpy impact toughness. the dependence of weld metal microstructure on heat input and filler wires were determined by dilution calculation, Creq/Nieq ratio, stacking fault energy （SFE）, optical microscopy （OM） and transmission electron microscopy （tEM）. It was observed that the microstructure as well as impact property of weld metal was significantly affected by the heat input and filler wire. Weld metals prepared by high heat input exhibited higher amount of martensite laths and toughness compared with those prepared by medium and low heat inputs, which was true for both the filler wires. Furthermore, 308L weld metals in general provided higher amount of martensite laths and toughness than 316L weld metals.

关键词： Heat input Ferritic-austenitic dissimilar weld Martensite Grain size toughness

Prediction of wall deposition behaviour in a pilot-scale spray dryer using deposition correlations for pipe flows

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 301-312页

作者： kOtA k. LANGRISH t.A.G. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Sydney Sydney Australia

the particle deposition behaviour of skim milk, water and maltodextrin in the conical section of a pilot-scale spray dryer was predicted using simple correlations for particle depositions in pipes. the predicted particle deposition fluxes of these materials were then compared with the measured deposition fluxes. the predicted particle deposition regimes of the spray dryer were expected to be in the diffusional and mixed (diffusional and inertial) regimes, but the experimental results suggested that the particle deposition was mainly in the inertial regime. therefore, using the pipe correlations for predicting deposition in a pilot-scale spray dryer suggests that they do not sufficiently represent the actual deposition behaviour. this outcome indicates that a further study of particle flow patterns needs to be carried out using numerical simulations (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) in view of the additional geometrical complexity of the spray dryer.

关键词： Spray dryer Pipe correlations Particle deposition

Free vibration and transient response of double curved beams connected by intermediate straight beams

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 37-62页

作者： R.A.JAFARI-tALOOkOLAEI H.GHANDVAR E.JUMAEV S.kHAtIR t.CUONG-LE School of Mechanical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering New Uzbekistan University University of Business and Science Center for Engineering Application and technology Solutions Ho Chi Minh City Open University

this paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP) materials. the strain potential and kinetic energies of each beam along with the work done by the external force are calculated. Additionally, a higher-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices, along with the force vector. the curved and straight beams are discretized, and their assembled stiffness, mass matrices, and force vectors, are *** conditions at the joints are used to derive the total matrices of the entire structure. Subsequently, the natural frequencies and transient response of the system are determined. the accuracy of the mathematical model and the self-developed computer program is validated through the comparison of the obtained results with those of the existing literature and commercial software ANSYS, demonstrating excellent ***, a comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the free vibration and transient response of the considered structure.

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Optimization of Cu content for the development of high-performance t5-treated thixo-cast Al-7Si-0.5Mg-Cu(wt.%)alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2021年第34期93卷 178-190页

作者： k.Yamamoto M.takahashi Y.kamikubo Y.Sugiura S.Iwasawa t.Nakata S.kamado Nagaoka University of technology NagaokaJapan Asanuma Giken Co. Ltd.HamamatsuJapa Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture ShizuokaJapan

Cu content has been successfully optimized in a thixo-cast and directly aged(t5-treatment)Al-7 Si-0.5 Mg(wt.%)*** after the 0.5%Cu addition,plate-like Al_(2)Cu(θ’)phases,which contribute to high strengths and large plasticity,are *** formation of a large fraction of Cu-containing brittle phases could be suppressed as ***,the Al-7Si-0.5Mg-0.5Cu alloy exhibits high ultimate tensile strength,0.2%proof stress,and elongation to failure of 296 MPa,209 MPa,and 8.8%,*** results in a high quality index similar to that of solution-treated and subsequently aged(t6-treated)Al-7 Si-Mg alloys.A Cu addition over 1.0%further improves the strengths;however,this leads to poor ductility because of the high fraction of Cu-containing brittle phases.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy thixo-casting t5-treatment Mechanical property Microstructure

Effect of Injection Position on In-Flight Melting Behavior of Granular Alkali-Free Glass Raw Material in 12-Phase AC Arc Plasma

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Plasma Science and technology 2009年第6期11卷 699-703页

作者：姚耀春 k.YAtSUDA t.WAtANABE t.YANO National Engineering Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy Kunming University of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226-8502Japan Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. the effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. the high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.

关键词： 12-phase AC arc plasma in-flight melting technology heat transfer glass production

Melting effect and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux in fourth-grade material flow through a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第12期42卷 1787-1798页

作者： t.HAYAt k.MUHAMMAD A.ALSAEDI department of mathematics quaid-i-azam universityislamabad 44000pakistan nonlinear analysis and applied mathematics(naam)research group department of mathematicsfaculty of scienceking abdulaziz universityjeddah 80203saudi arabia

the melting phenomenon in two-dimensional(2 D)flow of fourth-grade material over a stretching surface is *** flow is created via a stretching surface.A Darcy-Forchheimer(D-F)porous medium is considered in the flow *** heat transport is examined with the existence of the Cattaneo-Christov(C-C)heat *** fourth-grade material is electrically conducting subject to an applied magnetic *** governing partial differential equations(PDEs)are reduced into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by appropriate *** solutions are constructed analytically through the optimal homotopy analysis method(OHAM).the fluid velocity,temperature,and skin friction are examined under the effects of various involved *** fluid velocity increases with higher material parameters and velocity ratio parameter while decreases with higher magnetic parameter,porosity parameter,and Forchheimer *** fluid temperature is reduced with higher melting parameter while boosts against higher Prandtl number,magnetic parameter,and thermal relaxation ***,the skin friction coefficient decreases against higher melting and velocity ratio parameters while increases against higher material parameters,thermal relaxation parameter,and Forchheimer number.

关键词： melting heat Darcy-Forchheimer(D-F)porous medium magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Cattaneo-Christov(C-C)heat flux fourth-grade fluid optimal homotopy analysis method(OHAM)

Mechanical Property Prediction of Commercially Pure titanium Welds with Artificial Neural Network

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2005年第3期21卷 403-407页

作者： YanhongWEI k.k.D.H.Bhadeshia t.Sourmail StatekeyLaboratoryofAdvancedWeldingProductiontechnology HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbin150001China DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandMetallurgy UniversityofCambridgeCambridgeCB23QZUK

Factors that affect weld mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium have been investigated using artificial neural networks. Input data were obtained from mechanical testing of single-pass, autogenous welds, and neural network models were used to predict the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, Vickers hardness and Rockwell B hardness. the results show that both oxygen and nitrogen have the most significant effects on the strength while hydrogen has the least effect over the range investigated. Predictions of the mechanical properties are shown and agree well with those obtained using the 'oxygen equivalent' (OE) equations.

关键词： Commercially pure titanium Artificial neural networks Mechanical properties Weld

Influence of local stiffeners and cutout shapes on the vibration and stability characteristics of quasi-isotropic laminates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loadings

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2022年第12期18卷 2107-2124页

作者： t.Rajanna k.S.Subash Chandra k.Venkata Rao Department of Civil Engineering B.M.S College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Research Scholar B.M.S College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Department of Mechanical Engineering B.M.S Evening College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government PolytechnicBagepalli561207India

the perforated stiffened panel is generally found as a sub-component of sophisticated *** fundamental purpose of this panel is to withstand against buckling under complicated loading and environmental ***,an accurate knowledge of critical buckling behaviour of stiffened panels is very much essential for a reliable and lightweight structural *** this paper,the focus is on quasi-laminated panels with different cutout shapes of various sizes and their responses to hygrothermal environments under nonlinearly varying edge loads and is compared with the locally stiffened *** this,the modelling of the panel and stiffener is done by adopting nine-noded heterosis plate elements and three noded beam elements *** stiffener formulation is suitably modified in order to take the torsional effect also into consideration along with the effect of shear ***,the plate and the stiffener elements are treated separately,and then the displacement compatibility is maintained between them by using the transformation *** a given loading and geometric discontinuity,the stress distribution within the perforated panel is highly non-uniform in nature and hence a dynamic approach has been used to calculate buckling loads by adopting two sets of boundary conditions,one set for pre-buckling stress analysis and the second set for buckling *** different quasi-isotropic stacking sequences are deliberated in this work by varying different ply-orientation in each *** study also addresses the effect of various parameters such as nonlinear loads,hygro-thermal loads,cutout size and shapes,position of cutout,stiffener parameters,stacking sequences,thickness of plate and boundary conditions.

关键词： Locally stiffened panels Buckling Vibration Cutouts Heterosis Hygrothermal environment