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Basis for t.e.diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： edwin t.Moran Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Depart.e.t Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is t.e.Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in t.e.aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, t.e.effect varying with t.e.nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms t.e.basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near t.e.enzyme?s active site furt.e. stabilizes its newly formed structure. thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to t.e.polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, furt.e. compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in t.e.duodenum, Ca2+and ot.e. cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip t.e. from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces t.e.r structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield bet.e.n mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free t.e.viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with t.e.glycocalyx of adjacent.e.terocytes t.e.eby constructing t.e.unstirred water layer（USWL）. excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from t.e.USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Distribution, health and ecological risk assessments of trace elements in Nigerian oil sands

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 59-71页

作者： Odunayo t.Ore Festus M.Adebiyi Depart.e.t of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Depart.e.t of Chemical Sciences Achievers UniversityOwoNigeria

t.e.Nigerian oil sands represent t.e.largest oil sand deposit in Africa, yet t.e.e is litt.e.published information on t.e.distribution and potential health and ecological risks of trace elements in t.e.oil resource. In t.e.present study, we investigated t.e.distribution pat.e.n of 18trace elements(including biophile and chalcophile elements) as well as t.e.estimated risks associated with exposure to t.e.e elements. t.e.results of t.e.study indicated that Fe was t.e.most abundant.e.ement, with a mean concentration of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had t.e.lowest mean concentration of 48 mg/kg. t.e.high occurrence of Fe and ti suggested a possible occurrence of ilmenite(Fe tiO_(3)) in t.e.oil sands. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization showed that t.e.possible sources of detected elements in t.e.oil sands were geogenic, metal production, and crustal. t.e.contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and Nemerow pollution index indicated that t.e.oil sands are heavily polluted by t.e.elements. Health risk assessment showed that children were relatively more susceptible to t.e.potentially toxic elements in t.e.oil sands principally via ingestion exposure route(HQ > 1e-04). Cancer risks from inhalation are unlikely due to CR e-06 but ingestion and dermal contact pose severe risks(CR > 1e-04). t.e.high concentrations of t.e.elements pose serious threats due to t.e.potential for atmospheric transport, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability.

关键词： Biophile Chalcophile Oil sand Risk assessment trace element

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eXPONeNtIAL FIt.e. MetHODS FOR t.e.NUMeMCAL SOLUtION OF t.e.SCHRDINGeR eQUAtION

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Journal of Computational Mat.e.atics 1996年第2期14卷 120-134页

作者： t.e. Simos(Laboratory of Applied Mat.e.atics and Computers, Depart.e.t of Sciences technicalUniversity of Crete, Greece) technical University of Crete 希腊

A new sixth-order Runge-Kutta type method is developed for t.e.numericalintegration of t.e.radial Schrodinger equation and of t.e.coupled differential equa-tions of t.e.Schrodinger type. t.e.formula developed contains certain free pa-rameters which allows it to be fit.e. automatically to exponential functions. Wegive a comparative error analysis with ot.e. sixth order exponentially fit.e. meth-ods. t.e.t.e.retical and numerical results indicate that t.e.new method is moreaccurate than t.e.ot.e. exponentially fit.e. methods.

关键词： exp DINGeR eQUAtION eXPONeNtIAL FIt.e. MetHODS FOR t.e.NUMeMCAL SOLUtION OF t.e.SCHR ACC

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Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming

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Journal of Plant.e.ology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman Scott.e.Nielsen Depart.e.t of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshwater lake by surface area,Lake Superior,USA and Canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for sout.e.n disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,we seek to explain spatial pat.e.ns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and warmest(+5.7℃)climate warming ***,we examined how t.e.interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,we developed an ecological niche model for t.e.presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along t.e.lake’s ***,we fit species distribution models for 20 of t.e.most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,we used t.e.two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in t.e.presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above water,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIS/terra satellite and near-shore depth of water were t.e.best predictors of disjunct ***,we predicted 2236 km of t.e.shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate(894 km)and warmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect Lake Superior species distribution models

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Comparison of fungal vs bacterial infections in t.e.medical intensive liver unit:Cause or corollary for high mortality?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 379-392页

作者： Sarah Khan Hanna Hong Stephanie Bass Yifan Wang Xiao-Feng Wang Omar t Sims Christine e Koval Aanchal Kapoor Christina C Lindenmeyer Depart.e.t of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Depart.e.t of Pharmacy Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Depart.e.t of Quantitative Health Sciences/Biostatistics Section Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Depart.e.t of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Depart.e.t of Infectious Disease Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Depart.e.t of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes pat.e.ts to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as *** data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit(MILU),particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver *** to investigate t.e.impact of fungal infections among critically ill pat.e.ts with advanced liver disease,and compare outcomes to those of pat.e.ts with bacterial *** From our prospective registry of MILU pat.e.ts from 2018-2022,we included 27 pat.e.ts with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial *** compared outcomes bet.e.n pat.e.ts admit.e. to t.e.MILU with fungal infections to bacterial *** was extracted through chart *** All fungal infections were due to Candida species,and were most frequently blood *** among pat.e.ts with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to t.e.bacterial cohort(93%vs 52%,Pt.e.majority of t.e.fungal cohort developed grade 2 or 3 acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF)(90%vs 64%,P=0.02).Pat.e.ts in t.e.fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors(96%vs 70%,P=0.04),mechanical ventilation(96%vs 65%,Pe to acute kidney injury(78%vs 52%,P=0.014).On MILU admission,t.e.fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health evaluation(108 vs 91,P=0.003),Acute Physiology Score(86 vs 65,P=0.003),and Model for end-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores(86 vs 65,P=0.041).t.e.e was no significant difference in t.e.rate of central line use preceding culture(52%vs 40%,P=0.2).Pat.e.ts with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement,and lower rates of transplant;however,differences did not achieve statistical *** Mortality was worse among pat.e.ts with fungal infections,likely attributable to severe ACLF *** studies examinin

关键词： Fungal Infection Sepsis Acute on chronic liver failure Intensive care

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Near resonance vibration isolation on a levered-dual response(LeDAR)Coulomb-damped system by differential preloads/offsets in linear springs

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Applied Mat.e.atics and Mechanics(english edition) 2024年第6期45卷 1033-1050页

作者： t.I.tOLUWALOJU C.K.t.e.N D.HALIM Depart.e.t of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315048Zhejiang ProvinceChina

t.e.levered-dual response(LeDAR)Coulomb-damped system attains near resonant vibration isolation by differential preloads/offsets in linear *** takes t.e.advantages of both t.e.preloads/offsets in linear springs and t.e.guiderail friction for realizing different levels of vibration *** isolation capacit.e. are investigated on t.e.strategies with both t.e.horizontal and vertical guiderails,with t.e.horizontal rail only,and without *** compressive preloads generally result in t.e.consumption of most of t.e.initial excitation energy so as to overcome t.e.potential *** isolation onsets at t.e.frequency ratio of 1∓0.095 on t.e.left-hand side(LHS)and t.e.right-hand side(RHS)of t.e.lever are relative to t.e.load plate *** observed near resonant isolation thus makes t.e.LeDAR system a candidate for t.e.isolation of t.e.mechanical systems about resonance while opening a path for simultaneous harvesterisolation functions and passive functions at.e.t.e.e frequencies.

关键词： lever ratio Coulomb damping preload tension/compression isolation band/depth offset potential

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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILe

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik e.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.e.Milan t.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors t.Yeoman X.tan M.G.G.t.taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kaurist.e.e.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes e.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer t.Sun M.-t.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rut.e.ford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Depart.e.t of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Cent.e.for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Depart.e.t of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada eSteC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada t.e.Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Depart.e.t of earth and environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Cent.e.for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

t.e.joint.e.ropean Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link explorer(SMILe)mission will explore global dynamics of t.e.magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor t.e.auroral response of t.e.Nort.e.n Hemisphere *** t.e.e large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond t.e.original goals of t.e.SMILe ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILe,and t.e.benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILe can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different.e.periment types and geographical locations,t.e.Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating t.e.e *** include constructing an online SMILe Data Fusion Facility,t.e.discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scat.e. radar,and t.e.consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with t.e.SMILe mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from t.e.solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILe conjunctions missions

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Learning t.e.optimal power flow:environment design mat.e.s

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energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 432-443页

作者： thomas Wolgast Astrid Nieße Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Department of Computing ScienceDigitalized Energy SystemsAmmerländer Heerstraße 114-118Oldenburg26129Germany

to solve t.e.optimal power flow(OPF)problem,reinforcement learning(RL)emerges as a promising new ***,t.e.RL-OPF literature is strongly divided regarding t.e.exact formulation of t.e.OPF problem as an RL *** this work,we collect and implement diverse environment design decisions from t.e.literature regarding training data,observation space,episode definition,and reward function *** an experimental analysis,we show t.e.significant impact of t.e.e environment design options on RL-OPF training ***,we derive some first recommendations regarding t.e.choice of t.e.e design *** created environment framework is fully open-source and can serve as a benchmark for future research in t.e.RL-OPF field.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Optimal power flow environment design economic Dispatch Voltage control Reactive power market

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Highly Defective Dark tiO_(2) Modified with Pt: effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Propert.e.

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transactions of tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： e.D.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Reutova t.A.Bugrova I.Yu.Ovsyuk L.S.Kibis O.A.Stonkus D.B.Vasilchenko O.V.Vodyankina V.A.Svetlychnyi National Research tomsk State University TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk State University NovosibirskRussia 630090 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry NovosibirskRussia 630090

t.e.study focused on t.e.modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both t.e.method of Pt introduction and t.e.nature of t.e.Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and t.e.hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. t.e.sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. t.e.X-ray phot.e.ectron spectroscopy results showed that t.e.photoreduction method facilitated t.e.appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to t.e.strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) eff ect of t.e.transfer of electron density from t.e.electron-saturated defects on t.e.tiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . In t.e.hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of t.e.Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to t.e.SMSI eff ect, exhibited t.e.highest photocatalytic activity. t.e.0.5Pt(C)/tiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited t.e.highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

关键词： Dark(black)tiO_(2) Pulsed laser ablation Platinum reduction method Precursor type Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Clinical validation of t.e.early embryo viability assessment system: Analysis for t.e.blastocyst morphology and pregnancy outcomes

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第5期13卷 219-227页

作者： Vu D Hop An M Cuong Phi t t Anh Nguyen t L Huong Le Hoang Nguyen V Hanh Assisted Reproductive technology Centre Tam Anh General HospitalHanoiVietnam Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam

Objective:to determine t.e.relationship bet.e.n t.e.early embryo viability assessment.e.VA)and blastocyst morphological parameters and pregnancy ***:this retrospective cohort study was conducted on 291 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles including 2522 embryos with indications of prolonging embryo culture to t.e.blastocyst stage in t.e.Genea embryo review incubator,and 511 single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles from January 2020 to June *** eeVA system produced an eeVA score from e1(best)to e5(worse)for t.e.potential of blastocyst *** morphology was *** association bet.e.n t.e.eeVA score and each type of blastocyst morphology,implantation rate,clinical pregnancy,and ongoing pregnancy were assessed using generalized estimating ***:t.e.inner cell mass A(ICM A),trophectoderm A(te A),blastocoele expansion degree of 3,4,5,6,7 rates were higher with lower t.e.eeVA *** adjusted odd ratio(aOR)(e5 vs e1)was 0.3 for ICM A,0.174 for te A and 0.210 for BL3,4,5,6,7(all Pesting a significant association bet.e.n lower eeVA scores and improved embryo *** implantation,clinical pregnancy,and ongoing pregnancy rate were also higher with lower t.e.eeVA *** aOR of e5 vs e1 was 0.245 for implantation,0.185 for clinical pregnancy and 0.200 for ongoing pregnancy rate(Pt.e.e were associations bet.e.n blastocyst morphology,pregnancy outcome and eeVA *** good blastocyst morphology and pregnancy outcomes are higher with lower t.e.eeVA score.

关键词： Automated embryo assessment Blastocyst early embryo viability assessment Genea embryo review incubator

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