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DNA-based artificial dendritic cells for in situ cytotoxic t cell stimulation and immunotherapy

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 160-172页

作者： Quoc-Viet le Jaiwoo lee Junho Byun Gayong Shim Yu-Kyoung Oh College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul08826Republic of Korea School of Systems Biomedical Science Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Republic of Korea

In immunotherapy,ex vivo stimulation of t cells requires significant resources and ***,we report artificial dendritic cell-mimicking DNA microflowers(DM)for programming t cell stimulation in *** mimic dendritic cells,DNA-based artificial dendritic microflowers were constructed,surface-coated with polydopamine,and further modified with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies to yield antibody-modified DM(DM-A).the porous structure of DM-A allowed entrapment of the t cell-stimulating cytokine,ineterleukin-2,yielding interleukin-2-loaded DM-A(DM-AI).For comparison,polystyrene microparticles coated with polydopamine and modified with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies(PS-A)were *** to PS-A,DM-AI showed significantly greater contact with t cell ***-AI provided the highest ex vivo expansion of cytotoxic t *** injection of DM-AI to tumor tissues induced the recruitment of t cells and expansion of cytotoxic t cells in tumor *** the other groups,model animals injected with DM-AI did not exhibit growth of primary *** of mice with DM-AI also protected against growth of a rechallenged distant tumor,and thus prevented tumor recurrence in this ***-AI has great potential for programmed stimulation of CD8+t *** concept could be broadly extended for the programming of specific t cell stimulation profiles.

关键词： Artificial dendritic cell DNA microflower In situ t cell stimulation Programmed t cell expansion Immunotherapy

Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第4期31卷 435-444页

作者： Peizhou Liang Weidong le Institute of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Center for translational Research on Neurological Diseases the First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical University

Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. One of its functions is to degrade unnecessary organelles and proteins for energy recycling or amino-acids for cell survival. Ablation of autophagy leads to neurodegeneration. Multiple sclerosis （MS）, a permanent neurological impairment typical of chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder, is an auto-immune disease of the central nervous system （CNS）. Autophagy is tightly linked to the innate and adaptive immune systems during the autoimmune process, and several studies have shown that autophagy directly participates in the progress of MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE, a mouse model of MS）. Dysfunction of mitochondria that intensively influences the autophagy pathway is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy-related gene （AtG） 5 and immune-related GtPase M （IRGM） 1 are increased, while AtG16L2 is decreased, in t-cells in EAE and active relapsing-remitting MS brains. Administration of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin （mtOR）, ameliorates relapsing-remitting EAE. Inflammation and oxidative stress are increased in MS lesions and EAE, but Lamp2 and the LC3-11/LC3-1 ratio are decreased. Furthermore, autophagy in various glial cells plays important roles in regulating neuro-inflammation in the CNS, implying potential roles in MS. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the peripheral immune system and the CNS in neuroinflammation associated with the pathogenesis of MS.

关键词： autophagy multiple sclerosis neuro-inflammation

Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 316-337页

作者： Yajing Ban le Luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2P5Canada

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs)are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’health and production *** to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics,DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock *** used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,and fungi containing Saccharomyces and *** date,the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH,promoting ruminal fermentation and feed *** research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants,however,these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly *** review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade,aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages,and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the *** literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis,improve immune response and gut health,increase productivity(growth and milk production),and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of *** research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants,and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.

关键词： DFM-microbial interaction Direct-fed microbials Gut health Host-DFM interaction Ruminants

Electronic physics and possible superconductivity in layered orthorhombic cobalt oxychalcogenides

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Science Bulletin 2017年第8期62卷 563-571页

作者： Congcong le Shengshan Qin Jiangping Hu Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100190 China Kavli Institute of theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

We suggest that cobalt-oxychalcogenide layers constructed by vertex sharing CoA_2O_2(A = S, Se, te) tetrahedra, such as BaCoAO, are strongly correlated multi-orbitals electron systems that can provide important clues on the cause of unconventional superconductivity. Differing from cuprates and iron-based superconductors, these systems lack of the D_(4h) symmetry classification. However, their parental compounds possess antiferromagnetic(AFM) Mott insulating states through pure superexchange interactions and the low energy physics near Fermi surfaces upon doping is mainly attributed to the three t_(2g) orbitals that dominate the AFM interactions. We derive a low energy effective model for these systems and predict that a d-wave-like superconducting state with reasonable high transition temperature can emerge by suppressing the AFM ordering even if the pairing symmetry can not be classified by the rotational symmetry any more.

关键词： Superconductivity transition metal bichalcogenides High temperature superconductors Anti ferromagnetism

Predicting diamond-like Co-based chalcogenides as unconventional high temperature superconductors

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Science Bulletin 2018年第20期63卷 1338-1344页

作者： Jiangping Hu Yuhao Gu Congcong le Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Kavli Institute of theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1O0190China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100049China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsInstitute of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

We predict Co-based chalcogenides with a diamond-like structure can host unconventional high temperature superconductivity(high-tc). the essential electronic physics in these materials stems from the Co layers with each layer being formed by vertex-shared CoA_4(A=S, Se, te) tetrahedra complexes, a material genome proposed recently by us to host potential unconventional high-tcclose to a d7 filling configuration in 3 d transition metal compounds. We calculate the magnetic ground states of different transition metal compounds with this structure. It is found that(Mn, Fe, Co)-based compounds all have a G-type antiferromagnetic(AFM) insulating ground state while Ni-based compounds are paramagnetic *** AFM interaction is the largest in the Co-based compounds as the three t2 gorbitals all strongly participate in AFM superexchange interactions. the abrupt quenching of the magnetism from the Co to Ni-based compounds is very similar to those from Fe to Co-based pnictides in which a C-type AFM state appears in the Fe-based ones but vanishes in the Co-based ones. this behavior can be considered as an electronic signature of the high-tcgene. Upon doping, as we predicted before, this family of Co-based compounds favor a strong d-wave pairing superconducting state.

关键词： Iron-based superconductors Cuprates Cobalt chalcogenides d-wave pairing symmetry

Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes:Determination and potential health risk

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 168-176页

作者： Qingqing Liu Chengzhi Huang XChris le Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analysis(Southwest University) Chongqing Science&Technology CommissionCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-time Analytical System Chongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Alberta10102 Clinical Sciences BuildingEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes)and the associated health effects are poorly *** has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes)and *** report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the *** e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass *** condensed from vaping the eliquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic *** arsenic species were detected,including inorganic arsenate(iAsⅤ),arsenite(iAsⅢ),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),and three new arsenic species not reported *** e-liquids,iAsⅢwas detected in 59%,iAsⅤin 94%,and MMA in 47%of the *** the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids,iAsⅢwas detected in 100%,iAsv in 88%,and MMA in 13%of the *** arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of *** concentration of iAsⅢin the condensate of aerosols(median 3.27μg/kg)was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid(median 1.08μg/kg)*** concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4μg/m3,which approaches to the permissible exposure limit(10μg/m3)set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s unit risk factor(4.3×10-3 perμg/m3)for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air,the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the ecigarette vaping air(3.4μg/m3),assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1%of the time,is as high as1.5×*** results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes.

关键词： Electronic cigarettes E-liquid E-cigarette aerosol Arsenic speciation Inhalation exposure Metals Lung cancer risk

Zongluo Luo, a Chinese Haigui in 1930s

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 972-973页

作者： Ming Li le Kang Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

“Haigui,”which pronounces the same in Chinese as that of sea turtle,has become a trendy word in modern *** those of you who are not familiar with the word yet,Haigui is a homonym for returnee from *** overseas-educated Chinese scholars,the idea of returning home becomes more and more enticing because of China’s rapid economic *** 2010,nearly half a million of Chinese have returned from *** the trend has no exception in the life science *** are attracted back home for promising research environment and rising *** returnees say that the lab environment they have got here in China definitely trumps what they could expect in the United States or *** wouldn’t they have returned?However,their earlier counterparts back in the old days were not as lucky as they are *** the 1920s and 1930s,scientists returned for completely different reasons.

关键词： return overseas returned

Is irreversible electroporation safe and effective in the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第2期18卷 117-124页

作者： Li-Ming Wu le-le Zhang Xin-Hua Chen Shu-Sen Zheng Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Background: Irreversible electroporation(IRE) is a novel ablative technique for hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. this review summarizes the data regarding the safety and efficacy of IRE in the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. Data sources: Studies were identified by searching Pub Med and Embase for articles published in English from database inception through July 31, 2017. For inclusion, each clinical study had to report morbidity and survival data on hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers treated with IRE and contain at least 10 patients. Studies that met these criteria were included for analysis. two authors assessed each clinical study for data extraction. the controversial parts were resolved through discussion with seniors. Results: A total of 24 clinical studies were included. Fourteen focused on hepatic ablation with IRE comprising 437 patients with 666 lesions of different tumor types. two patients(0.5%) died after the IRE procedure. Morbidity of hepatic ablation with IRE ranged from 7% to 35%. Most complications were mild. Complete response for hepatic tumors was reported as 57%–97%. ten studies with 455 patients focused on pancreatic IRE. the overall mortality of IRE in pancreatic cancer was 2%. Overall severe morbidity of IRE in pancreatic cancer ranged from 0 to 20%. the median overall survival after IRE ranged from 7 to 23 months. Patients treated with IRE combined with surgical resection showed a longer overall survival. Conclusions: IRE significantly improves the prognosis of advanced hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignances, and companied with less complications. Hence, IRE is a relatively safe and effective non-thermal ablation strategy and potentially recommended as an option for therapy of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignances.

关键词： Irreversible electroporation Hepatic cancer Pancreatic cancer

Silent battles:immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 159-170页

作者： Nina le Bert taraz Samandari Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations,ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal *** review centers on asymptomatic infections,a widely reported phenomenon that has substantially contributed to the rapid spread of the *** such asymptomatic infections,we focus on the role of innate,humoral,and cellular ***,asymptomatic infections are characterized by an early and robust innate immune response,particularly a swift type 1 IFN reaction,alongside a rapid and broad induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific t ***,antibody levels tend to be lower or undetectable after asymptomatic infections,suggesting that the rapid control of viral replication by innate and cellular responses might impede the full triggering of humoral *** if antibody levels are present in the early convalescent phase,they wane rapidly below serological detection limits,particularly following asymptomatic ***,prevalence studies reliant solely on serological assays likely underestimate the extent of community exposure to the virus.

关键词： COVID-19 asymptomatic cellular immunity antibody