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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. these studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. the other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. the combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PtSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PtSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PtSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.v.P.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intake critical

Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： victor v.Chizhikov Igor Y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Impact of Pollutant Concentration and Particle Deposition on the Radiative Flow of Casson-Micropolar Fluid between Parallel Plates

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 665-690页

作者： Ghaliah Alhamzi Badr Saad t.Alkahtani Ravi Shanker Dubey vinutha Kalleshachar Neelima Nizampatnam Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11564Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11989Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Amity School of Applied SciencesAmity University RajasthanJaipur302002RajasthanIndia Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere577002India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru560035India

Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental *** the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge *** waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution *** study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle *** explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are *** governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity *** Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary *** integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of *** outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current *** reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter *** concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic *** upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass *** surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.

关键词： Micropolar fluid thermal radiation porous medium thermophoretic particle deposition waste discharge concentration

3D Kinematics of Classical Cepheids According to Gaia EDR3 Catalog

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第4期23卷 1-14页

作者： v.v.Bobylev A.t.Bajkova Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory St.-Petersburg 196140Russia

the kinematics of about 2000 classical Cepheids of the Milky Way with data from Gaia EDR3 catalog has been *** some of these stars,there are line-of-sight *** the basis of the nonlinear rotation model,the parameters of the rotation curve of the Galaxy were *** circular linear rotation velocity of the near-solar neighborhood around the Galaxy center was v0=236±3 km s^(−1) for the assumed Sun's galactocentric distance R0=8.1±0.1 *** of residual velocities of Cepheids based on the linear Ogorodnikov–Milne model showed the presence of the following significantly different from zero gradients:∂U/∂x,∂U/∂z,∂v/∂x,∂v/∂z and∂W/∂x,which behave differently depending on the selection *** most interesting is the gradient∂W/∂x∼−0.5±0.1 km s^(−1) kpc^(−1)(positive rotation of this star system around the Galactic axis y,Ωy)since the velocities W are free of Galactic *** we have an indirect influence of various effects leading to a perturbation of the vertical velocities of the Galactic disk *** on a simpler model,a more accurate estimate of this rotation is obtained,Ωy=0.51±0.07 km s^(−1) kpc^(−1).

关键词： stars distances-Galaxy kinematics and dynamics-stars variables Cepheids

How Common can the Origin of Clusters Cha Ⅰ, Cha Ⅱ, ∈Cha and η Cha be?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 28-34页

作者： v.v.Bobylev A.t.Bajkova Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory St.-Petersburg 196140Russia

the trajectories of the groupings η Cha,∈Cha and Cha I,Cha II,constructed backward in time,have been *** concluded that the hypothesis about the joint formation of all four of these clusters from one molecular cloud cannot be completely ***,10–15 Myr ago,all these four clusters were located at approximately the same height above the plane of the ***,the gas-dust clouds from which all these four clusters were formed were located on one broad *** is possible that the appearance of the Cha I,Cha II,∈Cha and η Cha clusters may be associated with the impact on such a front of shock waves formed after supernova explosions in the Scorpius–Centaurus *** estimates of the kinematic ages of the clusters Cha I and Cha II are obtained as 0.12±0.19 and 0.05±0.15,*** is shown that the minimum size of the Cha I-north and Cha I-south clusters corresponded to the time of 0.55±0.24 Myr and 0.04±0.18 Myr ago,respectively,and approximately1.5 Myr ago the distance between the trajectories of these two groupings was minimal.

关键词： stars distances-stars kinematics and dynamics-galaxies star formation

tuning the particle size,physical properties,and photocatalytic activity of Ag_(3)PO_(4)materials by changing the Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第3期32卷 561-568页

作者： Hung N M Oanh L t M Chung D P thang D v Mai v t Hang L t Minh N v Center for Nano Science and technology Hanoi National University of Education136 Xuan Thuy RoadCau Giay DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Department of Physics Hanoi National University of Education136 Xuan Thuy RoadCau Giay DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Hanoi University of Mining and Geology Duc Thang WardNorth Tu Liem DistrictHanoi 100000Vietnam Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi 100000Vietnam Faculty of Basic Sciences Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment41 A Phu Dien RoadNorth Tu LiemHanoi 100000Vietnam

this study demonstrates the influence of the Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio in precursor solution on the crystal structural formation,morphology,physical properties,and photocatalytic performance of a Ag_(3)PO_(4)photocatalyst that is fabricated,using a facile precipitation method,from AgNO_(3)and Na2HPO_(4)·12H_(2)*** material characterizations were carried out using x-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX),Brunauer–Emmett–teller(BEt)surface area,Fourier transform infrared(FtIR)absorption,Raman scattering,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Uv-vis absorption,and photoluminescence(PL).the results show that Ag_(3)PO_(4)crystallizes better when the excess PO_(4)^(3-)content increases,and the lattice parameters decrease slightly,while the crystal diameter and the particle size *** change is also observed in the Raman scattering and FtIR spectra with the increase in the vibration frequency of the[PO_(4)]*** compression of the[PO_(4)]unit was also confirmed in the XPS spectra with the shift of P 2p peaks toward higher binding *** photocatalytic results showed that the samples synthesized from excess PO_(4)^(3-)solution exhibited higher photocatalytic performance compared to the sample with a Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio of 3:1.A sample prepared from the precursor solution with a Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio of 3:1.5 was optimal for RhB decomposition under both visible light and natural sunlight,completely decomposing 10 ppm RhB after 15 minutes of xenon lamp irradiation and after 60 minutes under solar light *** is attributed to the high crystallinity,small particle size and low electron–hole recombination rate of the sample.

关键词： morphology photocatalytic Ag^(+)/PO_(4)^(3-)ratio visible light