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evaluation of red soil-bentonite mixtures for compacted clay liners

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第2期16卷 697-710页

作者： A.s.devapriya t.thyagaraj department of Civil engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India

Compacted clay liners are an integral part of the waste landfills,which are provided to contain the leachate within the landfills and protect the surrounding ***,locally available natural soils are used for the construction of compacted clay liners if they satisfy the design ***,not all soils in their natural state satisfy all the design criteria for the liner ***,there is a definite need to modify the locally available natural soils by blending with bentonite to meet the required design criteria for the *** view of this,the present study evaluates the suitability of an Indian red soil enhanced with bentonite as a liner *** achieve this,a series of experiments were carried out using locally available red soil and ***,the suitability of the red soil was evaluated as a liner *** experimental results showed that the red soil met all the selection criteria stipulated by the environmental Protection Agencies(ePAs)for the liners except the hydraulic conductivity ***,the red soil was mixed with bentonite contents of 10%,20%and 30%,and the red soil-bentonite mixtures were evaluated for their suitability for liners in their compacted ***,as the liners in the arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to moisture variations due to seasonal moisture fluctuations and other factors,the red soil-bentonite mixtures were subjected to wetdry cycles,and their suitability was evaluated after wet-dry *** experimental results revealed that all the red soil-bentonite mixtures met the stipulated ePA criteria for the liners in the as-compacted ***,the red soil-bentonite mixtures with 20%and 30%bentonite contents only satisfied the hydraulic conductivity requirement even after wet-dry *** experimental findings were supplemented with the microstructural insights captured through digital camera images,scanning electron microscopy(seM),and mercury intrusion porosimetry(M

关键词： Compacted clay lines Hydraulic conductivity Wet-dry cycles Microstructure

the CCd instrument background of the sMILe sXI

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington d.J.Hall t.W.Buggey s.Parsons t.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani s.sembay Centre for electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

the esA and CAs sMILe mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** soft X-ray Imager(sXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCds(Charge-Coupled devices)that form the focal plane array of the sXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Highly defective dark tiO_(2) Modified with Pt: effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Properties

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transactions of tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： e.d.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Reutova t.A.Bugrova I.Yu.Ovsyuk L.s.Kibis O.A.stonkus d.B.Vasilchenko O.V.Vodyankina V.A.svetlychnyi National Research tomsk state University TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk state University NovosibirskRussia 630090 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry NovosibirskRussia 630090

the study focused on the modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both the method of Pt introduction and the nature of the Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and the hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. the sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the photoreduction method facilitated the appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to the strong metal-support interaction (sMsI) eff ect of the transfer of electron density from the electron-saturated defects on the tiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . In the hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of the Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to the sMsI eff ect, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. the 0.5Pt(C)/tiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited the highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

关键词： dark(black)tiO_(2) Pulsed laser ablation Platinum reduction method Precursor type Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

Physics of porous materials under extreme laser-generated conditions

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第3期9卷 1-3页

作者： V.t.tikhonchuk s.Weber extreme Light Infrastructure eRIC ELI Beamlines Facility25241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic CeLIA University of Bordeaux33405 TalenceFrance

Porous materials offer unique possibilities for the production of plasmas with controlled density profiles for experiments on laser–matter *** are of growing relevance to many applications,such as inertial confinement fusion,fundamental research,and secondary *** the processes of transformation of a porous solid into a plasma is of fundamental interest and is needed for producing materials with desired properties.

关键词： interaction. properties. porous

sMILe soft X-ray Imager flight model CCd370 pre-flight device characterisation

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： s.Parsons d.J.Hall O.Hetherington t.W.Buggey t.Arnold M.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

throughout the sMILe mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCd370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCds have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCd soft X-ray imager characterisation sMILe

A concise review on surface and structural modification of porous zeolite scaffold for enhanced hydrogen storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第6期70卷 33-53页

作者： B.A.Abdulkadir R.s.R.Mohd Zaki A.t.Abd Wahab s.N.Miskan Anh-tam Nguyen dai-Viet N.Vo H.d.setiabudi Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil YaakobGambangPahang 26300Malaysia Faculty of Chemical&Process engineering technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil YaakobGambangPahang 26300Malaysia Center of excellence for Green energy and environmental Nanomaterials(Ce@GreeN) Nguyen Tat Thanh University300A Nguyen Tat ThanhDistrict 4Ho Chi Minh City 755414Viet Nam

Investigating zeolites as hydrogen storage scaffolds is imperative due to their porous nature and favorable physicochemical ***,the storage capacity of the unmodified zeolites has been rather unsatisfactory(0.224%-1.082%(mass))compared to its modified ***,the contemporary focus on enhancing hydrogen storage capacities has led to significant attention towards the utilization of modified zeolites,with studies exploring surface modifications through physical and chemical treatments,as well as the integration of various active *** enhanced hydrogen storage properties of zeolites are attributed to the presence of aluminosilicates from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals,resulting in increased storage capacity through interactions with the charge density of these ***,there is a great demand to critically review their role such as well-defined topology,pore structure,good thermal stability,and tunable hydrophilicity in enhanced hydrogen *** article aimed to critically review the recent research findings based on modified zeolite performance for enhanced hydrogen *** of the factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacities of zeolites that can affect the rate of reaction and the stability of the adsorbent,like pressure,structure,and morphology were studied,and ***,future perspectives,recommendations,and directions for modified zeolites were discussed.

关键词： Zeolites Hydrogen storage surface modification Adsorption Active metal

tensor force impact on shell evolution in neutron-rich si and Ni isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 95-106页

作者： s.V.sidorov A.s.Kornilova t.Yu.tretyakova Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia

the influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this *** forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the skyrme *** addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel *** attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.

关键词： nuclear shell model tensor interaction silicon isotopes nickel isotopes

Ground-based and additional science support for sMILe

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik e.donovon A.Kavanagh s.e.Milan t.sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.sibeck M.Connors t.Yeoman X.tan M.G.G.t.taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.P.Freeman d.-s.Han M.d.Hartinger s.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie e.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.sigernes e.spanswick K.sterne A.steuwer t.sun M.-t.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK school of space and environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of space environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic survey CambridgeUK swedish Institute of space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada esteC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA swedish Institude of space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of earth and environmental sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National space science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

the joint european space Agency and Chinese Academy of sciences solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link explorer(sMILe)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the sMILe ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for sMILe,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for sMILe can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online sMILe data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the sMILe mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation sMILe conjunctions missions

Grazing Pressure and Plant Functional types in Puna Highlands,Northwestern Argentina

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Phyton-International Journal of experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 1067-1080页

作者： Quiroga Mendiola Mariana tálamo Andrés IPAF NOA—INtA(National Institute for Agricultural technology) Posta de HornillosJujuy4622Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de SaltaSalta4400Argentina Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA(IBIGeO) UNSa-CONICET.Laboratorio de Ecología Aplicada a la Conservación(LEAC)Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de SaltaSalta4400Argentina Maestría en Gestión Ambiental Escuela de NegociosUniversidad Católica de Salta(UCASAL)Salta4400Argentina

the Puna grasslands support grazing systems that produce meat and wool in multi-species herds,especially from llama(Lama glama)and ***,it is yet unknown whether grazing pressure can modify grassland structure and Plant Functional types diversity and cover in Puna *** analyzed the relationship between grazing pressure and Plant Functional types by comparing transects located near stockyards(high grazing pressure)and far from them(low pressure)and by evaluating the relationship between the Plant Functional types cover to a Grazing Pressure Index(GPI).this index incorporates the heterogeneity of traditional pastoral *** two ecological sites(Ciénego and tolar),we sampled paired transects(near-far).Plots near and far from corrals were similar in all the variables measured except for plots in tolar,which tend to have higher total cover,possibly due to fecal fertilization near ***,we recorded an increase in total cover and grass cover at higher GPI in Ciénego,while in tolar we found lower values of total cover and herbaceous dicotyledonous cover at intermediate intensities of *** only negative relationship found was the cover of clonal and non-clonal shrubs,possibly explained by the greater use of these shrubs as firewood near *** summary,our study does not show important changes in Plant Functional types as a function of grazing pressure in the studied grasslands probably because grazing pressure is diluted or diminished when livestock rotates in different areas and grazing durations ***,the long grazing history with which the Puna has evolved could also contribute to the co-structuration between native vegetation and livestock farming.

关键词： Natural grasslands Puna herbivory ecological perturbation