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Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along nH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, north Western Himalayas

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 167-182页

作者： Amit Jaiswal A.K.Verma t.n.singh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaPatna801106India

the network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic *** to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few *** of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the *** rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock *** study assesses slope stability along the nH-1A of Ramban district of north Western *** structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 *** evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present *** SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely *** stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable *** slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the *** value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,***,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

关键词： Rock mass classification Kinematic analysis Slope stability Himalayan road Static and dynamic conditions

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Stability investigation of road cut slope in basaltic rockmass,Mahabaleshwar,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 837-845页

作者： Ashutosh Kainthola P.K.singh t.n.singh Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Slope failures along hill cut road slopes are the major nuisance for commuters and highway planners as they put the human lives at huge risk,coupled with immense monetary *** of these vulnerable cut slopes entails the assessment and estimation of the suitable material strength input parameters to be used in the numerical models to accomplish a holistic stability *** the present study a 60 m high,basaltic and lateritic road cut hill slope in Mahabaleshwar,India,has been considered.A number of samples of both basalt and laterite,in their natural state were tested in the laboratory and the evaluated maximum,minimum and mean strength parameters were employed for the three cases in a distinct element numerical *** Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion has been incorporated in the numerical model for the material as well as the *** numerical investigation offered the factor of safety and insights into the probable deformational mechanism for the three ***,several critical parameters have also been judged from the study viz.,mode of failure,factor of safety,shear strain rate,displacement magnitudes *** result of this analysis shows that the studied section is prone to recurrent failures due to the capping of a substantially thick layer of weaker lateritic material above the high strength basaltic rock *** triggering mechanisms like heavy precipitation and earthquake may also accelerate the slope failure in this *** study also suggests employing instant preventive measures to avert the further risk of damage.

关键词： Slope stability UDEC Basalt Mahabaleshwar Road cut

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Correlating mode-I fracture toughness and mechanical properties of heat-treated crystalline rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 91-101页

作者： Mayukh talukdar Debanjan Guha Roy t.n.singh Indian Institute of technology Bombay PowaiMumbai400076India IItB-Monash Research Academy Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai400076India

For the effect of thermal treatment on the mode-I fracture toughness(Ft), three crystalline rocks(two basalts and one tonalite) were experimentally investigated. Semi-circular bend specimens of the rocks were prepared following the method suggested by the International Society for Rock Mechanics(ISRM)and were treated at various temperatures ranging from room temperature(25 ℃) to 600 ℃. Mode-I Ft was correlated with tensile strength(tS), ultrasonic velocities, and Young’s modulus(YM). Additionally,petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out to find the chemical changes resulting from the heat treatment. Further, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was conducted to observe the micro structural changes when subjected to high temperatures. these experiments demonstrate that heat treatment has a strong negative impact on the Ft and mechanical properties of the rocks. From room temperature to 600 ℃, mode-I Ft values of massive basalt, giant plagioclase basalt, and tonalite were reduced by nearly 52%, 68%, and 64%, respectively. Also, at all temperature levels, Ft and mechanical properties are found to be exponentially correlated. However, the exact nature of the relationship mainly depends on rock type. Besides, tS was found to be a better indicator of degradation degree than the mode-I Ft. SEM images show that micro crack density and structural disintegration of the mineral grains increase with temperature. these physical changes confirm the observed reduction in the stiffness of heat-treated crystalline rocks.

关键词： Fracture toughness(Ft) tensile strength(tS) Ultrasonic velocity Young's modulus(YM) Crystalline rocks

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numerical analysis of surface subsidence in asymmetric parallel highway tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 170-179页

作者： Ratan Das P.K.singh Ashutosh Kainthola Suman Panthee t.n.singh Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan University

tunnelling related hazards are very common in the Himalayan terrain and a number of such instances have been reported. Several twin tunnels are being planned for transportation purposes which will require good understanding for prediction of tunnel deformation and surface settlement during the engineering life of the structure. the deformational behaviour, design of sequential excavation and support of any jointed rock mass are challenging during underground construction. We have raised several commonly assumed issues while performing stability analysis of underground opening at shallow depth. For this purpose, Kainchi-mod nerchowck twin tunnels(Himachal Pradesh, India) are taken for in-depth analysis of the stability of two asymmetric tunnels to address the influence of topography, twin tunnel dimension and geometry. the host rock encountered during excavation is composed mainly of moderately to highly jointed grey sandstone, maroon sandstone and siltstones. In contrast to equidimensional tunnels where the maximum subsidence is observed vertically above the centreline of the tunnel, the result from the present study shows shifting of the maximum subsidence away from the tunnel centreline. the maximum subsidence of 0.99 mm is observed at 4.54 m left to the escape tunnel centreline whereas the maximum subsidence of 3.14 mm is observed at 8.89 m right to the main tunnel centreline. this shifting clearly indicates the influence of undulating topography and inequidimensional noncircular tunnel.

关键词： twin tunnels numerical analysis Stability Finite element method(FEM) Subsidence

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Investigation of rockfall-prone road cut slope near Lengpui Airport,Mizoram,India

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第1期11卷 146-158页

作者： A.K.Verma Sahil Sardana Pushpendra Sharma Lal Dinpuia t.n.singh Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu Universiy) Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Department of Civil Engineering Lassonde School of Engineering York University Department of Ceology Pachhunga University College Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Rockfall is one of severe natural hazards that are frequently reported in northeast region of India. It carries rock block falling from the cliff with high velocities and energies which can result in damages to vehicles, disruption to transportation, injuries and fatalities. the massive rockfall event which occurred in April 2017 on the highway nH-44 A, near Lengpui Airport, blocked the traffic for 1 d, and fortunately,no casualties were reported as the event occurred in the night. this is the only highway connecting the Aizawl city to the airport and the region is highly prone to rockfall events. Hence assessment of rockfall along this highway is necessary. In the current study, rockfall hazard assessment has been carried out on three locations by rockfall hazard rating system(RHRS). During pre-failure analysis, the result shows that most hazardous slopes have RHRS score of 639. the slopes were found to be vulnerable and later on the rockfall activity occurred. three-dimensional(3 D) stability analysis has been carried out using 3 DEC software package to analyze the failure behavior and to decide the rockfall-prone zone(unstable blocks)for slope. the total displacement of 2.24 cm and velocity of 2,25 mm/s of the failed block have been observed in the numerical analysis. Further, the rockfall vulnerable zone(unstable blocks) is considered to determine the parameters such as run-out distance, bounce height and energies of the falling rock blocks. the maximum total kinetic energy of 5047 kJ has been observed in the numerical analysis with the maximum run-out distance up to 18 m.

关键词： Rockfall hazards Rockfall simulation Rockfall hazard rating system(RHRS) Road cut slopes Slope stability

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Performance characteristics of tunnel boring machine in basalt and pyroclastic rocks of Deccan traps–A case study

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第1期6卷 36-47页

作者： Prasnna Jain A.K.naithan t.n.singh national Institute of Rock Mechanics(nIRM) Indian Institute of technology

A12.24km long tunnel between Maroshi and Ruparel College is being excavated by tunnel boring machine(tBM)to improve the water supply system of Greater Mumbai,*** this paper,attempt has been made to establish the relationship between various litho-units of Deccan traps,stability of tunnel and tBM performances during the construction of5.83km long tunnel between Maroshi and *** Maroshi–Vakola tunnel passes under the Mumbai Airport and crosses both runways with an overburden cover of *** tunneling work was carried out without disturbance to the *** rock types encountered during excavation arefine compacted basalt,porphyritic basalt,amygdaloidal basalt pyroclastic rocks with layers of red boles and intertrappean beds consisting of various types of shales Relations between rock mass properties,physico-mechanical properties,tBM specifications and the cor responding tBM performance were established.A number of support systems installed in the tunne during excavation were also *** aim of this paper is to establish,with appropriate accuracy the nature of subsurface rock mass condition and to study how it will react to or behave during under ground excavation by *** experiences gained from this project will increase the ability to cope with unexpected ground conditions during tunneling using tBM.

关键词： tunneling Open-type tunnel boring machine(tBM) Rock mass classification Ground supporting Deccan trap

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Prediction of blast-induced flyrock in Indian limestone mines using neural networks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第5期6卷 447-454页

作者： R.trivedi t.n.singh A.K.Raina Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)DhanbadIndia Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Regional CentreNagpurIndia

Frequency and scale of the blasting events are increasing to boost limestone production. Mines areapproaching close to inhabited areas due to growing population and limited availability of land resourceswhich has challenged the management to go for safe blasts with special reference to opencast *** study aims to predict the distance covered by the flyrock induced by blasting using artificial neuralnetwork （Ann） and multi-variate regression analysis （MVRA） for better assessment. Blast design andgeotechnical parameters, such as linear charge concentration, burden, stemming length, specific charge,unconfined compressive strength （UCS）, and rock quality designation （RQD）, have been selected as inputparameters and flyrock distance used as output parameter. Ann has been trained using 95 datasets ofexperimental blasts conducted in 4 opencast limestone mines in India. thirty datasets have been used fortesting and validation of trained neural network. Flyrock distances have been predicted by Ann, MVRA,as well as further calculated using motion analysis of flyrock projectiles and compared with the observeddata. Back propagation neural network （BPnn） has been proven to be a superior predictive tool whencompared with MVRA. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Artificial neural network(Ann) Blasting Opencast mining Burden Stemming Specific charge Flyrock

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Control of rock joint parameters on deformation of tunnel opening

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第4期8卷 489-498页

作者： Suman Panthee P.K.singh Ashutosh Kainthola t.n.singh Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan University Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

In this paper, stress behavior of shallow tunnels under simultaneous non-uniform surface traction and symmetric gravity loading was studied using a direct boundary element method（BEM）. the existing fullplane elastostatic fundamental solutions to displacement and stress fields were used and implemented in a developed algorithm. the cross-section of the tunnel was considered in circular, square, and horseshoe shapes and the lateral coefficient of the domain was assumed as unit quantity. Double-node procedure of the BEM was applied at the corners to improve the model including sudden traction changes. the results showed that the method used was a powerful tool for modeling underground openings under various external as well as internal loads. Eccentric loads significantly influenced the stress pattern of the surrounding tunnel. the achievements can be practically used in completing and modifying regulations for stability investigation of shallow tunnels.

关键词： Stress behavior Boundary element method(BEM) Shallow tunnels Eccentricity

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竹子的食用和药用前景

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世界竹藤通讯 2012年第4期10卷 48-48页

作者： Kananbala Samnthem t.n.singh 印度曼尼普尔大学生命科学系

巴苦竹、马甲竹、甜龙竹和梨藤竹的新鲜笋可食用。这些鲜笋含有各种营养成分，如碳水化合物、蛋白质、抗坏血酸、黄酮、单宁和总苯酚。并含有8种氨基酸。这些鲜笋含有很高的植物醇类，可为药业提供类醇剂原料，并进行低成本的商业利用。

关键词：竹笋营养价值药性

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three-Stage transfer Learning with Alexnet50 for MRI Image Multi-Class Classification with Optimal Learning Rate

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 155-183页

作者： Suganya Athisayamani A.Robert singh Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Woong Cho School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of AI and Software Engineering Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Information and Communication EngineeringKangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea

In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological *** is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue ***,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of *** address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MRI *** manuscript presents the use of the Deep Alexnet50 model for MRI classification with discriminative learning *** are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the *** the second stage,some layers of Alexnet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,Alexnet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented *** method used three publicly available MRI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the School of Biomedical Engineering of Southern Medical University(SMU-dataset),and the national Institute of neuroscience and Hospitals brain MRI dataset(nInS-dataset)for *** hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(SGD),Root mean square propagation(RMS prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning ***-dataset registers maximum classification *** evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.

关键词： MRI tumors classification Alexnet50 transfer learning hyperparameter tuning optimizer

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