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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.Schorner V.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.Drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley G.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

Collapse of the endemic lizard Podarcis pityusensis on the island of Ibiza mediated by an invasive snake

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 295-303页

作者： Elba MONtES Fred kraus Brahim CHERGUI Juan M.PLEGUEZUELOS Department of Zoology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Valenciac/Dr.Moliner50BurjassotE-46100 ValenciaSpain Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Laboratoire Ecologie SystématiqueConservation de la BiodiversitéFacultédes Sciences de TétouanUniversitéAbdelmalek EssaâdiBP 2121 El M’HannechTétouanMorocco Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesGranada UniversityGranada E-18071Spain

the invasive snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis colonized the island of Ibiza(Balearic Islands)in 2003 as stowaways inside trunks of olive trees imported for *** has quickly spread since 2010,posing a threat to the island’s only remaining endemic vertebrate,the Ibiza wall lizard Podarcis *** map the yearly expansion rate of the snake and estimate via transect surveys how severely it affects the distribution and abundance of the endemic *** well,we surveyed 9 of 30 small lizard populations on islets surrounding Ibiza that have been isolated since the Last Glacial *** had invaded 49%of Ibiza’s land area by 2018,and censuses show a critical contrast in lizard abundance between areas with and without snakes;almost all censuses in areas without snakes show lizard presence whereas nearly all censuses in areas with *** lack lizard ***,at least one subspecies previously thriving on one of the offshore islets has become extinct,and there have been several snakes recorded swimming between Ibiza and the surrounding ***,lizard populations have been dramatically reduced or have vanished within the range of the snake,and our results quantitatively support upgrading this species’threat level for *** study can inform to programs to manage invasive snake populations and to conservation actions to recover the endemic lizard.

关键词： Balearic Islands conservation extinction Hemorrhois hippocrepis lizard census

Multifrequency Polarization Variations in the Quasar 0917+624

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第4期2卷 325-346页

作者： Shan－JieQian A.kraus 等 NationalAstronomicalObservatories ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100012 Max－Planck－InstitutfuerRadioastronomie AufdemHuegel6953121BonnGermany

We present a detailed analysis of multi-frequency observations of linear polarization in the intraday variable quasar 0917+624 (z = 1.44). the observations were made in May 1989 at five frequencies (1.4, 2.7, 5.0, 8.3 and 15GHz) with the VLA and the Effelsberg 100 m-telescope and in December 1988 at two frequencies (2.7 and 5.0 GHz) with the latter. It is shown that the relationship between the variations of the polarized and total flux density is highly wavelength dependent, and the multi-frequency polarization behavior may be essential for investigating the mechanisms causing these variations. It is shown that the variations observed at 20 cm can be interpreted in terms of refractive interstellar scintillation. However, after subtracting the variation due to scintillation, three 'features' emerged in the light-curve of the polarized flux density, indicating an additional variable component. Interestingly, these features are shown to be correlated with the variations at 2-6 cm, thus indicating that these features and the associated variations are due to some intrinsic causes. Moreover, a very rapid polarization angle swing of - 180° observed in December 1988 which cannot be explained by refractive interstellar scintillation, may also be produced by an intrinsic mechanism. Accordingly, we use a shock model to explain the polarization variations observed at the higher frequencies, although scintillation could also exist. the shock model can explain not only the variation of intensity, but also the time variation of its degree and angle of polarization, including the rapid swing of the polarization angle. It is shown that the degree and angle of polarization of the shock need only vary slightly in order to account for the observed complicated behaviour of polarization.

关键词： radio continuum: galaxies - polarization - quasars: individual (QSO0917+624)

Avian introgression in the genomic era

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 181-191页

作者： Jente Ottenburghs Robert H.S.kraus Pim van Hooft Sipke E.van Wieren Ronald C.Ydenberg Herbert H.t.Prins Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Biology University of Konstanz78457 ConstanceGermany Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyAm Obstberg 178315 RadolfzellGermany Centre of Wildlife Ecology Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada

Introgression,the incorporation of genetic material from one(sub)species into the gene pool of another by means of hybridization and backcrossing,is a common phenomenon in birds and can provide important insights into the speciation *** the last decade,the toolkit for studying introgression has expanded together with the development of molecular *** this review,we explore how genomic data,the most recent step in this methodological progress,impacts different aspects in the study of avian ***,the detection of hybrids and backcrosses has improved *** most widely used software package is *** discordance(*** loci resulting in discordant gene trees) is another means for the detection of introgression,although it should be regarded as a starting point for further analyses,not as a definitive proof of ***,disentangling introgression from other biological processes,such as incomplete lineage sorting,remains a challenging endeavour,although new techniques,such as the D-statistic,are being *** addition,phylogenetics might require a shift from trees to ***,the study of hybrid zones by means of geographical or genomic cline analysis has led to important insights into the complex interplay between hybridization and ***,because each hybrid zone study is just a single snapshot of a complex and continuously changing interaction,hybrid zones should be studied across different temporal and/or spatial scales.A third powerful tool is the genome *** debate on which evolutionary processes underlie the genomic landscape is still ongoing,as is the question whether loci involved in reproductive isolation cluster together in ‘islands of speciation' or whether they are scattered throughout the *** genomic landscapes across the avian tree of life will be an exciting field for further ***,the findings from these different methods shoul

关键词： Admixture Cline theory D-statictic Genomic landscape Hybridization Phylogenetic discordance

Refractive Focusing by Interstellar Clouds and the Rapid Polarization Angle Swing in QSO 1150+812

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2006年第1期6卷 1-14页

作者： Shan-Jie Qian t. P. Krichbaum Xi-Zhen Zhang L. Fuhrmann G. Cimò A. kraus t. Beckert S. Britzen A. Witzel J.A. Zensus National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 53121 Bonn Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie KSnigstuhl 17 69117 Heidelberg Germany

A very rapid polarization position angle swing of -180° （with a time scale of ,-6 hours） observed at 2 cm in QSO 1150＋812 （z = 1.25） was reported by Kochenov ＆ Gabuzda. this very rare event is difficult to explain. We found a possible interpretation in the framework of a source model consisting of three polarized components, in which two compact polarized components are nearly simultaneously occulted by an interstellar cloud, with consequent focusing-defocusing effects. A specific plasma-lens model is proposed which can reasonably fit the polarized flux density curve with results derived for the two lensed components. Some physical parameters of the plasma-lens and the source components are estimated. the two compact polarized components are estimated to have brightness temperatures of -6 ×10^12 K. thus a bulk relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor less than 10 is required to meet the inverse-Compton limit.

关键词： radio continuum: galaxies - galaxies: compact - polarization - scattering- quasars: individual: 1150+812

Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 437-446页

作者： Stephane kraus tamara Gomez-Moracho Cristian Pasquaretta Gerard Latil Audrey Dussutour Mathieu Lihoreau Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA) Center for Intergrative Biology (CBI)CNRS University Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

Animals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nu trie nt regulation is complicated by the fact that few in dividuals, the foragers, must address the diverge nt nutritional n eeds of all colony members simulta neously, includi ng other workers, the reproductives, and the brood. Here we used 3D nutritional geometry design to examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection of 3 major macronutrients in the presence and absenee of brood. We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) and pollens (solid diets) varying in their compositions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colo nies give n a choice betwee n nutrition ally complementary diets self-selected foods to reach a target ratio of 71% proteins, 6% carbohydrates, and 23% lipids, irrespective of the presenee of brood. Whe n con fined to a single nutrition ally imbalanced solid diet, colonies without brood regulated lipid collection and over-collected protein relative to this target ratio, whereas colonies with brood regulated both lipid and protein collection. this brood effect on the regulation of nutrient collection by workers suggests that protein levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight the importa nee of con sidering bee nu trition as a multidimensi onal phe no men on to better assess the effects of environmental impoverishment and malnutrition on population declines.

关键词： artificial diets Bombus terrestris bumble bees nutritional geometry rule of compromise

tHERMALKARSt SYStEMS AND CAVES OF HUNGARY

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中国岩溶 1992年第S1期11卷 40-44页

作者： Sandor kraus Annamaria NADOR Katalin tAKACS-BOLNER

INtRODUCtION the number of caves of thermal water origin is significant even by global standards in Hungary. the rich forms and mineral precipitations of these caves can’t be attributed to the impact of descending co... 详细信息

关键词： descending streaming karst attributed waters passages carbonate dissolved settled inactive

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Mrk421中teV和X射线爆发的相关性

天体物理学报 1998年第1期18卷 17-22页

作者：张喜镇 A.Witzel t.Krichbaum S.Britzen A.kraus 中国科学院北京天文台德国马普射电天文所

用同步自康普顿机制（ＳＳＣ）来解释１９９４年５月在ＢＬＬａｃ天体Ｍｒｋ４２１中观测到的ＴｅＶＸ射线爆发．认为此ＴｅｖＸ射线爆发是由一个高能成分产生的，它具有平坦的电子能量分布，其低能段上能谱指数αｅ≈０２５．... 详细信息

用同步自康普顿机制（ＳＳＣ）来解释１９９４年５月在ＢＬＬａｃ天体Ｍｒｋ４２１中观测到的ＴｅＶＸ射线爆发．认为此ＴｅｖＸ射线爆发是由一个高能成分产生的，它具有平坦的电子能量分布，其低能段上能谱指数αｅ≈０２５．这个爆发成分独立于另一个低能成分（或宁静成分）．此宁静成分具有较陡的电子能量分布，它产生宁静态的辐射能谱．大多数射电爆发表明电子能量分布有坦谱，能谱指数αｅ～０２－０４．与这个事实一起，上述结果意味着活动星系核中粒子加速的基本机制产生平坦的电子能量分布．

关键词： X射线爆发 teVγ-射线 Blazar SSC模型

人乳头瘤病毒E6/E7mRNA在30岁以下妇女中的表达

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 48-49页

作者： Molden t.kraus I Karlsen F 李奎 Institute of Pathology National University Hospital 0027 Oslo Norway

the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is high in women younger than 30 years of age, most infections being transient. It is not clear, however, to what extent the E6/E7 transcripts are being expressed. this may be of prognostic importance. In this study, we have determined the prevalence of HPV DNA and mRNA in 283 women younger than 30 years of age. Methods. E6/E7 transcripts from HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 were detected using Pretect HPV-Proofer, while the presence of HPV DNA was detected using Gp5+ /6+ consensus PCR and type-specific PCR. Results. A total of 92 women (32.5% ) were positive by consensus PCR, 59 (20.8% ) were positive by type-specific PCR, while 41 (14.5% ) were positive by Pretect HPV-Proofer. E6/E7 mRNA expression was detected in 38 (64.4% ) of the 59 HPV type-specific DNA positive women. For HPV 16, E6/E7 mRNA expression was observed in 8 (32% ) of the 25 DNA positive women. No high-grade lesions were observed in the concomitant cytology. Conclusions. Among young women having a normal Pap smear, a high HPV prevalence was found. Hence, use of consensus PCR will most probably give a low prognostic value for identifying subsequent severe dysplasia. the five HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 accounted for the majority of infections with two out of three having a detectable E6/E7 mRNA expression. Yet, repeated type-specific testing for HPV mRNA may identify young women with a persistent transforming infection being at increased risk for severe dysplasia.

关键词： E6/E7mRNA 人乳头瘤病毒型特异性异常增生持续性感染宫颈涂片预测价值转录表达