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Identification and Expression of Some Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes Present in three Ontogenetics Stages of thecaphora frezii, a Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>L.) Pathogenic Fungus

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 1-22页

作者： Néstor Walter Soria Ana Cristina Figueroa María Soledad Díaz Valeria Roxana Alasino Pablo Yang Dante Miguel Beltramo Cátedra de Biotecnología Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Unidad Asociada al CONICET: área de Cs. Agrarias Ingeniería Cs. Biológicas Universidad Católica de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba—CEPROCOR Santa María de Punilla Córdoba Argentina CONICEt Santa María de Punilla Córdoba Argentina

Peanuts can be affected by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. the fungus thecaphora frezii (t. frezii), which belongs to the taxonomic class Ustilaginomycetes, is the causal agent of the disease known as “peanut smut”. the life cycle of this fungus includes three stages, namely teliospores, basidiospores and hyphae. In the hyphae stage, infection occurs in the peanut plant, which requires the involvement of some enzymes secreted by the fungus. these include the Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes (PCWDEs), which degrade various polysaccharides. this study aimed to identify the presence of transcript for enzymes belonging to the PCWDEs from three stages of t. frezii. For this, total RNA was extracted from the three ontogenetic stages of t. frezii. these samples were analyzed using an RNA-Seq approach and some transcripts were quantified using Real time PCR. the analysis of the data provided by the RNA-Seq of the three t. frezii stages, it was possible to identify some transcripts that could encode enzymes compatible with polysaccharides degradation that are part of the plant cell wall. In t. frezii transcriptome, 40 deduced proteins would be enzymes with functions of PCWDEs were identified. they were divided into 27 glycoside hydrolases;two polysaccharide lyases;three carbohydrate esterases and eight enzymes with auxiliary activities. In addition, the fungal SNF1 gene was identified whose activity could be affected by high glucose level, and indirectly influence the levels of some PCWDEs. the analysis of the PCWDEs could help to understand part of the fungal infection process and possibly find substances that can control its development.

关键词： Carbohydrate-Degrading Enzymes Phytopathogenic Fungi Smut Fungi transcriptome thecaphora frezii

Geographic ranges of ascidians from Antarctica and the southeastern Pacific

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第1期26卷 8-23页

作者： Dirk Schories Karen Sanamyan Nadja Sanamyan María José Díaz Ignacio Garrido thomas Heran Jorge Holtheuer Gesche Kohlberg Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Institute of Geography Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biological Sciences University of Rostock

Historical and novel data on the geographic and bathymetric distribution of ascidians from Antarctic, Magellan and Chilean waters are compiled, and an inventory of taxa comprising 162 species reported over a 150 year period from the Antarctic region South Polar Province （SPP） compiled. the ascidian fauna from the South Shetland Islands （SSI） is compared with that of the Magellan region, Patagonia and the Chilean coast. We collected 46 ascidian species along the Chilean coast, and during four expeditions to King George Island （SSI） by SCUBA between 2003-2012. About 15% of King George Island （SSI） species are observed to occur also in shallow waters of southern Chile （SCL）. Few species known from warm temperate southeastern Pacific （Northern Chile, NCL） waters are absent from the Chilean part of the Magellan Province （SCL）. With most data contributed from the Chilean coast coming from the SCL, and with limited sampling having been undertaken at depths exceeding 100 m in the NCL, apparent differences in species richness along the Chilean coast could be attributabed to differential sampling effort. We detail 12 species from our Antarctic and Chilean collections in detail, including one, Diplosoma listerianum, not previously reported from Chilean waters, and the genus Botryllus, previously known from them on the basis of a single record.

关键词： Antarctica Ascidiacea Botryllus Chile Diplosoma tunicata zoogeography

Biological records of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment changes from Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province during the last glacial maximum

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第9期45卷 853-857页

作者： J.Head A.J.t.Jull State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Xi'an 710054ChinaNSF-AMS Facility Department of PhysicsUniversity of ArizonaAZ 85721USA

We have collected a suite of Paleoloxodon naumanni-Coelodonta antiquitatis fossils from a river terrace profile between Xi’an and Xianyang cities in Guanzhong Area, Shaanxi Province. A detailed examination of the fossils, together with 14C determinations and pollen analyses, have enabled us to reconstruct preliminary features of climate and environment changes and their evolutionary processes, within the last glacial maximum (LGM): about 20 ka ago, the climate was basically cool and wet, and was favourable for the existence of Paleoloxodon naumanni-Coelodonta antiquitatis fauna. this was followed by a cold, dry phase which was no longer suitable for this type of faunal suite, causing the death of a large number of mammalian assemblages. the available evidence indicates the existence of cold-dry and cool-wet climate and environment fluctuations during the LGM. the cool-wet stage within the LGM reflects a Heinrich event occurring in the high latitude areas, proving the existence of a teleconnection

关键词： Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province Paleoloxodon naumanni-Coelodonta antiguitatis fauna last glacial maximum paleomonsoon precipitation.

Biodegradation of alkylates under less agitated aquifer conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1529-1538页

作者： Jay J. Cho Makram t. Suidan Albert D. Venosa URS Corporation 7720N 16th St. Ste 100 Phoenix AZ 85020 USA Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Dean's officeP.O.Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh 1107 2020 Beirut Lebanon US Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research LaboratoryCincinnati OH 45268 USA

the biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded completely under these conditions regardless of the presence or absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes （BtEX） in the feed. In the presence of ethanol, alkylates degradation was not inhibited by ethanol. However, alkylates degraded more slowly in the presence of BtEX suggesting competitive inhibition to microbial utilization of alkylates. In the sterile controls, alkylates concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experiments.

关键词： biodegradation alkylates inhibition BtEX ethanol

Dramatic Improvement in Physical Well-Being of terminal AIDS Patients Following Administration of Phytochemicals

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第3期3卷 287-291页

作者： Maria de las Mercedes Lavandera Díaz Felix Antonio Cruz Jiminian Ruben Wernik Walter Franklin Goldman Gadi Borkow Immune Nutrition Incorporation Rehovot Israel.

Phytochemicals (PHt) are biologically active chemicals produced by plants, non-essential nutrients, with medicinal properties. In this short communication we report the dramatic improvement in the physical and clinical well-being of 9 terminal AIDS patients that received Phyto V7, a PHt mix, for a period of 3 months. All patients living in the Dr. Cruz Jiminian Foundation (hospice) in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, were in an emaciated condition—most could not eat, sit down, shower, stand up or dress alone;all had high viremia (from ~50,000 to above 500,000;243,816 ± 176,724 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) and very low CD4+ t-cells counts (142 ± 51 counts/mm3). the clinical status of all patients was C3 according to the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) status index. As antiretroviral treatment was not available to the Foundation at the time of the study, the only treatment that they received was Phyto V7 supplementation. Each individual received 5 tablets 3 times a day, each tablet containing 750 mg of Phyto V7. At the end of the 3 months, Phyto V7 supplementation radically improved the well-being of all 9 patients. All patients could eat, sit down, shower, stand up and dress alone. this study supports the notion that PHt supplementation can improve significantly the well-being of terminally ill AIDS patients and is the foundation to conducting further control studies to substantiate this notion.

关键词： Phytochemicals HIV-1 AIDS

Microstructure and mechanical properties of az61 Mg alloy prepared by multi directional forging

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第7期20卷 1294-1298页

作者： H. MIURA G. YU X. YANG t. SAKAI Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

az61Mg alloy was multi directionally forged(MDFed) during decreasing temperature condition from 643 K to 483 K at a true strain rate of 3×10-3 s-1 up to cumulative strain of∑△ε=4.0 at maximum.A pass strain of△ε=0.8 was *** average grain size decreased gradually with increasing cumulative strain,the evolution of fine-grained structure strongly depended on the MDF *** the condition where the temperature was higher than the most adequate one,grain coarsening partially took place during *** contrast,at lower temperature,inhomogeneous microstructure composed of the initial coarse and newly appeared fine grains was *** straining over∑△ε=3.2(i.e.,over 4 passes of MDF) ,equiaxed ultrafine grains(UFGs) having average size of about and lower than 1μm were uniformly *** the MDFed alloy to∑△ε=4.0 possessed relatively high hardness of HV 99,and it accepted further about 20%cold rolling almost without *** of the superior formability of the UFGed az61Mg alloy,the hardness was further easily raised to HV 120 by following cold rolling.

关键词： az61 magnesium alloy ultrafine grain plastic deformation multi directional forging

Microstructure formation and grain refinement of Mg-based alloys by electromagnetic vibration technique

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第7期20卷 1192-1198页

作者： M.J.LI t.tAMURA N.OMURA K.MIWA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and technology Materials Research Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentNagoya 463-8560Japan

the microstructure formation and grains refinement of two Mg-based alloys,***31 and az91D,were reported using an electromagnetic vibration(EMV) *** two alloys were solidified at various vibration frequencies and the microstructures were *** average size of grains was quantitatively measured as a function of vibration frequencies. Moreover,the grain size distribution was outlined versus number fraction.A novel model was proposed to account for the microstructure formation and grain refinement when considering the significant difference of the electrical resistivity properties of the solid and the liquid during EMV processing in the semisolid *** remarkable difference originates uncoupled movement between the mobile solid and the sluggish liquid,which can activate melt *** microstructure evolution can be well explained when the fluid flow intensity versus vibration frequency is taken into ***,the influence of the static magnetic field on texture formation is also considered,which plays an important role at higher vibration frequencies.

关键词： magnesium alloy electromagnetic vibration microstructure formation grain refinement solidification

EFFECt OF PREDEFORMAtION MANNER ON SEMI-SOLID StRUCtURE OF az61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN SIMA PROCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第3期21卷 197-204页

作者： G.P. Chen t.R. Zhou H. Yan School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang 330000 China School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan Industrial University Zhuzhou 412008 China

the effect of predeformation manner, predeformation ratio and isothermal heat-treat parameter on the non-dendrite structure of az61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process was studied. Under coequal heat-treat condition, the impact of the hot upsetting pre- deformation on semi-solid microstructure in SIMA process was compared with that of the cold compressive predeformation. the results indicate that non-dendrite microstructure in az61 magnesium alloy billets can be obtained by hot or cold upsetting predeformation in SIMA process, although their mechanisms of evolution are different. Increasing hot or cold upsetting predeformation ratio can enhance the effect and quality of the non-dendrite microstructure formed before storage energy up to saturation, but the proper isothermal temperature and holding time should be selected.

关键词： az61 magnesium alloy Strain-induced melt activated (SIMA) Hot and cold upsetting Predeformation Non-dendrite structure

Neural Network Approach to Modelling the Behaviour of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in Dry Environments

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2012年第2期3卷 137-145页

作者： Andrés Díaz Lantada Pilar Lafont Morgado José Luis Munoz Sanz Juan Manuel Munoz Guijosa Javier Echávarri Otero Mechanical Engineering Department—E.t.S.I.I.Industriales Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are especially interesting electroactive polymers because they show large a deformation in the presence of a very low driving voltage (around 1 - 2 V) and several applications have recently been proposed. Normally a humid environment is required for the best operation, although some IPMCs can operate in a dry environment, after proper encapsulation or if a solid electrolyte is used in the manufacturing process. However, such solutions usually lead to increasing mechanical stiffness and to a reduction of actuation capabilities. In this study we focus on the behaviour of non-encapsulated IPMCs as actuators in dry environments, in order to obtain relevant information for design tasks linked to the development of active devices based on this kind of smart material. the non-linear response obtained in the characterisation tests is especially well-suited to modelling these actuators with the help of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Once trained with the help of characterisation data, such neural networks prove to be a precise simulation tool for describing IPMC response in dry environments.

关键词： Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) Smart Materials Modelling and Simulation