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Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against egg and larval stages of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： BUSNOOR Abhishek v. WADASKAR R.M. FAND Babasaheb B. tAMBE v.j. PILLAI t. MAHULE D.j. NAGRARE v.S. PRASAD Y.G. Entomology Section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

Background the cryptic nature of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)larvae enables its reduced vul-nerability to insecticidal control.Further,the development of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxins posed a serious threat to transgenic cotton cultivation.this necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control effectiveness.this study assessed the influence of egg age(freshly laid vs.three-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly exposed to the insecticide residues on the boll rind vs.burrowed inside the bolls)on insecticide control efficacy.Results the results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,Pthe larvae directly exposed to the insec-ticide residues on the boll rind were more susceptible(>80%mortality)than the larvae exposed after they had bur-rowed inside the bolls(tality).the inhibitory effects of tested insecticides on developmental biology were more pronounced in the experiment on pre-larval release insecticide treatment compared with insecticide treatment given post-larval release and entry inside the bolls.Conclusion Egg age influences the insecticide susceptibility,as does the larval location,directly exposed vs bur-rowed inside the bolls.Older eggs and the larvae that had burrowed inside the green bolls of cotton were relatively less susceptible to the insecticide treatments.the toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily ephemeral.these findings are significant for devising a comprehensive strategy for pink bollworm management on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Bioefficacy Cotton Insecticides Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella timings of spray

Reply to the note by Li Piani et al.

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： t.Li Piani j.Weerheijm L.j.Sluys tU Delft Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands tNO PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands NLDA Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of adobe.the opportunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship between the penetration depth P and the impacting velocity v_(O).

关键词： Penetration Adobe Modeling

Life under tension: the relevance of force on biological polymers

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： Matthew t.j.Halma Longfu Xu Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laser Lab Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam LUMICKS B.v.

Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological relevance of these experiments and the generalizability of these experiments to wider biological systems. Here, we categorize the applicability of the information garnered from optical tweezers in two distinct categories: the direct relevance of tension in biological systems, and what experiments under tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not reach the same tension as the experiment, still, these artificial experimental systems reveal insights into the operations of biological machines and life processes.

关键词： tension Optical tweezers Molecular force

interferometry;laser±plasma interaction;off-harmonic probe laser;streaked shadowgraphy

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： j.Hornung Y.Zobus H.Lorenté C.Brabetz B.Zielbauer v.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

this paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. the system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. this makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. these properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi Shalin C.Desai Petar Bajic Michelle van Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer v.Farooq Larissa Bresler thomas M.t.turk Alan j.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola University Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:to identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).the association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains unknown.Recent evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis risk.Methods:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without MetS.Both sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-MetS comorbidities.No controls had uric acid stone composition.By EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS patients compared to controls.to validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.In 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced genera.Bacteria were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone compositions.Conclusion:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control stones.Our findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with MetS regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia v.Sommaro juan j.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal joséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

the sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal patterns.the sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed agroecosystems.Genotyping data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for females.the results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all seasons.Which,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population abundance.Meanwhile,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active females.Males disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance mechanism.this study shows that C.musculinus is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the agroecosystem.the indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating rate.Our study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

Recovery rates of persistent post-COvID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： jeremy P.tervo Patricia t.jacobson Brandon j.vilarello tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule v.joseph D.P.Devanand terry E.Goldberg jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-Cov-2 infection is a major feature of long COvID.Perspectives on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory function.Few studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute recovery.Data anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of smell.this study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COvID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical OD.Methods:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time points.Participants had confirmed a history of COvID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not available.Results:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up assessment.Among participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year follow-up.Participants had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time points.the total threshold,discrimination,and identification(tDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COvID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at 1-year.Improvements in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement of total tDI score at follow-up.

关键词： long COvID olfaction post-COvID condition smell dysfunction

A detailed comparison of the composition of(RE)-Ba-Cu-O-Ag bulk superconductors

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 87-94页

作者： j.v.j.Congreve Y.Shi A.R.Dennis H.Druiff N.C.tutt D.A.Cardwell j.H.Durrell Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

the homogeneity of the microstructure and composition are critical in determining the properties of rare earthbarium‐cuprate,single grain bulk superconductors[(RE)BCO].the magnitude of the trapped magnetic field achieveable in these technologically important materials,in particular,is influenced heavily by the size and distribution of(RE)_(2)BaCuO_(x)(RE‐211)flux pinning inclusions in the bulk microstructure,whereas the size and distribution of silver agglomerates present within the bulk superconducting matrix correlate directly with improved mechanical properties.With careful engineering,these materials have significant potential for application in range of devices related to energy storage,medicine,electro‐magnetic machinery and microelectronic technology.Fabrication of(RE)BCO bulk superconductors typically involves heating a powder compact above its peritectic decomposition temperature followed by slow cooling to facilitate the growth of a single grain.Each(RE)BCO composition has a different peritectic temperature and growth rate,which,therefore,necessitates different requirements in the heating profile.the fabrication temperature and growth rate,for example,may have an effect on the RE‐211 and silver distribution,which may,in turn,affect the superconducting properties of the resulting single grain.In this work we compare the distributions of silver and RE‐211 in the single grain microstructures of YBCOAg,GdBCO‐Ag,EuBCO‐Ag and SmBCO‐Ag bulk superconductors using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.We observe that the distributions are very similar along both the a/b‐axis and c‐axis of these materials.this suggests that factors other than the maximum temperature used to achieve peritectic decomposition and the rate of single grain growth are particularly influential in determining the properties of the as‐processed samples in the top seeded melt growth process.this observation demonstrates there is freedom to use(RE)materials interchangeably between different

关键词： YBCO‐Ag GdBCO‐Ag SmBCO‐Ag EuBCO‐Ag Composition Bulk superconductor

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： j.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan t.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors t.Yeoman X.tan M.G.G.t.taylor K.McWilliams j.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-j.Hu M.K.james L.juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester j.Manuel j.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi j.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer t.Sun M.-t.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang j.Weygand j.Wild j.Yan j.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada EStEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada the johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

the joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions