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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian timothy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter v.Chrystal velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd Complete Feed Solutions

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and canola meal [CM]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM (413 g/kg) or CM (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. the apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBM group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; P=0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (tAA). An age effect (quadratic; Pved on the average SIDC of dispensable AA (DAA) in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. the SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, thr, trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (Ptic manner by age. In the CM, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and tAA were influenced (quadratic; Pthe SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and tAA were higher from d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. the average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. the SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; Pt magnitudes by age. the age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. the results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía M.López Baptista K.Watanabe t.taniguchi E.Diez j.E.velázquez-Pérez Y.M.Meziani j.M.Caridad j.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada(LUMES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFEts)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(tHz)photodetection due to their fast response and high-sensitivity.Such features are essential to enable emerging tHz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and security.However,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic resistances.In this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFEt detectors.Such dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,respectively.Our results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical calculations.these findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene tHz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

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Al-Ca-Fe合金中Al_(10)CaFe_(2)化合物的形成与表征

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第2期34卷 361-377页

作者： N.A.BELOv t.K.AKOPYAN E.A.NAUMOvA v.v.DOROSHENKO t.A.SvIRIDOvA N.O.KOROtKOvA National University of Science and technology MISIS 4 Leninsky pr.Moscow 119049Russia Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science 49 Leninsky pr.Moscow 119991Russia

采用热力学计算和实验技术研究铝角的Al-Ca-Fe体系相图,包括液相面投影图和凝固反应。结果表明,与铝固溶体(Al)平衡的不是Al_(3)Fe相,而是一种组成符合化学式Al_(10)CaFe_(2)的三元化合物。通过包晶转变L+Al_(3)Fe→(Al)+Al_(10)CaFe_(2... 详细信息

采用热力学计算和实验技术研究铝角的Al-Ca-Fe体系相图,包括液相面投影图和凝固反应。结果表明,与铝固溶体(Al)平衡的不是Al_(3)Fe相,而是一种组成符合化学式Al_(10)CaFe_(2)的三元化合物。通过包晶转变L+Al_(3)Fe→(Al)+Al_(10)CaFe_(2)(638℃,3.3%Ca和0.5%Fe,摩尔分数)发生从二元化合物到三元化合物的转变。与针状Al_(3)Fe相夹杂物不同,三元化合物的初晶和共晶具有致密的形貌。使用第一性原理计算和X射线衍射分析确定三元化合物Al_(10)CaFe_(2)的晶格结构。此外,近共晶合金Al-6%Ca-1%Fe(质量分数)在500~600℃退火后具有细晶组织,过量相的总体积分数约为25%。因此,Al-Ca-Fe体系可用于制造新的铝基复合合金。

关键词： Al-Ca合金金属间化合物相图相变显微组织铝基复合材料

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Porphyrins,phthalocyanines,and related covalent-organic frameworks in the photochemical and electrochemical water splitting:A review

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 236-265页

作者： Oxana v.Kharissova Yolanda Peña Méndez Boris I.Kharisov Aleksandr LNikolaev Edith Luévano-Hipólito Lucy t.González Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Ave.Universidad s/nSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León66455Mexico Department of Chemistry Moscow State UniversityVorobievy HillsMoscowRussia CONACYt-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ingeniería Civil-Departamento de Ecomateriales y EnergíaCd.UniversitariaC.P.66455San Nicolás de los GarzaNLMexico tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de IngenieríaCienciasMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico tecnologico de Monterrey Centro del AguaMonterreyNuevo León 64890Mexico

In this review,the possibilities of photochemical and electrochemical water splitting(WS)using porphyrins,phthalocyanines,related macrocycles,and their metal complexes are discussed.Significant efforts are being carried out in order to develop novel and cheap methods for water decomposition to generate inexhaustible greener energy sources(molecular hydrogen)instead of oil and gas.the processes of WS in heterogeneous and homogeneous media require novel photo-and electrocatalysts,in particular those on macrocycle basis.A high WS efficiency has been observed for porphyrins and phthalocyanines,showing their suitability both for HER and OER processes are available using these relative compounds for WS purposes.Porphyrins can be used in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic WS processes both in their free forms or as metal porphyrins/porphyrinates,mainly loaded on various inorganic materials,such as Au NPs,C_(3)N_(4),GaP,KtaO_(3),GaP,and so on,as part of porphyrin-containing polymers or on electrode surface as modifying coatings,being sometimes better than commercial catalysts,such as Pt/C.Photocatalytic H2 evolution can be considerably depended on the shape of porphyrin particles;in particular,porphyrin nanowires can yield up to 20 times more H2 than its powder.In certain cases,both HER and OER can be driven in the same electrolyte using metal porphyrins.the capacity of metal porphyrins to generate ROS(in particular,singlet oxygen 1O_(2))under ultrasonic treatment is known and can be successfully used for H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2) generation.Phthalocyanines can be used in similar processes in free form or as composites with inorganic or organic counterparts,being immobilized on nanocarbons,metal oxides and salts,or simply dissolved in water acting in a homogeneous medium.An additional use of ultrasound can lead to better results due to the synergistic effect of the sonochemical treatment and light.Covalent-organic frameworks are also applied for WS purposes and are mainly based on a variety of N-containing ligands,such as tr

关键词： Porphyrins Phthalocyanines COFs Water splitting Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis

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Highly Defective Dark tiO_(2) Modified with Pt: Effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Properties

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transactions of tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： E.D.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Reutova t.A.Bugrova I.Yu.Ovsyuk L.S.Kibis O.A.Stonkus D.B.vasilchenko O.v.vodyankina v.A.Svetlychnyi National Research tomsk State University TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk State University NovosibirskRussia 630090 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry NovosibirskRussia 630090

the study focused on the modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both the method of Pt introduction and the nature of the Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and the hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. the sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the photoreduction method facilitated the appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) eff ect of the transfer of electron density from the electron-saturated defects on the tiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . In the hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of the Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to the SMSI eff ect, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. the 0.5Pt(C)/tiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited the highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

关键词： Dark(black)tiO_(2) Pulsed laser ablation Platinum reduction method Precursor type Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients-evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings:the CHOICE study

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World journal of virology 2024年第1期13卷 61-68页

作者： Nayana Sudevan Manish Manrai t v S v G K tilak Harshit Khurana Harikrishnan Premdeep Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India Department of Gastroenterology Command Hospital Cantonment RdSadar BazaarCantonmentLucknowUttar PradeshIndia 226002 Department of Internal Medicine Command HospitalBangalore 560007India Department of Geriatric Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India

BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBv)infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies,including cancer chemotherapy.HBv reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality,which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis.AIM to determine the prevalence of chronic HBv(CHB)and occult HBv infection(OBI)among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemo-therapy.MEtHODS In this observational study,the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving chemotherapy.Serological markers of HBv infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc)]were evaluated for all patients.HBv DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total anti-HBc.RESULtS the prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3%[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.0-4.2].Additionally,the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8%(95%CI:0.2-2.3).CONCLUSION the findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.Identifying individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBv infection,which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Chronic hepatitis B Occult B infection Oncology Hepatitis B reactivation Hematologyoncology

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Hydroxyapatite composites with carbon allotropes:Preparation,properties,and applications

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 239-265页

作者： Boris I.Kharisov Oxana v.Kharissova Lucy t.González Yolanda Peña Méndez Igor E.Uflyand Idalia Gómez de la Fuente Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Ave.UniversidadCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León 66455Mexico tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo Leon 64890Mexico Department of Chemistry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-DonRussia

Hydroxyapatite(HA)and its composites with inorganic additives,dopants,and polymers is a rapidly developing branch in the materials chemistry.In particular,carbon allotropes are widely used in these composites being widely applied for medical purposes.Observing a gap of insufficient generalization of recent achievements in the field of the HA/Carbon composites,in this review we present the state of the art of the field of HA composites and hybrids with classic carbon allotropes and nanocarbons.these composites are known for carbon nanotubes,nanofibers,graphene and its oxidized forms,as well as,in a lesser grade,for graphite,fullerenes,nanodiamonds,carbon nanofoams,etc.these composites can be fabricated by a variety of classic and less-common methods,such as co-precipitation(with or without ultrasonic treatment),CvD,hot isostatic pressing,hydrothermal,spark plasma sintering,biomimetic mineralization,thermal and plasma spray,electrochemical and electrophoretic deposition,self-assembling,3D printing,electrospinning,and lyophilisation,among others.Combination of various synthesis techniques can be also carried out for composite preparation.Natural or synthetic HA can be used as it is for further interaction with carbon allotropes or it can be first prepared and then reacted with carbon counterpart;similarly,carbon allotropes can be introduced into the interaction with HA directly or they can be first synthesized,in particular from biomass.Resulting biocompatible composites can be produced in the form of coatings,powders,and scaffolds and can additionally contain quantitative amounts of third phases,frequently natural or synthetic polymers.In these composites,especially with O-containing functionalizing groups,HA disadvantages could be considerably decreased with simultaneous enhancement of mechanical properties,becoming similar to human bone,chemical stability and biocompatibility,as well as possessing antibacterial effect.GO→G reduction and higher HA decoration were observed in several experiments.the morphology of p

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Carbon nanotubes Graphene Quantum dots Fullerenes Nanodiamonds

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Effects of Sterilization treatments on the Compositions and Functions of Microflora on Duck Eggshell Inner and Outer Surfaces

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Modern Food Science and technology 2024年第5期40卷 53-63页

作者： Sun j. Peng X. Yang X. Yang H. Lu L. Hu t. Xiang j. Zeng t. Pi j. Du j. Institute of Animal Husbandry and veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310009 China Hubei tianhu Egg Poultry Co. Ltd. Jianli 433300 China Hubei Shendan Healthy Food Co. Ltd. Wuhan 430200 China

the effects of sterilization treatments on the microbial compositions on both the inner and outer surfaces of duck eggshells and the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks were investigated in this study. Duck eggs were fumigated and cleaned with different fumigants and cleaning agents, and then stored at different temperatures. Changes in the total number of bacteria on duck eggshell inner and outer surfaces before and after treatments were subsequently compared. the effects of sterilization on the microflora on duck eggshell outer surfaces were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt gene function prediction. Salted duck eggs were prepared using the mud-packing method at 35 ℃, and the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks was calculated. the results show that fumigation significantly inhibits the migration of bacterial colonies from the outer to inner surfaces of the eggshells, effectively controlling the total number of bacteria inside the shell. two fumigation treatments increase efficacy relative to one. total bacteria on the outer surface can be reduced to below the detection limit by cleaning. Low-temperature storage can limit bacterial proliferation on both inner and outer eggshell surfaces over 7 days. total bacteria numbers on both inner and outer surfaces can be significantly reduced by combining fumigation, cleaning, and low-temperature storage. these processes also inhibit bacterial migration, tightly controlling the total bacteria inside the eggshell. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrates a notable reduction in the proportion of Proteobacteria and Psychrobacter on the outer surface of the shell following sterilization treatments. Additionally, PICRUSt gene function prediction indicates a significant decrease in microbial activity within pathways associated with lipid oxidation, amino acid transport, and metabolism after sterilization treatments. Sterilization also significantly reduces the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks. these studies illustrate that sterilization trea

关键词： duck eggs function prediction high-throughput sequencing ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks sterilization

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia v.Sommaro juan j.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal joséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

the sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal patterns.the sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed agroecosystems.Genotyping data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for females.the results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all seasons.Which,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population abundance.Meanwhile,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active females.Males disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance mechanism.this study shows that C.musculinus is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the agroecosystem.the indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating rate.Our study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

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In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1732-1748页

作者： X.F.Wang C.j.Wang W.v.Yue Z.j.Zhang Z.Q.Yue Department of Civil Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing)BeijingChina Department of Water Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongChina

this study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil improvement.Factual drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring method.these factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injection with permeable polyurethane.Result from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement *** drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil profile.the soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky soil.the results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site loggings.the constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled soils.By comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty clay.Laboratory tests,i.***.uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling speeds.Results show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty clay.the UCS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ method.this method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

关键词： Drilling process monitoring system Hydraulic rotary drilling process Constant drilling speed Soil improvement Quality assessment

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