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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第12期129卷 1125-1150页

作者： S.Morganti F.Fahrendorf L.De Lorenzis j.A.Evans t.j.r.hughes.a.reali Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversita degli Studi di PaviaPavia27100Italy Institute of Applied Mechanics Technische Universitat BraunschweigBraunschweig38106Germany Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Zurich8092Switzerland Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado BoulderColorado80309USA Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at AustinTexas78712USA Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia27100Italy

We investigate primal and mixed u−p isogeometric collocation methods for application to nearly-incompressible isotropic *** primal method employs Navier’s equations in terms of the displacement unknowns,and the mixed method employs both displacement and pressure *** benchmarks for what might be considered acceptable accuracy,we employ constant-pressure Abaqus finite elements that are widely used in engineering *** a basis of comparisons,we present results for compressible *** the methods were completely satisfactory for the compressible ***,results for low-degree primal methods exhibited displacement locking and in general deteriorated in the nearly-incompressible *** results for the mixed methods behaved very well for two of the problems we studied,achieving levels of accuracy very similar to those for the compressible *** third problem,which we consider a“torture test”presented a more complex story for the mixed methods in the nearly-incompressible case.

关键词： Isogeometric analysis isogeometric collocation nearly-incompressible elasticity

A machine learning approach for regional geochemical data:Platinum-group element geochemistry vs geodynamic settings of the North Atlantic Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： jordan j.Lindsay Hannah S.r.hughes Christopher M.Yeomans jens C.Ø.Andersen Iain McDonald Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approaches to geochemistry provide valuable insights into magmatic processes such as melting and element fractionation,by considering entire regional data sets on an objective basis using machine learning algorithms(MLAs),we can highlight new facets within the broader data structure and significantly enhance previous geochemical *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic Igneous Province(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematically according to age,geographic location and geodynamic *** the large multi-element geochemical data set available for the region,MLAs were employed to explore the magmatic controls on these shifting *** key advantage of using machine learning in analysis is its ability to cluster samples across multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)techniques to increase separability in the data alongside clustering using the k-means *** new multi-element classification is compared to the original geographic classification to assess the performance of both *** workflow provides a means for creating an objective high-dimensional investigation on a geochemical data set and particularly enhances the identification of metallogenic anomalies across the *** techniques used highlight three distinct multi-element end-members which successfully capture the variability of the majority of elements included as input *** end-members are seen to fluctuate in prominence throughout the NAIP,which we propose reflects the changing geodynamic environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflected in MLA-based clustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through controls not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trace element data structure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements Machine learning Plume Geochemistry Metallogenesis Mantle

A Systematic review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 97-115页

作者： Alexander B.t.McAuley David C.hughes Loukia G.tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci thomas r.roos Adam j.Herbert Daniel t.jackson Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK the International Academy of Sports Science and technology(AIStS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbaston B153TNUK

Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to *** A comprehensive search of the PubMed,SPOrtDiscus,and MEDLINE databases until March 11th 2022 identi-fied 34 *** criteria:primary investigations,included football players,examined the association of a genetic variant with injury,and were published in *** of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.A narrative synthesis summarised *** there were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study,with 9642 participants across all studies(range=43–1311;median=227).Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 ***-one polymorphisms were associated with injury *** polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts:ACtN3(rs1815739)XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries,ACAN(rs1516797)G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries,and VEGFA(rs2010963)CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACL and ligament or tendon ***,several methodological issues(e.g.,small sample sizes,cohort heterogeneity,and population stratification)are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of *** At present,the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is *** participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

关键词： Soccer Genomics Polymorphism Snp Susceptibility

Solid-State NMr Spectroscopic Study of Chromophore-Protein Interactions in the Pr Ground State of Plant Phytochrome A

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 698-715页

作者： Chen Song Lars-Oliver Essen Wolfgang Ga＇rtner jon hughes j6rg Matysik Leids Instituut voor Chemisch Onderzoek Universiteit Leiden PO Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universita＇t Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Stral3e D-35032 Marburg Germany Max-Planck-lnstitut for Bioanorganische Chemie StiftstraBe 34-36 D-45470 MCu＇lheim an der Ruhr Germany Pflanzenphysiologie Justus-Liebig-Universita＇t SenckenbergstraBe 3 D-35390 Giessen Germany

Despite extensive study, the molecular structure of the chromophore-binding pocket of phytochrome A （phyA）, the principal photoreceptor controlling photomorphogenesis in plants, has not yet been successfully resolved. Here, we report a series of two-dimensional （2-D） magic-angle spinning solid-state NMr experiments on the recombi- nant N-terminal, 65-kDa PAS-GAF-PHY light-sensing module of phytochrome A3 from oat （Avena sativa）, assembled with uniformly 13C- and lSN-labeled phycocyanobilin （u-[13C,15N]-***3）. the Pr state of this protein was studied regarding the electronic structure of the chromophore and its interactions with the proximal amino acids. Using 2-D 13C-13C and 1HjSN experiments, a complete set of 13C and 15N assignments for the chromophore were obtained. Also, a large number of 1H-13C distance restraints between the chromophore and its binding pocket were revealed by inter- facial heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. 13C doublings of the chromophore A-ring region and the C-ring carbox- ylate moiety, together with the observation of two Pr isoforms, Pr-I and Pr-II, demonstrate the local mobility of the chromophore and the plasticity of its protein environment. It appears that the interactions and dynamics in the binding pocket of phyA in the Pr state are remarkably similar to those of cyanobacterial phytochrome （Cphl）. the N-terminus of the region modeled （residues 56-66 of phyA） is highly mobile. Differences in the regulatory processes involved in plant and Cphl phytochromes are discussed.

关键词： solid-state NMr plant phytochrome chromophore-protein interaction signal transduction

Metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.Norman Andrew S.Davison juliette H.hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter j.M.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew t.hughes Anna M.Milan jonathan C.jarvis Norman B.roberts Lakshminarayan r.ranganath George Bou-Gharios james A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical Biochemistry&Metabolic Medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). the primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). the metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and tCA-cycle pathways. Metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. the data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation Metabolism Metabolomics Mice

Genetic testing in Professional Football:Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 49-59页

作者： Alexander B.t.McAuley David C.hughes Loukia G.tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci homas r.roos Adam j.Herbert Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK the International Academy of Sports Science and technology(AIStS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbastonBirmingham B153TNUK

Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing ***,the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are ***,the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders(i.e.,coaches,practitioners,players).Methods In total,122 participants completed an online anonymous *** consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions,with the option of providing an explanation for each *** Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders(10%)or their respective organisations(14%).However,three quarters(75%)had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the *** majority(72%)believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk,whilst 35%believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification ***,most key stakeholders viewed their own(89%)and their col-leagues’(79%)knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient;mainly due to ineffective current communication methods(91%).Most believed educational workshops are required(71%),whilst nearly all(91%)were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic *** Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football,although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the *** such,educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

关键词： Soccer talent identification Athlete development Genetics

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当前有限元研究的一些发展趋向

力学进展 1982年第3期 300-306+286页

作者： t.j.r.hughes ,孟珊

1.引言 20世纪60年代,有限元法正在结构力学领域中迅速发展。人们已认识到这种方法的基本特点,科学界知道,要使这种方法能普遍适用于分析工作者长期面临的大量结构力学问题,还必须进一步做哪些工作。当时,研究工作的主要推动力是发展弯... 详细信息

1.引言 20世纪60年代,有限元法正在结构力学领域中迅速发展。人们已认识到这种方法的基本特点,科学界知道,要使这种方法能普遍适用于分析工作者长期面临的大量结构力学问题,还必须进一步做哪些工作。当时,研究工作的主要推动力是发展弯曲的二维和三维高阶连续元和发展等效壳体元。

关键词：有限元法结构力学数值分析领域显式算法有限元方法计算机程序隐式算法流体力学弹性静力学方程描述法对称算子 Hermite 算子线性算子描述方法有限元研究

Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9240-9255页

作者： teresa r Scott Victoria t Kronsten robin D hughes Debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and *** ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical *** rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and *** and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic *** swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain *** mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte *** evidence also supports an alternate‘trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte *** a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight *** present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown.

关键词： Cerebral oedema Acute liver failure Ammonia Hepatic encephalopathy Intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension Cerebral blood flow

National preparedness survey of pediatric intensive care units with simulation centers during the coronavirus pandemic

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020年第5期9卷 74-87页

作者： Kamal Abulebda rami A Ahmed Marc A Auerbach Anna M Bona Lauren E Falvo Patrick G hughes Isabel t Gross Elisa j Sarmiento Paul r Barach Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical CareIndiana University School of MedicineRiley Hospital for Children at Indiana University HealthIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Emergency Medicine School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatrics Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06504United States Department of Integrated Medical Science Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Department of Emergency Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06504United States Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMI 48202Jefferson College of Population HealthPhiladelphiaPA19107United States

the coronavirus disease pandemic caught many pediatric hospitals unpreparedand has forced pediatric healthcare systems to scramble as they examine and planfor the optimal allocation of medical resources for the highest priority *** is limited data describing pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) preparednessand their health worker *** describe the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness effortsamong a set of PICUs within a simulation-based network *** A cross-sectional multi-center national survey of PICU medical director(s) fromchildren’s hospitals across the United States. the questionnaire was developedand reviewed by physicians with expertise in pediatric critical care, disasterreadiness, human factors, and survey development. thirty-five children’shospitals were identified for recruitment through a long-established nationalresearch network. the questions focused on six themes: (1) PICU and medicaldirector demographics;(2) Pediatric patient flow during the pandemic;(3)Changes to the staffing models related to the pandemic;(4) Use of personalprotective equipment (PPE);(5) Changes in clinical practice and innovations;and(6) Current modalities of training including *** report on survey responses from 22 of 35 PICUs (63%). the majority of PICUswere located within children’s hospitals (87%). All PICUs cared for pediatricpatients with COVID-19 at the time of the survey. the majority of PICUs (83.4%)witnessed decreases in non-COVID-19 patients, 43% had COVID-19 dedicatedunits, and 74.6% pivoted to accept adult COVID-19 patients. All PICUsimplemented changes to their staffing models with the most common changesbeing changes in COVID-19 patient room assignment in 50% of surveyed PICUsand introducing remote patient monitoring in 36% of the PICU units. Ninety-fivepercent of PICUs conducted training for donning and doffing of enhanced *** 6 months into the pandemic, one-third of PICUs across the U

关键词： COVID-19 Pediatric intensive care unit Simulation Practice innovations training Preparedness

Search for two-neutrino double-beta decay of^(136)Xe to the 0^(+)_(1)excited state of 136Ba with the complete EXO-200 dataset

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第10期47卷 1-9页

作者： S.Al Kharusi G.Anton I.Badhrees P.S.Barbeau D.Beck V.Belov t.Bhatta M.Breidenbach t.Brunner G.F.Cao W.r.Cen C.Chambers B.Cleveland M.Coon A.Craycraft t.Daniels L.Darroch S.j.Daugherty j.Davis S.Delaquis A.Der Mesrobian-Kabakian r.DeVoe j.Dilling A.Dolgolenko M.j.Dolinski j.Echevers W.Fairbank jr. D.Fairbank j.Farine S.Feyzbakhsh P.Fierlinger Y.S.Fu D.Fudenberg P.Gautam r.Gornea G.Gratta C.Hall E.V.Hansen j.Hoessl P.Hufschmidt M.hughes A.Iverson A.jamil C.jessiman M.j.jewell A.johnson A.Karelin L.j.Kaufman t.Koffas r.Krücken A.Kuchenkov K.S.Kumar Y.Lan A.Larson B.G.Lenardo D.S.Leonard G.S.Li S.Li Z.Li C.Licciardi Y.H.Lin r.MacLellan t.McElroy t.Michel B.Mong D.C.Moore K.Murray O.Njoya O.Nusair A.Odian I.Ostrovskiy A.Perna A.Piepke A.Pocar F.retière A.L.robinson P.C.rowson j.runge S.Schmidt D.Sinclair K.Skarpaas A.K.Soma V.Stekhanov M.tarka S.thibado j.todd t.tolba t.I.totev r.tsang B.Veenstra V.Veeraraghavan P.Vogel j.-L.Vuilleumier M.Wagenpfeil j.Watkins M.Weber L.j.Wen U.Wichoski G.Wrede S.X.Wu Q.Xia D.r.Yahne L.Yang Y.-r.Yen O.Ya.Zeldovich t.Ziegler 无 Physics Department McGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 2T8Canada Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen 91058Germany Physics Department Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6Canada Department of Physics Duke Universityand Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory(TUNL)DurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA Physics Department University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinois 61801USA Institute for theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I.Alikhanov of National research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 117218Russia Department of Physics University of South DakotaVermillionSouth Dakota 57069USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA trIUMF VancouverBritish Columbia V6T 2A3Canada Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049China Department of Physics Laurentian UniversitySudburyOntario P3E 2C6Canada Physics Department Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado 80523USA Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography University of North Carolina at WilmingtonWilmingtonNC 28403USA Physics Department and CEEM Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Physics Department Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA Department of Physics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA technische Universität München Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster UniverseGarching 80805Germany Physics Department University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA Wright Laboratory Department of PhysicsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut 06511USA IBS Center for Underground Physics Daejeon 34126Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook UniversitySUNYStony BrookNew York 11794USA Kellogg Lab CaltechPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA LHEP Albert Einstein CenterUniversi

A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background *** detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of *** the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg *** statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of t2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint.

关键词： EXO-200 experiment neutrinoless double beta decay excited state