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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-izquierdo C.D.Armstrong t.A.pikuz S.A.pikuz W.Yan t.M.Jeong S.Singh p.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha i.p.tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone p.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov t.Kawachi A.S.pirozhkov ELi Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai institute for photon Science(KpSi) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative innovation Center of iFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina institute of plasma physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-institute of physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech technical University in prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan institute of physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine iStEQ AR YerevanArmenia

tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target.irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm t.ick st.inless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best.in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure t.is *** demonstrated target positioning wit.in several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast.it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. it was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, t.iggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. these symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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preparation of microparticles and nanoparticles using membrane-assisted dispersion,micromixing,and evaporation processes

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particuology 2024年第1期84卷 30-44页

作者： Goran t.Vladisavljevic Chemical Engineering Department Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershire LE113TUUnited Kingdom

Synthetic microporous membranes are increasingly used for energy-efficient and controlled production of micro-and nanoparticles and micro-and nanoemulsions with tuneable morphology and physico-chemical properties through various micromixing,emulsification,and evaporation *** emul-sification processes,the membrane pores are used for dispersed phase injection and size-controlled generation of droplets and droplet-templated *** micromixing processes,membrane is utilised as a micromixer for mixing two miscible liquids,usually solvent and antisolvent-rich solutions,which leads to the creation of supersaturation and subsequent nanoprecipitation or *** mem-brane evaporation processes,membrane is used to prevent phase dispersion while allowing efficient molecular diffusion of solvent and/or antisolvent vapour through gas-filled *** dispersion processes can be operated continuously by decoupling shear stress on the membrane surface from cross flow using tube insets,flow pulsations,swirling flow,membrane oscillations or membrane *** generation and solidification can be performed continuously in a single pass by connecting membrane module with a downstream *** dispersion processes can be used for pro-duction of nanoparticles such as nanovesicles(liposomes,micelles,ethosomes,and niosomes),nanogels,polymeric,lipid and metallic nanoparticles,and *** main advantages of membrane-assisted particle generation are in low energy consumption,controlled geometry and hydrodynamic conditions at the microscale level,flexible throughput due to modular and scalable design of membrane devices,and a wide choice of available microporous membranes with various wall porosities,wetta-bilities,pore sizes,and pore morphologies to suit different applications.

关键词： Nanoparticles Microparticles Nanoemulsions Microemulsions Microporous membrane Crystallisation Flash nanoprecipitation Emulsification Zero liquid discharge

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Changes in physical activity and sleep following the COViD-19 pandemic on a university campus:perception versus reality

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第3期6卷 246-251页

作者： Bryce t.Daniels Samantha Robinson ivan Vargas Jamie i.Baum Erin K.Howie University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUnited States Rush University Medical Center ChicagoIllinoisUnited States1 University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture FayettevilleARUnited States

it has been hypothesized that key lifestyle behaviors of physical activity and sleep worsened in response to the Coronavirus disease(COViD-19)***,there have been inconsistencies in findings of changes in these key lifestyle behaviors across populations likely due to the wide variety of assessment *** purpose of the study was to compare physical activity and sleep before and after the COViD-19 pandemic using accelerometers and self-reported behaviors.A longitudinal follow-up was conducted on students,faculty,and staff at a university campus in the United *** the periods before March 2020(covering the academic years of 2018–2019 or 2019–2020)and again in April–June 2021,participants completed surveys to evaluate their physical activity and sleep behaviors and wore an accelerometer.A total of 44 participants completed the survey at both timepoints and 32 completed accelerometer assessment at both ***-seven percent of participants reported a perceived decline in physical activity,while 30%reported a worsening in *** selfreported data,overall physical activity did not change,but there was a decrease in active transport(pincrease in domestic physical activity(p?0.012).Sleep quality decreased as evidenced by an increase in pittsburgh Sleep Quality index scores(p?0.045).there were no changes in accelerometer measured physical activity or *** were no changes in physical or mental *** perceptions of physical activity declined from prior to the COViD-19 pandemic,there were no changes in device-measured physical activity,and changes in self-reported physical activity differed by domain.

关键词： Movement Longitudinal Measurement

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particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+t cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the prot.in corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin J.Yoo Ariel isser Vivek p.Jani Natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe t.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.tzeng Jonathan p.Schneck Jordan J.Green translational tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACt.is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACt,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,t.is process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aApCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aApCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodist.ibution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+t cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but t.is has yet to be investigated in the context of aApCs for in vivo t-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate t-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aApC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific t cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** t.is knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo t cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aApC elasticity on t cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the prot.in corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity prot.in corona poly(ethylene glycol)

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Chromomagnetic dipole moments of light quarks in the bestest little Higgs model

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Chinese physics C 2024年第10期48卷 125-136页

作者： t.Cisneros-pérez E.Cruz-Albaro A.Y.Ojeda-Castañeda S.E.Solís-Núñez Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de ZacatecasApartado Postal C-58598060 ZacatecasMexico Facultad de Física Universidad Autónoma de ZacatecasApartado Postal C-58098060 ZacatecasMexico

in t.is study,we investigated the anomalous Chromomagnetic Dipole Moment(CMDM),denoted as μ_(q)^(BLHM),of light quarks q=(u,c,d,s,b) wit.in the framework of the Bestest Little Higgs Model(BLHM)as an extension of the Standard Model(SM).Our investigation encompassed novel interactions among the light quarks,heavy quark B,and heavy bosons (W'^(±),H^(±),φ^(±),η^(±))incorporating the extended Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa(CKM)mat.ix characteristic of the *** thoroughly explored the permissible parameter space,yielding a spectrum of CMDM values ranging from 10^(-10) to 10^(-3).

关键词： beyond standard model flavor physics chromomagnetic dipole light quarks

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Advanced wastewater treatment with microalgae-indigenous bacterial interactions

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 198-207页

作者： Xue Li Shengnan Li peng Xie Xi Chen Yuhao Chu Haixing Chang Jian Sun Qing Li Nanqi Ren shih-Hsin Ho State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150090PR China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054PR China Central Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research institute Co. LtdWuhan430010PR China

Microalgal-indigenous bacterial wastewater treatment(MBWt)emerges as a promising approach for the concurrent removal of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(p).Despite its potential,the prevalent use of MBWt.in batch systems limits its broader ***,the success of MBWt critically depends on the stable self-adaptation and synergistic interactions between microalgae and indigenous bacteria,yet the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully *** we explore the viability and microbial dynamics of a continuous flow microalgae-indigenous bacteria advanced wastewater treatment system(CFMBAWtS)in processing actual secondary effluent,with a focus on varying hydraulic retention times(HRts).the research highlights a stable,mutually beneficial relationship between indigenous bacteria and *** and indigenous bacteria can create an optimal environment for each other by providing essential cofactors(like iron,vitamins,and indole-3-acetic acid),oxygen,dissolved organic matter,and *** collaboration leads to effective microbial growth,enhanced N and p removal,and energy *** study also uncovers crucial metabolic pathways,functional genes,and patterns of microbial ***,the effluent NH4 t-N and p levels complied with the Chinese national Class-ii,Class-V,Class-iA,and Class-iB wastewater discharge standards when the HRt was reduced from 15 to 6 *** results,including the highest rates of CO2 fixation(1.23 g L^(-1)),total energy yield(32.35 kJ L^(-1)),and the maximal lipid(33.91%)and carbohydrate(41.91%)content,were observed at an HRt of 15 ***,t.is study not only confirms the feasibility of CFMBAWtS but also lays a crucial foundation for enhancing our understanding of t.is technology and propelling its practical application in wastewater treatment plants.

关键词： Continuous flow systems Microalgal-indigenous bacterial interactions Advanced treatment Self-adaptation mechanisms Nut.ient removal mechanisms

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts express CD1d and activate invariant natural killer t cells under cellular stress

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2024年第1期21卷 91-94页

作者： Shengduo pei Jonas Sjölund Yueyun pan Kristian pietras Mikael C.i.Karlsson Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Division of translational Cancer Research Department of Laboratory MedicineLund University Cancer CentreLund UniversityLundSweden

invariant natural killer t.iNKt)cells are part of the family of unconventional t cells,and they recognize glycolipid antigens presented on the MHC class i like molecule CD1^([1]).in humans there are five CD1 molecules named CD1a to CD1e,whereas mice use only CD1d for lipid ***,iNKt cells can elicit both cytotoxicity similarly to conventional CD8 t cells and secrete cytokines that.influence the adaptive immune response including providing direct t cell help to B cells^([2]).in the context of tumors,they can use both release of granzyme B and use Fas-mediated mechanisms for killing of tumor *** iNKt cells use a rest.icted tCR repert.ire and CD1 molecules are non-heterogenous the risk of graft vs host disease is limited and thus these t cells have been an attractive option for off the shelf immunotherapy to treat cancer^([3]).

关键词： killer CD1d Cancer

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Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract.infections in Vietnam:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 243-255,I0001-I0003页

作者： Dat t Nguyen princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada

Objective:to investigate the evolving patterns of antimicrobial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract.infection patients in Vietnam,covering the period from 2005 to ***:29 Descriptive studies published between 2010 and 2022 in English and Vietnamese were included in the *** on resistance rates to beta-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems,were extracted and *** pooled resistance rates were calculated using random-effects *** trends in resistance were assessed using linear regression ***:Among the beta-lactam antibiotics studied,Escherichia coli exhibited varying levels of resistance,with cephalosporins showing higher resistance rates compared to *** pooled resistance rates were 66%for cefotaxime,65%for ceft.iaxone,54%for ceftazidime,and 56%for *** contrast,carbapenems demonstrated lower resistance rates,with weighted pooled resistance rates ranging from 3%to 4%for meropenem,ertapenem,and *** rates were also observed for amoxicillin/clavulanate(35%),ticarcillin/clavulanate(26%),and piperacillin/tazobactam(12%).Significant annual increases in resistance were noted for imipenem(0.56%,pions:t.is study highlights the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract.infections in Vietnam and emphasizes the importance of prudent antibiotic use and the regular monitoring of resistance *** insights are useful for guiding healthcare professionals in optimizing treatment strategies and for policymakers in formulating evidence-based clinical guidelines to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Urinary tract.infection Vietnam

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A novel strategy for ionomer coating of Ag nanoparticles used for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in a membrane electrode assembly

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 94-95页

作者： Alexis t.Bell Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California

the electrochemical reduction of the CO2reaction （CO2RR） offers an attractive means for converting the carbon content of CO2, released from a stationary source or the atmosphere, into fuels and chemicals [1]. Utiliz...

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