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Approach to traumatic cardiac arrest in the emergency department: a narrative literature review for emergency providers

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 3-9页

作者： Rashed Alremeithi Quincy K.tran Megan t.Quintana Soroush Shahamatdar Ali Pourmand department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Program in trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Center for trauma and Critical Care Department of Surgerythe George Washington University School of Medicine&Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA

BACKGROUNd:traumatic cardiac arrest(tCA)is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in all age groups and poses a significant burden on the healthcare *** there have been advances in treatment modalities,survival rates for tCA patients remain *** narrative literature review critically examines the indications and eff ectiveness of current therapeutic approaches in treating ***:We performed a literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published before december 31,*** search was refi ned by combining search terms,examining relevant study references,and restricting publications to the English *** the search,943 articles were retrieved,and two independent reviewers conducted a screening ***:A review of various studies on pre-and intra-arrest prognostic factors showed that survival rates were higher when patients had an initial shockable *** were conflicting results regarding other prognostic factors,such as witnessed arrest,bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and the use of prehospital or in-hospital *** thoracotomy was found to result in more favorable outcomes in cases of penetrating trauma than in those with blunt *** endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)provides an advantage to emergency thoracotomy in terms of occupational safety for the operator as an alternative in managing hemorrhagic *** implemented in the setting of aortic occlusion,emergency thoracotomy and REBOA resulted in comparable mortality ***-venous extracorporeal life support(V-V ECLS)and veno-arterial extracorporeal life support(V-A ECLS)are viable options for treating respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock,*** the context of traumatic injuries,V-V ECLS has been associated with higher rates of survival to discharge than V-A ***:tCA remains a signifi cant challenge for emergency medical services due to its high m

关键词： traumatic cardiac arrest Emergency thoracotomy Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

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Performance metrics for the comparison of lithium ion cell aging experiments

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Energy Reviews 2023年第2期2卷 80-88页

作者： Gabriel Heyer Matilde d'Arpino a Giorgio Rizzoni department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University201 W 19th AveColumbusOH43212USA Center for Automotive Research The Ohio State University930 Kinnear RdColumbusOH43212USA

the increasing use of lithium-ion cells in large-scale,long-term applications drives a need for design methods that considers aging and accurate state of health estimation.A common approach is to rely on an empirical or semiempirical aging model fit to experimental data to estimate the evolution of capacity and power *** aging data are costly to collect,pack designers either use design of Experiment(dOE)techniques to define a set of efficient tests,or use existing aging data to calibrate aging *** the increasing quantity of available aging data,the question arises:how can experimental aging campaigns be quickly compared?However,a methodology for the comparison of sets of aging experiments is not discussed in the *** a result,pack designers usually rely on intuition to select between multiple aging studies proposed by dOE techniques or in the *** work proposes metrics to quantitatively capture the alignment between a set of aging experiments and a target *** metrics allow pack designers to quickly compare many sets of aging experiments to evaluate those which have tested conditions relevant to the *** studies are presented to illustrate the application of these metrics using aging campaign data from the *** validate these metrics,this work examines the relationship between these metric values and aging model validation error for calendar aging data for 18650 NMC battery *** is demonstrated that greater metric values correspond to reduced model error for an empirical capacity fade model.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Battery aging Battery testing design of experiment

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In Honor of the 80th Birthday of Professor WANG Fosong

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 643-645页

作者： Stephen Z. d. Cheng the University of Akron

Professor Fosong Wang was born in Guangdong, China in 1933 and received his undergraduate education at Wuhan University between 1951 and 1955. Following graduation, he went to the Former Soviet Union to continue his graduate studies whereupon, in 1960, he received his Ph.d. in chemistry from the Institute of High Molecular Compounds of

关键词：生日化学研究所本科教育武汉大学松广东省研究生前苏联

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Correlation of Unilateral Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma Growth Rates with Genetic and Immunohistochemical Abnormalities

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2015年第2期5卷 155-161页

作者： Atta Mohyuddin Michael E. Baser Richard t. Ramsden d. Gareth R. Evans department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital Manchester UK National Genetics Reference Laboratory University Department of Medical Genetics and Regional Genetic Services St. Mary’s Hospital Manchester UK Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital Manchester UK

Background: Unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannomas (USVS) are caused by inactivating somatic mutations of both alleles of the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene. Unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannomas have a widely-varying growth patterns whose causes are poorly understood. Objective: We examined the relationships between an index of USVS growth, and genetic abnormalities and pathological growth indices. Subjects and Methods: Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and heteroduplex methods were used to screen for mutations in all 17 exons of the NF2 gene in USVS from 63 patients. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses were also carried out. An index of USVS growth (clinical growth index, CGI) was calculated as maximum tumor diameter divided by duration of symptoms. the immunohistochemical growthindices were based on monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67 and another tumor cell proliferation marker (platelet-derived growth factor (PdGF)). Results: CGI was highly variable and did not significantly decrease with increasing age at diagnosis. Either somatic NF2 mutations or LOH was found in 88% of tumors. PdGF and Ki-67 increased significantly with increasing age at diagnosis, and PdGF was lower in tumors with LOH than in those without LOH. In multiple linear regression analysis, CGI was significantly higher in people with higher PdGF, after accounting for age at diagnosis and LOH. Conclusion: An index of USVS growth increases with increasing PdGF, after accounting for age and LOH.

关键词： Vestibular Schwannoma NF2 Gene Immunohistochemistry

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Neuroprotective strategies for NMdAR-mediated excitotoxicity in Huntington＇s disease

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第6期11卷 439-458页

作者： Kimberly d. Girling Yu tian Wang djavad Mowafahian Centre for Brain Health & department of Medicine University of British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada

BACKGROUNd： Huntington＇s disease （Hd） is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease causing severe neurodegeneration of the striatum as well as marked cognitive and motor disabilities. Excitotoxicity, caused by overstimulation of NMdA receptors （NMdARs） has been shown to have a key role in the neuropathogenesis of lid, suggesting that targeting NMdAR-dependent signaling may be an effective clinical approach for Hd. However, broad NMdAR antagonists are generally poor therapeutics in clinical practice. It has been suggested that GluN2A-containing, synaptically located NMdARs activate cell survival signaling pathways, while GluN2B-containing, primarily extrasynaptic NMdARs trigger cell death signaling. A better approach to development of effective therapeutics for Hd may be to target, specifically, the cell-death specific pathways associated with extrasynaptic GluN2B NMdAR activation, while maintaining or potentiating the cell- survival activity of GluN2A-NMdARs. OBJECtIVE： this review outlines the role of NMdAR-mediated excitotoxicity in Hd and overviews current efforts to develop better therapeutics for Hd where NMdAR excitotoxicity is the target. MEtHOdS： A systematic review process was conducted using the PubMed search engine focusing on research conducted in the past 5-10 years. 235 articles were consulted for the review, with key search terms including ＂Huntington＇s disease,＂＂excitotoxicity,＂＂NMdAR＂ and ＂therapeutics.＂ RESULtS： A wide range of NMdAR excitotoxicity-based targets for Hd were identified and reviewed, including targeting NMdARs directly by blocking GluN2B, extrasynaptic NMdARs and/or potentiating GluN2A, synaptic NMdARs, targeting glutamate release or uptake, or targeting specific downstream cell-death signaling of NMdARs. CONCLUSION： the current review identifies NMdAR-mediated excitotoxicity as a key player in Hd pathogenesis and points to various excitotoxicity-focused targets as potential future preventative therapeutics for Hd.

关键词： Huntington's disease NMdA receptor excitotoxicity cell death therapeutics

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ON tHE StABILItY OF tHE SURFACE SEPARAtING tWO HOMOGENEOUS MEdIA WItH dIFFERENt tHERMAL CONdUCtIVItIES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 1987年第4期7卷 411-429页

作者： A. Lorenzi,C. d. Pagani Istituto di Matematica University of Milan Italy Istituto di Matematica Polithecnic of Milan Italy

§0. Introduction In some questions rolated to the earth science the following problem arises: asolid body Ω Js scparated into two subregions Ω1and Ω2, the second strictly contained in Ω, both made of homogeneous isotropic materials with given （constant） thermal conductivities α1and α2. From the knowledge of the temperatudre u0and the heat flux u1on the boundary （?）Ω of Ω, it is required to determine the position and the shape of the hidden region Ω2, i.e. to identify the surface ∑ which separates Ω1and Ω2.

关键词： th ON tHE StABILItY OF tHE SURFACE SEPARAtING tWO HOMOGENEOUS MEdIA WItH dIFFERENt tHERMAL CONdUCtIVItIES

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Experimental and computational validation of a scaled train tunnel model using modal analysis

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第4期8卷 420-428页

作者： Janice B.d'SOUZA Sangarapillai KANAPAtHIPILLAI School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering The University of New South Wales

Acoustic engineers are faced with the challenge of minimising reverberation time in their designs so as to contribute to the health and well-being of those traveling by train and those on the *** the problem is easy to identify,it is not as simple to *** acoustical environment of a train tunnel is complex,with a variety of noise contributing factors such as train announcements,speech of commuters,ventilation systems,electrical equipment and wheel and rail *** a result,there is some difficulty in modeling the complete acoustic environment with computational or acoustic first *** this study,an experimental rig was constructed to model the acoustic behavior within a *** modal properties for the 300 Hz to 1500 Hz range,including resonances and mode shapes were identified and were shown to successfully correspond to theoretical results and a computational model created in COMSOL using Finite Element Analysis.

关键词： reverberation time acoustic environment modal properties resonances

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Current and emerging therapies for first line treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and treatment 2021年第1期7卷 532-550页

作者： Michael t.Serzan Michael B.Atkins Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center WashingtonDC 20057USA.

the therapeutic landscape for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is rapidly evolving with improved knowledge of the biology of disease leading to the incorporation of a variety of antiangiogenic agents and *** this review,we discuss historical,current,and emerging first line treatment options for patients with advanced *** include data with single agent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(tKIs):sunitinib,pazopanib and cabozantinib as well as the recently reported results for the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus(mtOR inhibitor).We also discuss results of the nivolumab anti-programmed cell death(Pd-1)/ipilimumab(anti-cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)combination as well as emerging front-line data with nivolumab and pembrolizumab(anti-Pd-1)***,we review data supporting recent approvals of tKI and anti-Pd-1 or anti-Pd-Ligand 1(Pd-L1)combinations(e.g.,axitinib/pembrolizumab,axitinib/avelumab and cabozantinib/nivolumab)and initial outcomes of lenvatinib(multi-kinase inhibitor)and *** many individual and combination treatment options and the lack of head-to-head comparisons,treatment selection will depend on the goals of therapy(endpoints)and the identification and validation of clinical and tumor-based predictive biomarkers that are linked to the desired treatment endpoints.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma nivolumab ipilimumab axitinib pembrolizumab avelumab biomarkers

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Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards Pain Management in Children Admitted in the Paediatric department of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第6期5卷 46-59页

作者： Edina t. Kholowa Angela F. Chimwaza Maureen d. Majamanda Alfred O. Maluwa Nursing and Midwifery department Malamulo College of Health Sciences Malawi Adventist University Thyolo Malawi Faculty of Nursing Kamuzu College of Nursing University of Malawi Blantyre Malawi

Background: Inadequate pain management is a problem in hospitalized children. Objectives: to explore knowledge and attitudes of nurses in management of pain in children. Methods: A descriptive design using qualitative methods was used to conduct the study. 17 nurses with prior pain management training were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Ethical approval was obtained from College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee. data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Nurses had some knowledge of pain assessment methods, treatment and use of morphine. Gaps, however, existed on how to use pain assessment scales, analgesics to use at each step of the WHO analgesic ladder, and how to effectively use morphine for pain relief. Although most nurses had positive attitudes towards children’s pain and use of morphine, negative attitudes were evident in some nurses regarding administration of morphine to neonates or acutely ill children. Conclusion and Implications: the study has revealed knowledge and attitude gaps which may reflect deficiencies in the pain education nurses received, non-availability of pain scales and lack of support for nurses to link theory with practice. Nurse leaders are challenged to provide repeated comprehensive education for nurses on pain assessment and management. Furthermore, user friendly pain scales should be developed, and nurses educated and demonstrated on their use. In addition, opportunities for supportive supervision with nurses in the clinical setting should be created for linkage of theory and practice.

关键词： Children Pain Assessment Caregivers/Parents/Guardians Nurses Pain Management

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Molybdenum Limitation Induces Expression of the Molybdate-Binding Protein Mop in a Freshwater Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第6期3卷 9-15页

作者： Jennifer B. Glass Amisha t. Poret-Peterson Felisa Wolfe-Simon Ariel d. Anbar School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe USA

We studied the effect of molybdenum (Mo) concentration on transcription and translation of a putative Mo-storage protein (Mop) in the freshwater heterocystous cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. triplicate treatments were acclimated to 1, 150, and 3000 nM Mo over an 11-day period (three transfers) and then transferred into 3000 nM Mo media. Growth rates in 1 nM treatments declined throughout the acclimation period and increased significantly after the final transfer into media containing 3000 nM Mo. After acclimation, cellular Mo content was highest in 3000 nM Mo treatments, intermediate in 150 nM treatments and lowest in 1 nM treatments (70 ± 30, 10.0 ± 0.04 and 2 ± 1 mg·gˉ1 dry biomass, respectively). Cellular Mo content converged on values of 20-40 mg·gˉ1 dry biomass after the final transfer into 3000 nM. Mop transcription and translation were up-regulated in 1 nM Mo treatments during the acclimation period, and down-regulated after transfer into 3000 nM Mo. Mop protein expression was only observed in 1 nM treatments after multiple transfers;minimal Mop protein was observed in 150 and 3000 nM Mo treatments. these observations suggest that Mop does not store excess intracellular Mo in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, but may serve an unknown physiological function in Mo-limited metabolism.

关键词： Molybdenum Nitrogen Fixation Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. PCC 7120

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