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A Rapid Parameter of Enzyme-treated Cellulosic Material Revealed by Reducing Sugar Release

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 539-551页

作者： Verônica távilla Ferreira Silva Adriane Maria Ferreira Milagres Departamento de Biotecnologia Escola de Engenharia de LorenaUniversidade de São PauloLorenaSP12602-810Brazil

this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in purifying and reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose for the production of dissolving *** goal was to determine the contributions of xylanase(X)and endoglucanase(EG)in the treatment of pulp,specifically by quantifying the formation of soluble and insoluble reducing sugars using the dinitrosalycilic acid(DNS)***,the release of soluble reducing sugars(RSSol)was enhanced after xylanase treatment,while endoglucanase(EG)treatment led to changes in insoluble reducing sugars(RSIns).the maximum synergism was observed for RSIns when a high ratio of endoglucanase to xylanase(320EG:5X/g pulp)was *** relative contribution of endoglucanase to RSins was determined to be 15.6%of the total reducing *** viscosity of pulps treated with xylanase decreased only by 7%,whereas endoglucanase treatment significantly reduced viscosity by 45%.Modifications in the particle size were observed after pulp treatment with the combination of endoglucanase and *** summary,the DNS test is a rapid and effective method for evaluating the efficiency of enzyme treatments on *** measurement of RSIns correlates with changes in pulp viscosity to different extents,providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of enzyme treatments.

关键词： Endoglucanase xylanase cellulose fiber pulp synergism

Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak MichałGrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

Current considerations on intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct and pancreatic duct

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1461-1465页

作者： Efstathios t Pavlidis Ioannis N Galanis theodoros E Pavlidis 2^(nd) Propedeutic Department of Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

Pancreatobiliary intraductal papillary neoplasms(IPNs)represent precursors of pancreatic cancer or bile duct cholangiocarcinoma that can be detected and *** advances in diagnostic methods,identifying these premalignant lesions is still challenging for treatment *** imaging,biomarkers and molecular tests for genomic alterations can be used for diagnosis and *** intervention in combination with new chemotherapeutic agents is considered the optimal treatment for malignant *** balance between the risk of malignancy and any risk of resection guides management policy;therefore,treatment should be individualized based on a meticulous preoperative assessment of high-risk *** of the bile duct is more aggressive;thus,early diagnosis and surgery are *** conservative management of low-risk pancreatic branch-duct lesions is safe and effective.

关键词： Biliary tree diseases Pancreatic cystic neoplasms Biliary tract neoplasms Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Search for production of dark fermion candidates in association with heavy neutral gauge boson decaying to dimuon in proton-proton collisions at√s=8 teV using CMS open data

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 6-13页

作者： Y.Mahmoud H.Abdallah M.t.Hussein S.Elgammal Centre for theoretical physics The British University in EgyptEgypt Physics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityEgypt

In this study,we conducted a search for dark matter using a part of the data recorded by the CMS experiment during run-I of the LHC in 2012 with a center of mass energy of 8 teV and an integrated luminosity of 11.6 fb−*** data were gathered from the CMS open *** matter,in the framework of the simplified model(mono-Z′),can be produced from proton-proton collisions in association with a new hypothetical gauge boson,Z′.thus,the search was conducted in the dimuon plus large missing transverse momentum *** benchmark scenario of mono-Z′,which is known as light vector,was used for interpreting the CMS open *** evidence of dark matter was observed,and exclusion limits were set on the masses of dark matter and Z′at 95%confidence level.

关键词： dark matter large hadron collider CMS open data search for new physics dark fermion

Mathematical modelling of ball and plate system with experimental and correlation function-based model validation

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Control theory and technology 2024年第2期22卷 326-341页

作者： t.R.Dil Kumar S.J.Mija Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikode673601KeralaIndia

the ball and plate system is an inherently nonlinear under actuated benchmark system used for validating the performance of various control schemes. A mathematical model depicting the dynamics close to that of the system is very much required for such a test bed. In this correspondence, the complete nonlinear model, a simplified nonlinear model, and a linearized model of the ball and plate system are developed. the system comprises a ball and plate mechanism and a rotary servo unit. the ball and plate mechanism is modelled using the Euler–Lagrange method, whereas the rotary servo subsystem is modelled from the first principles. the nonlinear model of the combined system is developed by including the dynamics of the servo motor with gear and rolling resistance between the ball and the plate. the simplified nonlinear model of the system is obtained with suitable assumptions. the model is linearized around the operating point using the Jacobian. the validity of the developed models is investigated through correlation function analysis. the open-loop response of the three models, viz., nonlinear, simplified nonlinear, and linearized models, is analyzed in the MAtLAB/Simulink platform. Since the open-loop system is unstable, the experimental validation of the model is performed with a double-loop PSO (particle swarm optimization) PID control scheme.

关键词： Ball and plate system Correlation function Model validation Particle swarm optimization(PSO) PSO PID controller

the prolactin receptor(PRLR)gene is linked to and associated with the comorbidity of depression and type 2 diabetes in Italian families

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 15-17页

作者： Mutaz Amin Rongling Wu teodor t.Postolache Claudia Gragnoli INSERM US14-OrphanetParis 75014France University of Paris Paris 75013France Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 11121Sudan Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Statistics Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Mood and Anxiety Program Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)19Military and Veteran Microbiome:Consortium for Research and Education(MVM-CoRE)DenverCO80246USA Mental illness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)5VA Capitol Health Care NetworkBaltimoreMD 21090USA Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124USA Molecular Biology Laboratory Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health CenterRome 00197Italy

Major depressive disorder(MDD)and type 2 diabetes(t2D)are two common complex multifactorial disorders that share several genetic and environmental risk factors such as hypercortisolism and related genes'riskvariants within the stress response and the neuroendocrine hypothalamicpituitary *** stress,the pituitary gland releases prolactin(PRL),whose effects are pleiotropic and include mood control and insulin secretion from the beta cells.1 Variations in the prolactin receptor(PRLR)gene are associated in rodent models with stress level,depressionlike behavior,2 and hepatic insulin sensitivity3 and in humans with maternal glucose homeostasis and gestational diabetes.

关键词： diabetes prolactin pituitary

the role of melatonin receptor 1B gene(MtNR1B)in the susceptibility to depression and type 2 diabetes comorbidity

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 113-115页

作者： Mutaz Amin Benjamin Rafla Rongling Wu teodor t.Postolache Cclaudia Gragnoli INSERM US14-OrphanetParis 75014France Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 11121Sudan Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124USA Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Statistics Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Mood and Anxiety Program Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA Rocky Mountain Mental llness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)19Military and Veteran Microbiome:Consortium for Research and Education(MVM-CoRE)DenverCO 80246USA Mental Ilness Research Education and Clinical Center(MIRECC) Veterans Integrated Service Network(VISN)5VA Capitol Health Care NetworkBaltimoreMD 21090USA Molecular Biology Laboratory Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health CenterRome00197Italy

Melatonin is an endogenous monoamine hormone secreted by the pineal *** signaling has been shown to play a role in circadian rhythm regulation,lipid and glucose metabolism,and obesity,and it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant *** melatonin receptor 1B gene(MtNR1B)is expressed in,among other tissues,the brain and pancreatic beta cells,and risk variants for t2D have been reported as impairing early insulin secretion and increasing fasting glucose levels.^(1) Variants in the MtNR1B gene also have been reported in patients with depression(MDD).

关键词： MtNR1B metabolism properties.

Partially Overlapping Channel Assignment Using Bonded and Non-Bonded Channels in IEEE 802.11n WLAN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3161-3178页

作者： MdSelim Al Mamun Fatema akhter Graduate School of Natural Science and technology Okayama UniversityOkayama700-8530Japan Computer Science and Engineering Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam UniversityMymensingh2224Bangladesh

Nowadays,wireless local area network(WLAN)has become prevalent Internet access due to its low-cost gadgets,flexible coverage and hasslefree simple wireless *** facilitates wireless Internet services to users with mobile devices like smart phones,tablets,and laptops through deployment of multiple access points(APs)in a network *** AP operates on a frequency band called *** wireless standard such as IEEE 802.11n has a limited number of channels where frequency spectrum of adjacent channels overlaps partially with each *** a crowded environment,users may experience poor Internet services due to channel collision i.e.,interference from surrounding APs that affects the performance of the WLAN ***,it becomes a challenge to maintain expected performance in a crowded environment.A mathematical model of throughput considering interferences from surrounding APs can play an important role to set up a WLAN system *** set up,assignment of channels considering interference can maximize network *** this paper,we investigate the signal propagation of APs under interference of partially overlapping channels for both bonded and non-bonded ***,a throughput estimation model is proposed using difference of operating channels and received signal strength indicator(RSSI).then,a channel assignment algorithm is introduced using proposed throughput estimation ***,the efficiency of the proposal is verified by numerical experiments using *** results show that the proposal selects the best channel combination of bonded and non-bonded channels that maximize the performance.

关键词： Wireless local area network partially overlapping channel throughput estimation model channel assignment algorithm

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-Ran Li Zheng-Wei Wang Richard t.Corlett Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants&Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

the insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene ***,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different *** synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing ***,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect *** provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population *** analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and *** inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee *** evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial *** finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome *** conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mitogenome structure Gene rearrangement Inverted repeats