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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in ～1022W/cm2 laser-plasma experiments

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期 95-110页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong t.a.pikuz S.A.pikuz W.Yan t.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato,G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov t.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI) Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFC Institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University HB11 Energy Holdings Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR FZU±Institute of Physics ASCR Czech technical University in Prague Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine IStEQ AR

tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a～1022W/cm2laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy （i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length）and show that several diagnostics （in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays） can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast （it requires 10±20 laser shots） and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

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Optimization of a laser plasma-based x-ray source according to WDM absorption spectroscopy requirements

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第1期6卷 37-44页

作者： A.S.Martynenko S.A.pikuz I.Yu.Skobelev S.N.Ryazantsev C.D.Baird N.Booth L.N.K.Dohl P.Durey A.Ya.Faenov D.Farley R.Kodama K.Lancaster P.McKenna C.D.Murphy C.Spindloe t.a.pikuz N.Woolsey Joint Institute for High temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences 125412 MoscowRussia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe Sh.31115409 MoscowRussia York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiative Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a well-accepted diagnostic for experimental studies of warm dense *** requires a short-lived X-ray source of sufficiently high emissivity and without characteristic lines in the spectral range of *** the present work,we discuss how to choose an optimum material and thickness to get a bright source in the wavelength range 2A–6A(∼2 keV to 6 keV)by considering relatively low-Z *** demonstrate that the highest emissivity of solid aluminum and silicon foil targets irradiated with a 1-ps high-contrast sub-kJ laser pulse is achieved when the target thickness is close to 10μ*** outer plastic layer can increase the emissivity even further.

关键词： laser WDM source

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Methods of controlled formation of instabilities during the electrical explosion of thin foils

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第5期8卷 35-41页

作者： t.A.Shelkovenko I.N.tilikin A.V.Oginov A.R.Mingaleev V.M.Romanova S.A.pikuz P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia

the results of a study of the electrical explosion of aluminum foils with an artificial periodic surface structure created by laser engraving are *** were carried out on pulsed high-current generators BIN(270 kA,300 kV,100 ns)and KING(200 kA,40 kV,200 ns)with Al foil of thicknesses 16 and 4μm,*** of the exploded foils were recorded by point projection radiography in the radiation from hybrid *** is found that the application of an artificial periodic structure to the foil leads to a much more uniform and well-defined periodic structure of the exploded *** recorded in the UV range using a microchannel-plate-intensified detector show that the radiation from a surface-modified foil is more uniform along the entire length and width of the foil than that from a foil without modification.

关键词： periodic electrical foils

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Evolution of X-pinch loads for pulsed power generators with current from 50 to 5000 kA

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第6期3卷 267-277页

作者： t.A.Shelkovenko S.A.pikuz I.N.tilikin M.D.Mitchell S.N.Bland D.A.Hammer Cornell University IthacaNY14850USA P.N.Lebedev Institute Moscow119991Russia Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK University of Evansville EvansvilleINUSA

A review of X-pinches of various configurations and of different materials as an X-ray source for various applications is presented. theadvantages and disadvantages of different designs of X-pinches as a load for generators with a wide range of output parameters and as a sourceof X-ray radiation for X-ray point-projection imaging were analyzed.

关键词： X-pinch X-ray source X-ray point-projection imaging

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Explosion dynamics of thin flat foils at high current density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第5期7卷 39-46页

作者： t.A.Shelkovenko I.N.tilikin S.A.pikuz A.R.Mingaleev V.M.Romanova L.Atoyan D.A.Hammer P.N.Lebedev Institute RASMoscow 119991Russia Cornell University IthacaNew York 14853USA

this paper presents characteristic features of the explosion of thin flat foils for currents and pulse risetimes ranging from 8 kA at 350 ns to1000 kA at ∼100 ns. Foils made of aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium with thicknesses of 1–100 μm are tested. Various diagnostics inthe optical, UV, and x-ray spectral ranges are used to image the exploding foils from initial breakdown to complete destruction or *** is shown that foil explosion is a complex process that depends on many factors, but features common to all foils are found that do notdepend on the parameters of the generators or, accordingly, on the energy deposited in the foil: for example, the breakdown of flat foils underdifferent conditions occurs at the edges of the foil. For the first time, the formation of a precursor over the central part of the foil is shown,which significantly changes the dynamics of the foil explosion.

关键词： foils dynamics nickel

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Using LiF crystals for high-performance neutron imaging with micron-scale resolution

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 1-9页

作者： A.Faenov M.Matsubayashi t.pikuz Y.Fukuda M.Kando R.Yasuda H.Iikura t.Nojima t.Sakai M.Shiozawa R.Kodama Y.Kato Institute for Academic Initiatives Suita Osaka University Joint Institute for High temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Quantum Beam Science Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency PPC and Graduate School of Engineering Suita Osaka University Nippon SOKEN Inc. the Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries

this paper describes an overview of our recent discovery – clear demonstration that Li F crystals can be efficiently used as a high-performance neutron imaging detector based on optically stimulated luminescence of color centers generated by neutron irradiation. It is shown that the neutron images we have obtained are almost free from granular noise, have a spatial resolution of～5.4 μm and a linear response with a dynamic range of at least 103. the high contrast and good sensitivity of Li F crystals allow us to distinguish two holes with less than 2% transmittance difference. We propose to use such detectors in areas where high spatial resolution with high image gradation resolution is needed, including diagnostics of different plasma sources such as laser and z-pinch produced plasmas.

关键词： color centers Li F crystals neutron imaging neutrons plasma diagnostics

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Development of new diagnostics based on LiF detector for pump-probe experiments

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第4期3卷 197-206页

作者： t.pikuz A.Faenov NOzaki t.Matsuoka B.Albertazzi N.J.Hartley K.Miyanishi K.Katagiri S.Matsuyama K.Yamauchi H.Habara Y.Inubushi t.togashi H.Yumoto H.Ohashi Y.tange t.Yabuuchi M.Yabashi A.N.Grum-Grzhimailo A.Casner I.Skobelev S.Makarov S.pikuz G.Rigon M.Koenig K.A.tanaka t.Ishikawa R.Kodama Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Joint Institute for High temperatures Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 125412Russia Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Photon Pioneers Center Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan LULI e CNRS Ecole PolytechniqueCEA:Universite Paris-SaclayUPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne Universites-F-91128 Palaiseau cedexFrance Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden 01328Germany Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo-choSayo-gunHyogo 679-5198Japan RIKEN Spring-8 Center Sayo-choSayo-gunHyogo 679-5148Japan Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Universite de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIA(Center Lasers Intenses et Applications)UMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia ELI-NP/IFN-HH Maqurele-Bucharest 077125 Romania ILE Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

We present new diagnostics for use in optical laser pump-X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL)probe experiments to monitor dimensions,intensity profile and focusability of the XFEL beam and to control initial quality and homogeneity of targets to be driven by optical laser *** developing X-ray imaging,based on the use of an LiF crystal detector,we were able to measure the distribution of energy inside a hard X-ray beam with unprecedented high spatial resolution(~1 mm)and across a field of view larger than some *** diagnostic can be used in situ,provides a very high dynamic range,has an extremely limited cost,and is relatively easy to be implemented in pump-probe *** proposed methods were successfully applied in pump-probe experiments at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser(SACLA)XFEL facility and its potential was demonstrated for current and future High Energy Density Science experiments.

关键词： XFEL Shock waves Pump-probe experiments High energy density science X-ray spectroscopy X-ray imaging

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turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in high energy density plasmas： scientific case and preliminary results of the turboHEDP project

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 50-64页

作者： A. Casner G. Rigon B. Albertazzi th. Michel t. pikuz A. Faenov P. Mabey N. Ozaki Y. Sakawa t. Sano J. Ballet P. tzeferacos D. Lamb E. Falize G. Gregori M. Koenig Universite de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIA (CEntre Lasers Intenses et Applications) UMR 5107 F-33405 Talence France LULI- CNRS Ecole Polytechnique CEA Universite Paris-Saclay UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Universites -F-91128 Palaiseau cedex France ENS Lyon Universite de Lyon CHELS 69342 Lyon France Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Joint Institute for High temperature RAS Moscow 125412 Russia Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Universite Paris Diderot Departement d'Astrophysique CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif sur Yvette France Flash Center for Computational Science University of Chicago USA CEA DAM DIF F-91297 Arpajon France Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK

the physics of compressible turbulence in high energy density(HED) plasmas is an unchartered experimental *** of compressible and radiative flows relevant for astrophysics rely mainly on subscale parameters. therefore,we plan to perform turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in HED plasmas(turboHEDP) in order to improve our understanding of such important phenomena for interest in both communities: laser plasma physics and astrophysics. We will focus on the physics of supernovae remnants which are complex structures subject to fluid instabilities such as the Rayleigh–taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. the advent of megajoule laser facilities, like the National Ignition Facility and the Laser Megajoule, creates novel opportunities in laboratory astrophysics, as it provides unique platforms to study turbulent mixing flows in HED plasmas. Indeed, the physics requires accelerating targets over larger distances and longer time periods than previously achieved. In a preparatory phase, scaling from experiments at lower laser energies is used to guarantee the performance of future MJ experiments. this subscale experiments allow us to develop experimental skills and numerical tools in this new field of research, and are stepping stones to achieve our objectives on larger laser facilities. We review first in this paper recent advances in high energy density experiments devoted to laboratory astrophysics. then we describe the necessary steps forward to commission an experimental platform devoted to turbulent hydrodynamics on a megajoule laser facility. Recent novel experimental results acquired on LULI2000, as well as supporting radiative hydrodynamics simulations, are presented. together with the development of LiF detectors as transformative X-ray diagnostics, these preliminary results are promising on the way to achieve micrometric spatial resolution in turbulent HED physics experiments in the near future.

关键词： high energy density physics inertial confinement fusion laboratory astrophysics plasmas astrophysics

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A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第1期7卷 53-63页

作者： J.Strucka J.W.D.Halliday t.Gheorghiu H.Horton B.Krawczyk P.Moloney S.Parker G.Rowland N.Schwartz S.Stanislaus S.theocharous C.Wilson Z.Zhao t.A.Shelkovenko S.A.pikuz S.N.Bland Plasma Physics Group Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BWUnited Kingdom University of Cambridge CambridgeUnited Kingdom Department of Nuclear Plasmaand Radiological EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

We describe the design and x-ray emission properties(temporal,spatial,and spectral)of Dry Pinch I,a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College *** Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device,30033003700 mm3 in size and∼50 kg in mass,that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics *** key findings,the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1±0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 *** average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10±4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current *** spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches-suggesting a spot size of 10±6μm in the soft energy region(1–10 keV)and 190±100μm in the hard energy region(>10 keV).these characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not *** the same time,this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.

关键词： energy diagnostics pinch

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On the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in the presence of background magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第2期6卷 37-45页

作者： M.J.-E.Manuel B.Khiar G.Rigon B.Albertazzi S.R.Klein F.Kroll F.-E.Brack t.Michel P.Mabey S.pikuz J.C.Williams M.Koenig A.Casner C.C.Kuranz General Atomics San DiegoCalifornia 92121USA University of Chicago ChicagoIllinois 60637USA Laboratoire pour l’utilisation des lasers intenses 91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance University of Michigan Ann ArborMichigan 48109USA Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany National Research Nuclear University Moscow 115409Russia Centre lasers intenses et applications 33405 Talence CedexFrance

Blast-wave-driven hydrodynamic instabilities are studied in the presence of a background B-field through experiments and simulations in the high-energy-density(HED)physics *** experiments conducted at the Laboratoire pour l’utilisation des lasers intenses(LULI),a laserdriven shock-tube platform was used to generate a hydrodynamically unstable interface with a prescribed sinusoidal surface perturbation,and short-pulse x-ray radiography was used to characterize the instability growth with and without a 10-t *** LULI experiments were modeled in FLASH using resistive and ideal magnetohydrodynamics(MHD),and comparing the experiments and simulations suggests that the Spitzer model implemented in FLASH is necessary and sufficient for modeling these planar *** results suggest insufficient amplification of the seed B-field,due to resistive diffusion,to alter the hydrodynamic *** the ideal-MHD simulations did not represent the experiments accurately,they suggest that similar HED systems with dynamic plasma-β(=2μ_(0)ρv^(2)/B^(2))values of less than∼100 can reduce the growth of blast-wave-driven Rayleigh–taylor *** findings validate the resistive-MHD FLASH modeling that is being used to design future experiments for studying B-field effects in HED plasmas.

关键词： field. hydrodynamic instabilities

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